PRAÇA DA MATRIZ DE PORTO ALEGRE: Construindo um relato visual da evolução da paisagem urbana da Praça

[EN] The Porto Alegre's Praça da Matriz (Marechal Deodoro's Square) urban evolution study has shown to be a rich theme that raises several approaches. This research has followed us for some years and has already resulted in two monographs that refined our perception of the architecture, square and city's formal transformations. The historical material, essay and iconographic's research never is running out, with emphasis on the translation of this evolution through images, we understand that all knowledge is perceptive and that produce visual information to reveal the urban process by which the square passed through is one of the essential ways and the one that has became our path. We have created, through maps and images, eight decisive historical periods virtual models of the site's transforming formal process ownership and we start from the idea that there is a mutual contamination of formal qualities of the space and its surronding buildings, as well as a mutual impact when new features are established, resulting in new uses and we seek to demonstrate it in the master's work. Now we are continuing and deepening in this questioning and we seek to counteract in a more forceful way the models of each historical period. For this work, from the models already built we will sip the possible visual production and develop new digital simulations that compare the same spaces (identical points of view) at different times and propose a historical serial vision, in which the observer moves through models in time and space, impacting the perception of this changing environment with the visual language. We continue to understand the formal and spatial configurations of the square as one of the important faces in understanding the architecture and the city's evolution and demonstrate them by graphic signs, materializing these processes, especially through the drawing (or redrawing), either by the traditional way (paper and pencil), but primarily through the use of computational tools, is our method of developing this thesis. Keywords: Square Marechal Deodoro - Porto Alegre, architectural form, urban morphology, digital simulations.[ES] El estudio de la evolución urbana de la Praça da Matriz de Porto Alegre (Praça Marechal Deodoro) ha demostrado ser un rico tema de investigación que sobre el que he planteado una serie de enfoques distintos. El trabajo desarrollado durante varios años ha dado lugar a dos monografías que han permitido profundizar en el conocimiento de las transformaciones formales de la arquitectura de la plaza y de la ciudad de Porto Alegre. La investigación sobre su historia, textos documentales y material iconográfico ha permitido traducir esta evolución a través de imágenes gráficas. Entendemos que todo conocimiento es perceptivo y así he producido la información gráfica necesaria para revelar el proceso urbano mediante el cual el espacio primitivo que ocupaba la plaza se ha ido transformando hasta llegar a la situación actual. Creado a partir de mapas e imágenes, ocho modelos virtuales de períodos históricos decisivos muestran el proceso formal de la transformación del sitio, partiendo de la idea de que siempre hay una contaminación mutua entre las cualidades formales del espacio y sus edificios, así como el impacto mutuo que se establece cuando surgen nuevas funciones que dan lugar a nuevos usos, tal como se recoge en mi trabajo del "Mestrado". La tesis que desarrollo recoge esta cuestión elaborando un análisis comparativo de los modelos de cada período histórico. Para este trabajo y a partir de los modelos ya construidos, desarrollamos nuevas simulaciones digitales que comparan las mismas zonas (las mismas vistas) en diferentes momentos, proponiendo una visión seriada a través de la historia, en la que el espectador se mueve a través de modelos en el tiempo y en el espacio, lo que permite la percepción visual de este entorno cambiante. Continuamos entendiendo las configuraciones formales y espaciales de la plaza como una de las facetas importantes para la comprensión de la evolución de su arquitectura y también de la ciudad, siempre a través del lenguaje gráfico, materializando este proceso a través del dibujo, bien con los medios tradicionales (papel lápiz) pero principalmente con las herramientas que proporciona la actual informática gráfica. Palabras clave: Plaza Marechal Deodoro - Porto Alegre, la forma arquitectónica, la morfología urbana, las simulaciones digitales.[CA] L'estudi de l'evolució urbana de la "Praça da Matriz" de Porto Alegre (Praça Marechal Deodoro) ha demostrat ser un ric tema d'investigació sobre el qual he plantejat una sèrie d'enfocaments distints. El treball desenvolupat durant diversos anys ha donat lloc a dos monografies les quals han permés aprofundir en el coneixement de les transformacions formals de l'arquitectura de la plaça i de la ciutat de Porto Alegre. La investigació sobre la seua història, textos documentals i material iconogràfic, ha permés traduir aquesta evolució a través d'imatges gràfiques. Entenem que tot coneixement és perceptiu i així he produït la informació gràfica necessària per a revelar el procés urbà per mitjà del qual l'espai primitiu que va ocupar la plaça s'ha anat transformant fins a arribar a la situació actual. Creat a partir de mapes i imatges, huit models virtuals de períodes històrics decisius mostren el procés formal de la transformació del lloc, partint de la idea que sempre hi ha una contaminació mútua entre les qualitats formals de l'espai i els seus edificis, així com l'impacte mutu que s'establix quan sorgixen noves funcions les quals donen lloc a nous usos, tal com s'arreplega al meu treball de "Mestrado". La tesi que desenvolupe arreplega aquesta qüestió elaborant una anàlisi comparativa dels models de cada període històric. Per a aquest treball, i a partir del models ja construïts, desenvolupem noves simulacions digitals les quals comparen les mateixes zones (les mateixes vistes) en diferents temps, proposant una visió seriosa a través de la història, en la qual l'espectador es mou a través de models en el temps i en l'espai, el que permet la percepció visual d'aquest entorn canviant. Continuem entenent les configuracions formals i espacials de la plaça com una de les facetes importants per a la comprensió de l'evolució de la seua arquitectura i també de la ciutat, sempre a través del llenguatge gràfic, materialitzant aquest procés a través del dibuix, bé amb els mitjans tradicionals(paper llapis) però principalment amb les ferramentes que proporciona l'actual informàtica gràfica. Palabras clave: Plaza Marechal Deodoro - Porto Alegre, la forma arquitectónica, la morfología urbana, las simulaciones digitales.Kling Petry Battastini, D. (2016). PRAÇA DA MATRIZ DE PORTO ALEGRE: Construindo um relato visual da evolução da paisagem urbana da Praça [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/61455TESI

