Des lieux de pèlerinage comme cadres de la mémoire : l’exemple d’un sanctuaire franco-algérien

Cet article s’intéresse à la question du sanctuaire comme cadre de la mémoire, en analysant la transposition d’un lieu de culte marial de l’Algérie à la France, à la suite de l’exil sans retour d’une population dispersée et hétérogène, les Européens d’Algérie, qui vit ses expériences passées comme rejetées de part et d’autre de la Méditerranée. Il s’attache à examiner dans un premier temps les similitudes et les caractéristiques distinctives des deux sanctuaires, lesquelles mettent en lumière les contours d’une relation différentielle au passé. Il conduit dans un second temps à discuter la notion de lieu de mémoire, en suivant les analyses de Maurice Halbwachs sur les relations entre mémoire dite collective, temps et espace.In this article, I would like to examine how a shrine can be viewed as a frame of memory. My purpose is to analyse the rebuilding in France of an Algerian worship place, dedicated to the Virgin, after the exile of the repatriates of Algeria. I will attempt to highlight the distinctions and the similarities between both shrines, in Algeria and in France, in order to grasp the various outlines of the past. Following Maurice Halbwachs’ analyses of relations between social memory, time and space, will lead me to question the notion of « Lieux de mémoire »

Richard Gauthier, Le devenir de l’art d’église dans les paroisses catholiques du Québec. Architecture, arts, pratiques, patrimoine (1965-2002)

L’ouvrage de Richard Gauthier nous invite à explorer l’évolution de l’art d’église au Québec dans les paroisses catholiques, tradition artistique qui a environ quatre cent ans. Cette évolution s’accompagne d’une remise en question de l’héritage tridentain et participe dans le même temps à la fois au renouveau liturgique qui touche alors l’Église avec le concile Vatican II, et le Québec lui-même. Là, à partir des années 1970, s’amorcent des démolitions ou des ventes de biens immobiliers ecclés..

Israel: A Diaspora of Memories

International audienc

Des objets à histoire pour un espace sans « mémoire » Des pèlerins entre Oran et Nîmes

International audienc

Sainte, synecdoque, relique ou trace

Ce texte s'intéresse au culte de Notre-Dame de Santa Cruz à Oran (Algérie) puis à Nîmes (France), à travers l'histoire de la statue de N.-D. de Santa Cruz et de son sanctuaire, dans le cadre de la colonisation française de l'Algérie puis de l'exil des Européens d'Algérie, installés en majorité en France, après l'indépendance de l'Algérie. Il s'agit ici de montrer les multiples facettes de cette statue et les différents bricolages auxquels cette multiplicité donne lieu, de l'Algérie à la France. À travers les rituels qui se déploient autour d'elle, s'articulent différents espaces et rapports au temps, qui viennent, par-delà l'absence de territoire, reconstituer dans le présent une forme de continuité, en lien avec une histoire antérieure.This text deals with the worship of Notre-Dame de Santa Cruz in Algeria (Oran) then in France (Nîmes), after the independence, through the history of its statue and its sanctuary. I would like to grasp and to analyze the multiple dimensions of this statue and the various work-arounds that emerge from this multiplicity, from Algeria to France. Beyond the absence of the lost territory, different spaces and relationships with time are articulated and connected to each other through the rituals which lead to ensure continuity in the present and in connection with the past.Este texto se interesa en el culto de Nuestra Señora de Santa Cruz en Orán (Argelia), y luego en Nîmes (Francia), a través de la historia de la estatua de Nuestra Señora de Santa Cruz y de su santuario, en el marco de la colonización francesa de Argelia y luego del exilio de los europeos de Argelia, instalados en su mayoría en Francia, luego de la independencia de este país. Se trata de mostrar las múltiples facetas de este culto y los diferentes bricolages a los cuales esta multiplicidad ha dado lugar, de Argelia a Francia. A través de los rituales que se despliegan alrededor de la estatua, se articulan distintos espacios y relaciones al tiempo, que vienen, más allá de la ausencia de territorio, a reconstruir en el presente una forma de continuidad en relación con una historia anterior

