13 research outputs found
A Framework for Virtual Training in Crisis Context and a Focus on the Animation Component: The Gamemaster Workshop
Critical infrastructures, historical places, and sensitive buildings are vulnerable to crises, from natural to man-made disasters. Public institutions and practitioners have to train, before the occurrence of a major event, to be prepared to respond to the crisis. These sites are difficult to vacate just to perform exercises. To propose training adapted to the needs the trainer have to create an exercise dedicated to the aimed skills. Stakeholders responding to high-risk situations are asking for new ways to train and compensate for the weaknesses of existing training approaches. The research work presented in this paper concerns the design of immersive environments that can be used to create, implement and simulate crisis scenarios to improve collaborative training
Intégrer les contributions citoyennes aux dispositifs de gestion de crise : l'apport des médias sociaux
The management of civil security crises is the responsibility of a set of institutions and professional actors. However, the growing use of social media asserts the major role played by citizens in its implementation.From an interdisciplinary approach (information and communication sciences, computer sciences), our work proposes to study the integration of citizensâ contributions to crisis management systems, especially via social media. This research contributes to the field of crisis informatics. It is presented according to four thematic axes: i) the use of social media by citizen communities in crisis situations, ii) the practices of professional actors regarding the integration of citizen contributions, iii) the opportunities to reinforce interactions between professionals and citizens in crisis management, and iv) the integration of citizen initiatives within a software tool to orchestrate the response.First, our work presents how citizens appropriate social media functionalities to meet specific needs in crisis situations. We reconsider the notion of volunteerism in crisis management and map the diversity of citizen contributions that can be perceived via social media.Secondly, we study how the practices of the actors of French departmental fire and rescue services (SDIS) integrate this emergence of citizen contributions. Although we note a certain maturity in the use of social media in crisis management units, we observe certain reticence that hinders their adoption. When it comes to integrating citizen initiatives into response operations, SDIS professionals are generally reluctant to involve citizens in their rescue missions. However, the local level seems more appropriate for the involvement of volunteers.Thirdly, our research presents areas of work and reflection to support the civil security institutions in a better integration of citizensâ contributions. It brings theoretical considerations on the collaborative aspects of interactions between professionals and citizens.Fourthly, our work proposes to model the concept of citizen initiative, and to set up orchestration modes for their integration within the R-IO Suite software. Through a case study implemented in the software, we demonstrate the possibilities for a crisis management unit to lead a crisis response involving both professional and citizen actors.Si la gestion des crises de sĂ©curitĂ© civile incombe Ă un ensemble dâinstitutions et dâacteurs professionnels, lâutilisation grandissante des mĂ©dias sociaux affirme le rĂŽle majeur jouĂ© par les citoyens dans sa mise en Ćuvre. Ă partir dâune approche interdisciplinaire (sciences de lâinformation et de la communication, sciences informatiques), nos travaux proposent dâĂ©tudier lâintĂ©gration des contributions citoyennes aux dispositifs de gestion de crise, et ce en particulier via les mĂ©dias sociaux. Ces travaux sâinscrivent dans le champ des crisis informatics, et se prĂ©sentent selon quatre axes thĂ©matiques : i) lâutilisation des mĂ©dias sociaux par les communautĂ©s citoyennes en situation de crise, ii) les pratiques des acteurs professionnels sur lâintĂ©gration des contributions citoyennes, iii) les opportunitĂ©s pour renforcer les interactions professionnels-citoyens en gestion de crise, et iv) lâintĂ©gration des initiatives citoyennes au sein dâun outil logiciel pour lâorchestration de la rĂ©ponse. PremiĂšrement, nos travaux prĂ©sentent comment les citoyens sâapproprient les fonctionnalitĂ©s des mĂ©dias sociaux pour rĂ©pondre Ă des besoins spĂ©cifiques en situation de crise. Ils amĂšnent Ă reconsidĂ©rer la notion de volontariat en gestion de crise, et dressent une cartographie de la diversitĂ© des contributions citoyennes qui peuvent ĂȘtre perçues via les mĂ©dias sociaux. DeuxiĂšmement, nous Ă©tudions comment les pratiques des acteurs des Services DĂ©partementaux dâIncendie et de Secours (SDIS) intĂšgrent cette Ă©mergence de contributions citoyennes. Si lâon note une certaine maturitĂ© dans lâusage des mĂ©dias sociaux en cellule de crise, on observe toutefois certaines rĂ©ticences qui freinent leur adoption. Pour lâintĂ©gration des initiatives citoyennes sur le terrain, les professionnels des SDIS sont gĂ©nĂ©ralement frileux Ă lâidĂ©e dâimpliquer les citoyens dans leurs missions de secours. En revanche, lâĂ©chelle communale semble plus propice Ă la prise en charge des volontaires.TroisiĂšmement, nos recherches amĂšnent des axes de travail et de rĂ©flexion pour accompagner les institutions de sĂ©curitĂ© civile dans une meilleure intĂ©gration des contributions citoyennes. Ils amĂšnent alors des rĂ©flexions thĂ©oriques sur la portĂ©e collaborative de ces interactions entre professionnels et citoyens.QuatriĂšmement, nos travaux proposent de modĂ©liser la notion dâinitiative citoyenne, et de mettre en place des modes dâorchestration de leur intĂ©gration au sein du logiciel R-IO Suite. Avec lâappui dâun cas dâĂ©tude, ils illustrent les possibilitĂ©s pour une cellule de crise de piloter une gestion de crise qui implique acteurs professionnels et acteurs citoyens
Intégrer les contributions citoyennes aux dispositifs de gestion de crise
International audienc
Integrating citizens' contributions to crisis management : the benefits of social media
Si la gestion des crises de sĂ©curitĂ© civile incombe Ă un ensemble dâinstitutions et dâacteurs professionnels, lâutilisation grandissante des mĂ©dias sociaux affirme le rĂŽle majeur jouĂ© par les citoyens dans sa mise en Ćuvre. Ă partir dâune approche interdisciplinaire (sciences de lâinformation et de la communication, sciences informatiques), nos travaux proposent dâĂ©tudier lâintĂ©gration des contributions citoyennes aux dispositifs de gestion de crise, et ce en particulier via les mĂ©dias sociaux. Ces travaux sâinscrivent dans le champ des crisis informatics, et se prĂ©sentent selon quatre axes thĂ©matiques : i) lâutilisation des mĂ©dias sociaux par les communautĂ©s citoyennes en situation de crise, ii) les pratiques des acteurs professionnels sur lâintĂ©gration des contributions citoyennes, iii) les opportunitĂ©s pour renforcer les interactions professionnels-citoyens en gestion de crise, et iv) lâintĂ©gration des initiatives citoyennes au sein dâun outil logiciel pour lâorchestration de la rĂ©ponse. PremiĂšrement, nos travaux prĂ©sentent comment les citoyens sâapproprient les fonctionnalitĂ©s des mĂ©dias sociaux pour rĂ©pondre Ă des besoins spĂ©cifiques en situation de crise. Ils amĂšnent Ă reconsidĂ©rer la notion de volontariat en gestion de crise, et dressent une cartographie de la diversitĂ© des contributions citoyennes qui peuvent ĂȘtre perçues via les mĂ©dias sociaux. DeuxiĂšmement, nous Ă©tudions comment les pratiques des acteurs des Services DĂ©partementaux dâIncendie et de Secours (SDIS) intĂšgrent cette Ă©mergence de contributions citoyennes. Si lâon note une certaine maturitĂ© dans lâusage des mĂ©dias sociaux en cellule de crise, on observe toutefois certaines rĂ©ticences qui freinent leur adoption. Pour lâintĂ©gration des initiatives citoyennes sur le terrain, les professionnels des SDIS sont gĂ©nĂ©ralement frileux Ă lâidĂ©e dâimpliquer les citoyens dans leurs missions de secours. En revanche, lâĂ©chelle communale semble plus propice Ă la prise en charge des volontaires.TroisiĂšmement, nos recherches amĂšnent des axes de travail et de rĂ©flexion pour accompagner les institutions de sĂ©curitĂ© civile dans une meilleure intĂ©gration des contributions citoyennes. Ils amĂšnent alors des rĂ©flexions thĂ©oriques sur la portĂ©e collaborative de ces interactions entre professionnels et citoyens.QuatriĂšmement, nos travaux proposent de modĂ©liser la notion dâinitiative citoyenne, et de mettre en place des modes dâorchestration de leur intĂ©gration au sein du logiciel R-IO Suite. Avec lâappui dâun cas dâĂ©tude, ils illustrent les possibilitĂ©s pour une cellule de crise de piloter une gestion de crise qui implique acteurs professionnels et acteurs citoyens.The management of civil security crises is the responsibility of a set of institutions and professional actors. However, the growing use of social media asserts the major role played by citizens in its implementation.From an interdisciplinary approach (information and communication sciences, computer sciences), our work proposes to study the integration of citizensâ contributions to crisis management systems, especially via social media. This research contributes to the field of crisis informatics. It is presented according to four thematic axes: i) the use of social media by citizen communities in crisis situations, ii) the practices of professional actors regarding the integration of citizen contributions, iii) the opportunities to reinforce interactions between professionals and citizens in crisis management, and iv) the integration of citizen initiatives within a software tool to orchestrate the response.First, our work presents how citizens appropriate social media functionalities to meet specific needs in crisis situations. We reconsider the notion of volunteerism in crisis management and map the diversity of citizen contributions that can be perceived via social media.Secondly, we study how the practices of the actors of French departmental fire and rescue services (SDIS) integrate this emergence of citizen contributions. Although we note a certain maturity in the use of social media in crisis management units, we observe certain reticence that hinders their adoption. When it comes to integrating citizen initiatives into response operations, SDIS professionals are generally reluctant to involve citizens in their rescue missions. However, the local level seems more appropriate for the involvement of volunteers.Thirdly, our research presents areas of work and reflection to support the civil security institutions in a better integration of citizensâ contributions. It brings theoretical considerations on the collaborative aspects of interactions between professionals and citizens.Fourthly, our work proposes to model the concept of citizen initiative, and to set up orchestration modes for their integration within the R-IO Suite software. Through a case study implemented in the software, we demonstrate the possibilities for a crisis management unit to lead a crisis response involving both professional and citizen actors
Intégrer les contributions citoyennes aux dispositifs de gestion de crise : l'apport des médias sociaux
The management of civil security crises is the responsibility of a set of institutions and professional actors. However, the growing use of social media asserts the major role played by citizens in its implementation.From an interdisciplinary approach (information and communication sciences, computer sciences), our work proposes to study the integration of citizensâ contributions to crisis management systems, especially via social media. This research contributes to the field of crisis informatics. It is presented according to four thematic axes: i) the use of social media by citizen communities in crisis situations, ii) the practices of professional actors regarding the integration of citizen contributions, iii) the opportunities to reinforce interactions between professionals and citizens in crisis management, and iv) the integration of citizen initiatives within a software tool to orchestrate the response.First, our work presents how citizens appropriate social media functionalities to meet specific needs in crisis situations. We reconsider the notion of volunteerism in crisis management and map the diversity of citizen contributions that can be perceived via social media.Secondly, we study how the practices of the actors of French departmental fire and rescue services (SDIS) integrate this emergence of citizen contributions. Although we note a certain maturity in the use of social media in crisis management units, we observe certain reticence that hinders their adoption. When it comes to integrating citizen initiatives into response operations, SDIS professionals are generally reluctant to involve citizens in their rescue missions. However, the local level seems more appropriate for the involvement of volunteers.Thirdly, our research presents areas of work and reflection to support the civil security institutions in a better integration of citizensâ contributions. It brings theoretical considerations on the collaborative aspects of interactions between professionals and citizens.Fourthly, our work proposes to model the concept of citizen initiative, and to set up orchestration modes for their integration within the R-IO Suite software. Through a case study implemented in the software, we demonstrate the possibilities for a crisis management unit to lead a crisis response involving both professional and citizen actors.Si la gestion des crises de sĂ©curitĂ© civile incombe Ă un ensemble dâinstitutions et dâacteurs professionnels, lâutilisation grandissante des mĂ©dias sociaux affirme le rĂŽle majeur jouĂ© par les citoyens dans sa mise en Ćuvre. Ă partir dâune approche interdisciplinaire (sciences de lâinformation et de la communication, sciences informatiques), nos travaux proposent dâĂ©tudier lâintĂ©gration des contributions citoyennes aux dispositifs de gestion de crise, et ce en particulier via les mĂ©dias sociaux. Ces travaux sâinscrivent dans le champ des crisis informatics, et se prĂ©sentent selon quatre axes thĂ©matiques : i) lâutilisation des mĂ©dias sociaux par les communautĂ©s citoyennes en situation de crise, ii) les pratiques des acteurs professionnels sur lâintĂ©gration des contributions citoyennes, iii) les opportunitĂ©s pour renforcer les interactions professionnels-citoyens en gestion de crise, et iv) lâintĂ©gration des initiatives citoyennes au sein dâun outil logiciel pour lâorchestration de la rĂ©ponse. PremiĂšrement, nos travaux prĂ©sentent comment les citoyens sâapproprient les fonctionnalitĂ©s des mĂ©dias sociaux pour rĂ©pondre Ă des besoins spĂ©cifiques en situation de crise. Ils amĂšnent Ă reconsidĂ©rer la notion de volontariat en gestion de crise, et dressent une cartographie de la diversitĂ© des contributions citoyennes qui peuvent ĂȘtre perçues via les mĂ©dias sociaux. DeuxiĂšmement, nous Ă©tudions comment les pratiques des acteurs des Services DĂ©partementaux dâIncendie et de Secours (SDIS) intĂšgrent cette Ă©mergence de contributions citoyennes. Si lâon note une certaine maturitĂ© dans lâusage des mĂ©dias sociaux en cellule de crise, on observe toutefois certaines rĂ©ticences qui freinent leur adoption. Pour lâintĂ©gration des initiatives citoyennes sur le terrain, les professionnels des SDIS sont gĂ©nĂ©ralement frileux Ă lâidĂ©e dâimpliquer les citoyens dans leurs missions de secours. En revanche, lâĂ©chelle communale semble plus propice Ă la prise en charge des volontaires.TroisiĂšmement, nos recherches amĂšnent des axes de travail et de rĂ©flexion pour accompagner les institutions de sĂ©curitĂ© civile dans une meilleure intĂ©gration des contributions citoyennes. Ils amĂšnent alors des rĂ©flexions thĂ©oriques sur la portĂ©e collaborative de ces interactions entre professionnels et citoyens.QuatriĂšmement, nos travaux proposent de modĂ©liser la notion dâinitiative citoyenne, et de mettre en place des modes dâorchestration de leur intĂ©gration au sein du logiciel R-IO Suite. Avec lâappui dâun cas dâĂ©tude, ils illustrent les possibilitĂ©s pour une cellule de crise de piloter une gestion de crise qui implique acteurs professionnels et acteurs citoyens
Intégrer les contributions citoyennes aux dispositifs de gestion de crise
International audienc
Médias sociaux et résilience collective : la mobilisation des makers pendant la crise de Covid-19
International audienc
Ethical, legal and social considerations surrounding the use of Facebook groups during Hurricane Irma in Cuba
International audienceWhile Hurricane Irma struck the Cuban Southern coasts, thousands of tourists were evacuated from this area and relocated in the Varadero peninsula. In a couple of days, all means for families and friends to connect with the tourists were down, leaving them without any information about the on-site situation. This paper focuses on the volunteer citizensâ initiative to take advantage of social media, to enhance their own situational awareness in Varadero area, supporting fellow citizens to identify and localize their relatives. In particular, two Facebook groups that were created at the time are analyzed and their messagesâ content and objectives categorized. We will show that once more, social media has constituted opportunities for citizens to engage a specific response to the crisis, but at the same time has raised specific ethical and social issues. On one hand, social media has constituted a virtual space of care supporting self-help and psychological help between citizens, fostering at the same time community resilience. On the other hand, its use has also put at stake governance, responsibility, equity and privacy principles