Effects of physical exercise on the functionality of human nucleotidases : a systematic review

Nucleotidases contribute to the regulation of inflammation, coagulation, and cardiovascular activity. Exercise promotes biological adaptations, but its effects on nucleotidase activities and expression are unclear. The objective of this study was to review systematically the effects of exercise on nucleotidase functionality in healthy and unhealthy subjects. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify, randomized clinical trials, non-randomized clinical trials, uncontrolled clinical trials, quasi-experimental, pre-, and post-interventional studies that evaluated the effects of exercise on nucleotidases in humans, and was not limited by language and date. Two independent reviewers performed the study selection, data extraction, and assessment of risk of bias. Of the 203 articles identified, 12 were included in this review. Eight studies reported that acute exercise, in healthy and unhealthy subjects, elevated the activities or expression of nucleotidases. Four studies evaluated the effects of chronic training on nucleotidase activities in the platelets and lymphocytes of patients with metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease, and hypertension and found a decrease in nucleotidase activities in these conditions. Acute and chronic exercise was able to modify the blood plasma and serum levels of nucleotides and nucleosides. Our results suggest that short- and long-term exercise modulate nucleotidase functionality. As such, purinergic signaling may represent a novel molecular adaptation in inflammatory, thrombotic, and vascular responses to exercise

Effects of restraint stress on the daily rhythm of hydrolysis of adenine nucleotides in rat serum

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP) and its breakdown products ADP and adenosine can act as extracellular messengers in a range of biological processes. Extracellular adenine nucleotides are metabolized by a number of enzymes including NTPDases and 5'-nucleotidase, which are considered to be the major regulators of purinergic signaling in the blood. Previous work by our group demonstrated that ATPase and ADPase activities in rat serum exhibit a 24-h temporal pattern, with higher enzyme activity during the dark (activity) phase. It was found that stress can cause disruptions in biological circadian rhythms and in the cardiovascular system. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the influence of acute stress exposure upon temporal patterns of NTPDase and 5-nucleotidase enzyme activities in rat blood serum.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: ZT0, ZT6, ZT12 and ZT18. Each group was subdivided in 4 groups: control, immediately, 6 h and 24 h after one hour of restraint stress. ATP, ADP and AMP hydrolysis were assayed in the serum.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>All stressed groups showed significant decreases in all enzyme activities at ZT 12 and ZT 18 when compared with control.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Acute stress provokes a decrease in nucleotidase activities dependent on the time that this stress occurs and this effect appears to persist for at least 24 hours. Stress can change levels of nucleotides, related to increased frequency of cardiovascular events during the activity phase. Altered levels of nucleotides in serum may be involved in cardiovascular events more frequent during the activity phase in mammals, and with their etiology linked to stress.</p

Morphine treatment alters nucleotidase activities in rat blood serum

Morphine has been widely used in neonatal pain management. However, this treatment may produce adaptive changes in several physiologic systems. Our laboratory has demonstrated that morphine treatment in neonate rats alters nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase) activity and gene expression in central nervous system structures. Considering the relationship between the opioid and purinergic systems, our aim was to verify whether treatment with morphine from postnatal days 8 (P8) through 14 (P14) at a dose of 5 μg per day alters NTPDase and 5′-nucleotidase activities in rat serum over the short, medium, and long terms. After the in vivo assay, the morphine group showed increased hydrolysis of all nucleotides at P30, and a decrease in adenosine 5′-diphosphate hydrolysis at P60. Moreover, we found that nucleotidase activities change with age; adenosine 5′-triphosphate hydrolysis activity was lower at P16, and adenosine 5′-monophosphate hydrolysis activity was higher at P60. These changes are very important because these enzymes are the main regulators of blood nucleotide levels and, consequently, nucleotide signaling. Our findings showed that in vivo morphine treatment alters nucleotide hydrolysis in rat blood serum, suggesting that purine homeostasis can be influenced by opioid treatment during the neonatal period

Extração de uma ATP difosfohidrolase (EC 3.6.1.5) de membrana sináptica de cérebro de ratos por triton X-114

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