Histopathological study of non-neoplastic lesions of nose, paransal sinuses and nasopharynx

Background: The various lesions of the nose, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx were subjected to histopathological evaluation over a period of 5 years (2010 to 2015) at the Department of Pathology, in a rural based hospital. Total 84 specimens were studied over the time of 5 years. Methodology: The formalin fixed specimens were received with complete clinical and radiological features. Routine gross examination and required number of sections were taken and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Result: In the study, 84 cases were of Inflammatory and Non neoplastic lesions. Nasal polyps were the most common lesions with 77 (91.67%) cases. Among the all Nasal polyps, 77 cases, 20 (25.97%) cases were of Allergic polyp, 50 (64.93%) cases were of inflammatory polyp, while 7 (9.09%) cases were of Antrochoanal polyp. 2 cases (2.38%) each of Sinusitis and Intradermal naevus. Rhinosporidiosis, Mucocele and Nasolabial cyst comprised of 1 (0.77%) case each respectively. Conclusion: In our study, most common lesions were Nasal Polyps. Most of the cases were presented in 2nd and 3rd decade of life with Male preponderance. Nasal obstruction was the most common clinical presentation in the present study

Histopathological study of non-neoplastic lesions of nose, paransal sinuses and nasopharynx

Background: The various lesions of the nose, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx were subjected to histopathological evaluation over a period of 5 years (2010 to 2015) at the Department of Pathology, in a rural based hospital. Total 84 specimens were studied over the time of 5 years. Methodology: The formalin fixed specimens were received with complete clinical and radiological features. Routine gross examination and required number of sections were taken and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Result: In the study, 84 cases were of Inflammatory and Non neoplastic lesions. Nasal polyps were the most common lesions with 77 (91.67%) cases. Among the all Nasal polyps, 77 cases, 20 (25.97%) cases were of Allergic polyp, 50 (64.93%) cases were of inflammatory polyp, while 7 (9.09%) cases were of Antrochoanal polyp. 2 cases (2.38%) each of Sinusitis and Intradermal naevus. Rhinosporidiosis, Mucocele and Nasolabial cyst comprised of 1 (0.77%) case each respectively. Conclusion: In our study, most common lesions were Nasal Polyps. Most of the cases were presented in 2nd and 3rd decade of life with Male preponderance. Nasal obstruction was the most common clinical presentation in the present study

Floating Drug Delivery System: A comprehensive review

The recent literature with some special interest on the principal mechanism of floatation to obtain gastric retention is the main purpose of writing this review on floating drug delivery systems (FDDS). The recent developments in floating drug delivery systems are containing the physiological and formulation variables impacting on gastric retention time, approaches to formulating of single-unit and multiple-unit floating systems, and their classification and formulation aspects are discussed in detail. This review also summarizes evaluation parameters and application of floating drug delivery systems. These systems are useful to several problems introduced during the formulations of a pharmaceutical dosage form. Keywords: floating drug delivery system, gastro-retention, floating beads, gastric technology

Formulation Development and Evaluation of Floating Wax Beads of Olopatadine Hydrochloride

In this study, a multiple-unit gastroretentive sustain release drug delivery system of Olopatadine hydrochloride was developed from a completely aqueous environment, avoiding the use of any organic solvent, thus releasing the drug for a prolonged duration of time. Emulsion gelation technique was used to prepare beads. The beads with edible oil were prepare by mixing and homogenizing olive oil and water containing pectin and molten wax which was then extruded in to calcium chloride solution. The effects of carnauba wax on drug entrapment efficiency, floating lag time and morphology and drug release was studied. It was found that carnauba wax was sufficient to sustain the drug release at gastric pH. The results show that these beads can entrap drug in sufficient amount and also can successfully deliver the drug in stomach for a prolong duration of time avoiding the use of any organic solvent. Keywords: Gastroretentive, Floating Wax Beads, Olopatadin

Cultures of caste and rural development in the social network of a south Indian village

Cultures of caste in much of rural India have become entangled with institutions of rural development. In community-driven development, emphasis on “local resource persons” and “community spokespersons” has created new opportunities for brokerage and patronage within some villages, which interact with existing forms of authority and community afforded by caste identity and intra-caste headmanship. In this article, we study how these entangled cultures of caste and development translate into social network structures using data on friendship ties from a south Indian village. We find that although caste continues to be important in shaping community structures and leadership in the village’s network, its influence varies across different communities. This fluidity of caste’s influence on community network structures is argued to be the result of multiple distinct yet partially overlapping cultural-political forces, which include sharedness afforded by caste identity and new forms of difference and inequality effected through rural development

Justice at Sea: Fishers’ politics and marine conservation in coastal Odisha, India

