Socio-Economic Factors Affecting the Family Size

This study was conducted to explore the socio-economic factor responsible for family size in the six most populous country of the world, Pakistan. Family size refers to the number of children acceptable in a particular society and aligned with societal norms. It can vary from society to society. Increase in population has always been a challenge in Pakistan. Moreover, literate people prefer small family size compared to the illiterate people. Major objective of this cross sectional quantitative study was to examine the socio-economic factors affecting the family size. Multistage sampling technique was used to draw out the sample of 384 workers from small industrial estate of Gujranwala and interview schedule was used to collect data. Statistical analysis of data was made by using SPSS. The study concluded that age of husband, education of couple, and their monthly household income were significantly associated with family size. The results also elaborated that family size was small in educated couples particularly among businessmen, government servants and large in illiterate poor families

Socio-Economic Factors Affecting the Family Size

This study was conducted to explore the socio-economic factor responsible for family size in the six most populous country of the world, Pakistan. Family size refers to the number of children acceptable in a particular society and aligned with societal norms. It can vary from society to society. Increase in population has always been a challenge in Pakistan. Moreover, literate people prefer small family size compared to the illiterate people. Major objective of this cross sectional quantitative study was to examine the socio-economic factors affecting the family size. Multistage sampling technique was used to draw out the sample of 384 workers from small industrial estate of Gujranwala and interview schedule was used to collect data. Statistical analysis of data was made by using SPSS. The study concluded that age of husband, education of couple, and their monthly household income were significantly associated with family size. The results also elaborated that family size was small in educated couples particularly among businessmen, government servants and large in illiterate poor families

Role of Father in Child Personality Development: Evidence from Pakistan

A number of studies have established an association between poor role modeling of the parents and children's behavior. The existing study focuses on the father's role in the development of the personality of the children (n = 400) aged 10 to 19 years in 4 urban towns of Faisalabad. The integrated approach was employed for data collection. Results showed that it is not possible to develop quality if there is no time to do it, but no amount of quantity can compensate for poor quality. Chi-square value (20.218) showed a highly significant association (P = 0.000) between the positive role of the father and positive child personality development. Focus group discussions were conducted with numerous respondents. When fathers are included in the lives of their children, particularly their training, children take in more, perform better in school, and show more beneficial conduct

The Social Impact of Substance Abuse on Males livelihood in Punjab, Pakistan

Substance abuse is a dependence on a legal or illegal drug or medication. Substance abuse is a worldwide growing problematic situation and one of the major problems affecting male livelihood. During the phase of addiction, a person is unable to control his drug intakes and usually continues to use drugs regardless of the harm it causes. This study was designed to explore the impacts of substance use on male’s livelihood. This study has carried out in two districts of Punjab. A sample of 400 respondents was drawn to explore the study goals using a conducive sampling technique. In order to evaluate the research sample, descriptive (frequency distribution) and inferential (chi-square) statistics were enforced. The research discovered that 38.0 percent of the substance abusers were up to 25 years of age while 40.5 percent of addicts were nuclear family members. Approximately 49.5 % and 48.8 % were unmarried and married respectively. Various factors such as nuclear family structure, bigger family size and low level of education play a significant role in drug abusers’ lives. The study concluded that drug use leads to domestic violence, the alliance between drug use, unemployment and poverty is also clear; drug users’ family members said that 60 percent of consumers who were employed before drugs had afterwards lost their jobs. Furthermore, almost 50 percent of the family members interviewed said that they had been forced by drug consumers to borrow money as a result of drug and almost 70 percent said that they had confronted financial complications as a result of that drug use. It is suggested that peer groups and family behaviors affected the livelihood of substance abusers

Grade Inflation and Human Capital Accumulation among Pakistani University Students

The central objective of current study was exploring the level of school acquired human capital. To understand the human capital and grade inflation, 2 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted. To measure school based human capital students were asked to write an essay on a given topic. These essays, FGDs and a brief questionnaire about background constituted the data for this study. This data was analyzed using mixed-methods content analysis. Data analysis generated four important themes related to human capital that are Grade inflation and quality of learning, General Knowledge abilities, Presentation and coherence and Writing skills. It was found that performance of students with CGPA more than group mean perform like those below the group mean. The mean values of group CGPA were also high as 3.46 for Punjab University and 3.77 for Government college University Faisalabad.  The content analysis disclosed that similar mistakes are made by students in both categories. This raised serious reservations on the human capital of the students. This also shows the problem of grade inflation. In order to overcome these problems assessment systems, need reforms where actual capabilities of the students can be measured.&nbsp

The Social Impact of Substance Abuse on Males livelihood in Punjab, Pakistan

Substance abuse is a dependence on a legal or illegal drug or medication. Substance abuse is a worldwide growing problematic situation and one of the major problems affecting male livelihood. During the phase of addiction, a person is unable to control his drug intakes and usually continues to use drugs regardless of the harm it causes. This study was designed to explore the impacts of substance use on male’s livelihood. This study has carried out in two districts of Punjab. A sample of 400 respondents was drawn to explore the study goals using a conducive sampling technique. In order to evaluate the research sample, descriptive (frequency distribution) and inferential (chi-square) statistics were enforced. The research discovered that 38.0 percent of the substance abusers were up to 25 years of age while 40.5 percent of addicts were nuclear family members. Approximately 49.5 % and 48.8 % were unmarried and married respectively. Various factors such as nuclear family structure, bigger family size and low level of education play a significant role in drug abusers’ lives. The study concluded that drug use leads to domestic violence, the alliance between drug use, unemployment and poverty is also clear; drug users’ family members said that 60 percent of consumers who were employed before drugs had afterwards lost their jobs. Furthermore, almost 50 percent of the family members interviewed said that they had been forced by drug consumers to borrow money as a result of drug and almost 70 percent said that they had confronted financial complications as a result of that drug use. It is suggested that peer groups and family behaviors affected the livelihood of substance abusers

A Comparative Study of Rural Drinking Water Supply Schemes in District Muzaffargarh, Pakistan

This study was conducted to evaluate the comparison between functional and non-functional rural drinking water supply schemes and to find out the reasons behind the non-functional rural drinking water supply schemes. For this purpose total 13 rural drinking water supply schemes (Functional 10 numbers out of 37 and Non Functional 03 out of 12) were randomly selected in study area. The respondents were the users of these water supply schemes and community based organizations (CBOs). The data were collected through comprehensive questionnaire. The total sample size was 169, out of that 130 respondents represented functional water supply schemes, whereas 39 respondents represented non-functional water supply schemes. The study showed that due to the installation of water supply schemes water borne diseases had been controlled and community improved their health as compared to the area where water supply schemes were found non-functional, as a result health of the inhabitants was poor.  Forty one percent respondents were using sweet water, 28% were using contaminated water and 31% were using brackish water before the installation of water supply schemes. The study showed that 88% water supply schemes were constructed on need based and 12% water supply schemes were not installed on need based. The main reason of the non-functioning of the water supply schemes was non-payment of WAPDA dues and power failure. The study recommended that there should be technical and financial assistance by the water and sanitation related institutions like Public Health Engineering Department and TMAs. NGOs should play their role regarding awareness campaigns, training related to management and health & hygiene practices. Keywords: Rural, Drinking water, Supply scheme