Propagation of upstream control measures along a canal pool

A step increase in inflow to a canal pool is routed to its downstream boundary by numerically solving the Saint Venant equations. The wave front deforms as it propagates down the pool, evolving to an evermore-gradually rising form in response to the canal-pool characteristics : length, slope, roughness, cross section, initial flow rate, downstream boundary condition, and degree of checkup. Propagation times of different wave components are obtained for a wide range of pool conditions. The study is performed in dimensionless terms to get the maximum amount of information with minimum effort of calculation and display. The downstream boundary conditions investigated comprised : fixed reservoir elevation, long-crested (essentially constant-head) weirs, and submerged, undershot gates with normal depth downstream, as well as a wide-open gate, such that the downstream boundary condition in the pool was simply normal depth at the local discharge. The stage-discharge relation defining the downstream boundary condition is seen to thave a major influence on the delay in arrival of the bulk of the wave. / On étudie le transfert d'un échelon de débit dans un bief par résolution des équations de Saint Venant. La propagation du front est fonction des caractéristiques du bief : longueur, pente, rugosité, section, conditions initiales, conditions à la limite aval et cote objectif. Les temps de propagation sont étudiés pour d'importantes variations des caractéristiques de biefs. L'étude est faite en adimensionnel pour obtenir un maximum d'information avec un minimum de calcul. Les conditions aval étudiées sont : cote fixé par un réservoir, seuil très long (charge constante), vanne de fond avec condition aval normale, vanne ouverte (condition normale). Le type de condition aval semble le facteur prédominant pour le transfert de débit

Analytical Strategies for Doping Control Purposes: Needs, Challenges, and Perspectives.

The fight against doping in sports has been governed since 1999 by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), an independent institution behind the implementation of the World Anti-Doping Code (Code). The intent of the Code is to protect clean athletes through the harmonization of anti-doping programs at the international level with special attention to detection, deterrence and prevention of doping.1 A new version of the Code came into force on January 1st 2015, introducing, among other improvements, longer periods of sanctioning for athletes (up to four years) and measures to strengthen the role of anti-doping investigations and intelligence. To ensure optimal harmonization, five International Standards covering different technical aspects of the Code are also currently in force: the List of Prohibited Substances and Methods (List), Testing and Investigations, Laboratories, Therapeutic Use Exemptions (TUE) and Protection of Privacy and Personal Information. Adherence to these standards is mandatory for all anti-doping stakeholders to be compliant with the Code. Among these documents, the eighth version of International Standard for Laboratories (ISL), which also came into effect on January 1st 2015, includes regulations for WADA and ISO/IEC 17025 accreditations and their application for urine and blood sample analysis by anti-doping laboratories.2 Specific requirements are also described in several Technical Documents or Guidelines in which various topics are highlighted such as the identification criteria for gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) techniques (IDCR), measurements and reporting of endogenous androgenic anabolic agents (EAAS) and analytical requirements for the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP)

Untargeted profiling of urinary steroid metabolites after testosterone ingestion: opening new perspectives for antidoping testing.

AIM: Antidoping procedures are expected to greatly benefit from untargeted metabolomic approaches through the discovery of new biomarkers of prohibited substances abuse. RESULTS: Endogenous steroid metabolites were monitored in urine samples from a controlled elimination study of testosterone undecanoate after ingestion. A platform coupling ultra-high pressure LC with high-resolution quadrupole TOF MS was used and high between-subject metabolic variability was successfully handled using a multiblock data analysis strategy. Links between specific subsets of metabolites and influential genetic polymorphisms of the UGT2B17 enzyme were highlighted. CONCLUSION: This exploratory metabolomic strategy constitutes a first step toward a better understanding of the underlying patterns driving the high interindividual variability of steroid metabolism. Promising biomarkers were selected for further targeted study