This is a paper about the politics of fishing rights in and around the Gahirmatha marine sanctuary in coastal Odisha, in eastern India. Claims to the resources of this sanctuary are politicised through the creation of a particularly damaging narrative by influential Odiya environmental actors about Bengalis, as illegal immigrants who have hurt the ecosystem through their fishing practices. Anchored within a theoretical framework of justice as recognition, the paper considers the making of a regional Odiya environmentalism that is, potentially, deeply exclusionary. It details how an argument about ‘illegal Bengalis’ depriving ‘indigenous Odiyas’ of their legitimate ‘traditional fishing rights’ derives from particular notions of indigeneity and territory. But the paper also shows that such environmentalism is tenuous, and fits uneasily with the everyday social landscape of fishing in coastal Odisha. It concludes that a wider class conflict between small fishers and the state over a sanctuary sets the context in which questions about legitimate resource rights are raised, sometimes with important effects, like when out at sea

Synthesis and biological activity of 7-(2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethoxy)-4-(styryl/4-substituted styryl)-2H-chromen-2-one

1197-1102Incorporation of other hetero-compounds to parent coumarin increases its effectiveness towards its bioactivity. In view of this finding we have synthesized coumarin triazole derivatives. The key synthon used for this reaction pathway are 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one. This substituted coumarin has been refluxed with 1-bromo-2-chloroethane in presence ofanhydrous K2CO3 to afford 7-(2-chloroethoxy)-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one, which has been condensed with triazole to yield4-methyl coumarin triazole derivative by optimising solvent/base pair. 4-Methyl group of coumarin triazole derivative has beencondensed with aromatic aldehydes to afford 7-(2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) ethoxy)-4-(styryl/4-substituted styryl)-2H-chromen-2-one 7a-e. All the synthesized products are characterized using IR and, 1H, 13C NMR, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis.Final synthesized compounds 7a-e have been evaluated for their anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity

Chemically synthesized Bi2S3, CuS and Bi2S3/CuS heterostructure materials as counter electrode: Dye sensitized solar cell application

143-149In the present work, we have successfully synthesized Bi2S3, CuS, and its heterojunction Bi2S3/CuS thin film on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass as counter electrodes. These depositions are done by simple, cost effective, and simply executable sequential chemical bath deposition (S-CBD) method. Well optimized preparative parameters led to the formation of good quality thin films of Bi2S3 and CuS films and heterojunction. The structural validation Bi2S3, CuS, and its heterojunction were achieved by X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering, surface morphological study observed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and topology was confirmed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). We have employed Bi2S3/CuS heterostructure as a counter electrode (CE) in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). We have observed different parameters like short circuit current density (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), Fill Factor (FF) and efficiency (n) by Current–voltage (J-V) characteristics. Though we do not achieve an anticipated outcome for heterostructure compared with conventional Platinum and Carbon black counter electrode, CuS separately found worthy as Counter electrode (CE) in DSSC

Chemically synthesized Bi2S3, CuS and Bi2S3/CuS heterostructure materials as counter electrode: Dye sensitized solar cell application

In the present work, we have successfully synthesized Bi2S3, CuS, and its heterojunction Bi2S3/CuS thin film on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass as counter electrodes. These depositions are done by simple, cost effective, and simply executable sequential chemical bath deposition (S-CBD) method. Well optimized preparative parameters led to the formation of good quality thin films of Bi2S3 and CuS films and heterojunction. The structural validation Bi2S3, CuS, and its heterojunction were achieved by X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering, surface morphological study observed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and topology was confirmed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). We have employed Bi2S3/CuS heterostructure as a counter electrode (CE) in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). We have observed different parameters like short circuit current density (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), Fill Factor (FF) and efficiency (n) by Current–voltage (J-V) characteristics. Though we do not achieve an anticipated outcome for heterostructure compared with conventional Platinum and Carbon black counter electrode, CuS separately found worthy as Counter electrode (CE) in DSSC

Synthesis and biological activity of 7-(2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethoxy)-4-(styryl/4-substituted styryl)-2H-chromen-2-one

Incorporation of other hetero-compounds to parent coumarin increases its effectiveness towards its bioactivity. In view of this finding we have synthesized coumarin triazole derivatives. The key synthon used for this reaction pathway are 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one. This substituted coumarin has been refluxed with 1-bromo-2-chloroethane in presence of anhydrous K2CO3 to afford 7-(2-chloroethoxy)-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one, which has been condensed with triazole to yield 4-methyl coumarin triazole derivative by optimising solvent/base pair. 4-Methyl group of coumarin triazole derivative has been condensed with aromatic aldehydes to afford 7-(2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) ethoxy)-4-(styryl/4-substituted styryl)-2H-chromen-2-one 7a-e. All the synthesized products are characterized using IR and, 1H, 13C NMR, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Final synthesized compounds 7a-e have been evaluated for their anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity.