STUDIES ON ENZYME ACTION : XXXV. LIPASE ACTIONS OF EXTRACTS OF TISSUES OF RABBITS AT DIFFERENT AGES.

The ester-hydrolyzing actions of extracts of a number of tissues of rabbits of different ages were studied under comparable conditions. The ages of the rabbits ranged from 8 days before birth to 2162 days. The esters used included phenyl acetate, glyceryl triacetate, methyl butyrate, benzyl acetate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, and isobutyl acetate. The following tissues were studied: kidney, liver, lung, skin, leg muscle, heart muscle, brain, spleen, stomach, and small intestine. The results, as in previous communications, are presented in the form of plots for the relative enzyme actions, and in tables for the absolute actions. The changes in the curves of the relative actions as the rabbits became older are considered in some detail. The relations between the embryonic state of certain tissues, as shown by their enzyme actions, and the adult state, are described, and compared with their physiological behavior. The probable reversion to a type approaching the embryonic for the oldest rabbits studied is indicated with some of the tissues. The changes in the absolute enzyme actions of the tissues as the rabbits became older are also discussed. The absolute actions do not form as regular a progression as do the relative actions but, at the same time, show marked regularities with increasing age of the rabbits

Long-distance dispersal of a sedentary Andean flycatcher species with a small geographic range, Ochthoeca piurae (Aves: Tyrannidae)

We report a Piura Chat-Tyrant (Ochthoeca piurae) ~300 km south of its known range. This record was unanticipated because the species is sedentary and restricted to a narrow eco-climatic zone in valleys of the dry western Andes of northwestern Peru. Southward dispersal would require crossing broad areas of unsuitable habitat. Riparian zones of the western Andes have been heavily impacted by humans over millennia. This observation suggests that native songbirds may be able to expand their distributions along the flanks of the Andes if woody vegetation is protected or restored

NOTES ON THE NEST, BREEDING SEASON, AND ELEVATIONAL RANGE OF A RARE HUMMINGBIRD, THE PURPLE-BACKED SUNBEAM (AGLAEACTIS ALICIAE)

Abstract The breeding biology and phenology of the endangered hummingbird Purple-backed Sunbeam (Aglaeactis aliciae) are not well known. We report observations of nesting A. aliciae near El Molino, in La Libertad Department, Peru. On 11 March 2018, we found a female building a nest while on 10 March 2019 we found an incubating female. We describe specific characteristics of the nest and breeding behavior of nesting females. Based on our observations and that of others, the timing of nesting for this species seems to correspond to the mid-to-late rainy season, extending from at least March to May. Additionally, our sightings suggest a higher upper elevational range limit for this range-restricted Andean hummingbird than previously reported; the elevational range should be considered to be 2900–3700 m a.s.l.Resumen ∙ Notas sobre el nido, temporada reproductiva y rango elevacional del Colibrí de Alicia (Aglaeactis aliciae) La biología reproductiva y la fenología del Colibrí de Alicia (Aglaeactis aliciae) – una especie de colibrí amenazada – son poco conocidas. Aquí reportamos observaciones de nidificación de A. aliciae en El Molino, Departamento La Libertad, Perú. El 11 de marzo de 2018 encontramos una hembra construyendo un nido, mientras que el 10 de marzo de 2019 encontramos a una hembra incubando. Describimos las características del nido y el comportamiento reproductivo de las hembras. En base a nuestras observaciones e información previa sugerimos que la temporada de nidificación se desarrolla desde mediados a fines de la temporada húmeda, extendiéndose desde marzo a mayo. Nuestras observaciones también indican que la especie se encuentra a mayores altitudes que lo reportado previamente y que su rango altitudinal seria 2900–3700 m s.n.m

Methods for direct determination of mitomycin C in aqueous solutions and in urine

Stripping voltammetry (SV) is used to quantitatively determine concentrations of the anti-neoplastic drug mitomycin C (MMC) alone and in mixtures with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin, both of which are used in combined chemotherapy with MMC. If the accumulation is performed at the potentials of MMC reduction (-0.35 V vs. SCE), reduced MMC is strongly adsorbed at the electrode. It is possible to prepare a MMC-modified electrode, which, after a washing step, is transferred to the background electrolyte to determine MMC by voltammetry. This procedure, which is termed transfer stripping voltammetry (TSV), helps to eliminate interferences and can be applied for a direct determination of MMC alone or in mixtures with other drugs in urine

Efficacy and safety of topical oxymetazoline cream 1.0% for the treatment of facial erythema associated with rosacea: Findings from the second of 2 pivotal trials

Introduction: A phase 3 pivotal trial examined the efficacy and safety of oxymetazoline, a specific α1A-adrenoceptor agonist, for treatment of moderate to severe persistent facial erythema associated with rosacea. Methods: In this multicenter double-blind trial, eligible patients were randomized 1:1 to receive vehicle or oxymetazoline hydrochloride cream 1.0% (oxymetazoline) applied topically to the face once daily for 29 days. The primary efficacy outcome was the proportion of patients with ≥2-grade decrease from baseline on Clinician Erythema Assessment (CEA) and Subject Self-Assessment (SSA) at 3, 6, 9, and 12 hours postdose on day 29. Safety assessments included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), inflammatory lesions, dermal tolerability, and posttreatment rebound erythema (defined as composite CEA/SSA increase of 1-grade severity from baseline). Results: A total of 445 eligible patients (mean age: 50.3 years; 78.7% females) were randomized (oxymetazoline, n = 224; vehicle, n = 221). Most patients had moderate erythema (CEA: 84.0%; SSA: 91.5%). On day 29, the proportions of patients achieving ≥2-grade composite improvement in both CEA/SSA at 3, 6, 9, and 12 hours postdose were significantly greater with oxymetazoline vs vehicle at each time point ( P ≤ .03) and overall ( P = .001). Improvements in individual CEA and SEA components were also significantly greater with oxymetazoline vs vehicle on day 29 (overall P = .011). Incidences of TEAEs were low (oxymetazoline: 25.1%; placebo: 21.3%); most were mild or moderate in severity. The most common TEAEs with oxymetazoline and vehicle, respectively, were rosacea (3.1% [related to papules and/or pustules in all 7 patients] and 0.5% [inflammatory flare of rosacea in 1 patient]), application-site pruritus (1.8%, 1.8%), application-site dermatitis (1.8%, 0.0%), and headache (1.8%, 4.1%). Discontinuations due to TEAEs were low (oxymetazoline: 2.7%; vehicle: 0.5%). No clinically meaningful between-group differences were observed for worsening of inflammatory lesions or dermal tolerability. Following treatment cessation, low proportions of patients experienced rebound erythema (oxymetazoline: 1.2%; vehicle: 0.0%). Conclusion: Topical oxymetazoline was safe and effective in the treatment of moderate to severe persistent facial erythema associated with rosacea. There was no apparent rebound effect following cessation of oxymetazoline treatment compared with that experienced following cessation of vehicle treatment

WITHDRAWN: Efficacy and safety of topical oxymetazoline cream 1.0% for treatment of persistent facial erythema associated with rosacea: findings from the 2 phase 3, 29-day, randomized, controlled REVEAL trials

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