Direct visualization of mucus production by the cold-water coral <i>Lophelia pertusa</i> with digital holographic microscopy

<i>Lophelia pertusa</i> is the dominant reef-building organism of cold-water coral reefs, and is known to produce significant amounts of mucus, which could involve an important metabolic cost. Mucus is involved in particle removal and feeding processes, yet the triggers and dynamics of mucus production are currently still poorly described because the existing tools to study these processes are not appropriate. Using a novel microscopic technique—digital holographic microscopy (DHM)–we studied the mucus release of <i>L</i>. <i>pertusa</i> under various experimental conditions. DHM technology permits µm-scale observations and allows the visualization of transparent mucoid substances in real time without staining. Fragments of <i>L</i>. <i>pertusa</i> were first maintained in flow-through chambers without stressors and imaged with DHM, then exposed to various stressors (suspended particles, particulate food and air exposure) and re-imaged. Under non-stressed conditions no release of mucus was observed, whilst mucus strings and sheaths were produced in response to suspended particles (activated charcoal and drill cuttings sediment) i.e. in a stressed condition. Mucus strings and so-called ‘string balls’ were also observed in response to exposure to particulate food (brine shrimp <i>Artemia salina</i>). Upon air-exposure, mucus production was clearly visible once the fragments were returned to the flow chamber. Distinct optical properties such as optical path length difference (OPD) were measured with DHM in response to the various stimuli suggesting that different mucus types are produced by <i>L</i>. <i>pertusa</i>. Mucus produced to reject particles is similar in refractive index to the surrounding seawater, suggesting that the energy content of this mucus is low. In contrast, mucus produced in response to either food particle addition or air exposure had a higher refractive index, suggesting a higher metabolic investment in the production of these mucoid substances. This paper shows for the first time the potential of DHM technology for the detection, characterization and quantification of mucus production through OPD measurements in <i>L</i>. <i>pertusa</i>

Sea lice (Lepeophtherius salmonis) detection and quantification around aquaculture installations using environmental DNA

The naturally occurring ectoparasite salmon lice (Lepeophtherirus salmonis) poses a great challenge for the salmon farming industry, as well as for wild salmonids in the Northern hemisphere. To better control the infestation pressure and protect the production, there is a need to provide fish farmers with sensitive and efficient tools for rapid early detection and monitoring of the parasitic load. This can be achieved by targeting L. salmonis DNA in environmental samples. Here, we developed and tested a new L. salmonis specific DNA-based assay (qPCR assay) for detection and quantification from seawater samples using an analytical pipeline compatible with the Environmental Sample Processor (ESP) for autonomous water sample analysis of gene targets. Specificity of the L. salmonis qPCR assay was demonstrated through in-silico DNA analyses covering sequences of different L. salmonis isolates. Seawater was spiked with known numbers of nauplii and copepodite free-swimming (planktonic) stages of L. salmonis to investigate the relationship with the number of marker gene copies (MGC). Finally, field samples collected at different times of the year in the vicinity of a salmon production farm in Western Norway were analyzed for L. salmonis detection and quantification. The assay specificity was high and a high correlation between MGC and planktonic stages of L. salmonis was established in the laboratory conditions. In the field, L. salmonis DNA was consequently detected, but with MGC number below that expected for one copepodite or nauplii. We concluded that only L. salmonis tissue or eDNA residues were detected. This novel study opens for a fully automatized L. salmonis DNA quantification using ESP robotic to monitor the parasitic load, but challenges remain to exactly transfer information about eDNA quantities to decisions by the farmers and possible interventions.publishedVersio

Automatic active acoustic target detection in turbulent aquatic environments

This work is funded by the Environment and Food Security theme Ph.D. studentship from the University of Aberdeen, the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs (Defra grant NE/J004308/1), and the Marine Collaboration Research Forum (MarCRF). We would like to gratefully acknowledge the support from colleagues at Marine Scotland Science.Peer reviewedPublisher PD