Ecotourism, Conservation Mangement, and Regional Government Autonomy

At the end decade of 20 th century, the rate of world tourism development was related to "nature-oriented" travelling so high. In tourism terminology, this travelling is conceived as ecotourism. Almost all countries in the world respond to this new concept of tourism enthusiastically, in particular, developing countries which rich with natural areas with regard to foreign exchange from International tourists. Unfortunatelly, those natural areas are protected areas which designated as such because of intrinsically unique, beautiful, high biodiversity, and ecologically fragile. The use of these protected areas are limited to conserve is natural conditions. This paper emphasize the need of us to guard against this new concept of tourism, review of ecotourism concept from ecological perspective; the relationship between conservation management authority and regional otonomy

Ketersedian Tenaga Kerja Sektor Pertanian Di Daerah Penyangga Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango (Agricultures Labour Availability in the Bufferzone of Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park)

Ability of buffer zone in protecting conservation area depends very much on development of economic opportunity of the buffer zone area itself. The objective of this research was to provide description on economic condition of the buffer zone of Gunung Gede – Pangrango National Park (TNGP) based on economic indicators, particularly the availability of labor in agriculture sector. Method of Location Quotient (LQ) was applied to describe whether the agriculture labor in buffer zone constituted the base sector or not. Employment Surplus Index (ESI) was used to calculate surplus of agriculture labor while Shift Share Analysis (SSA) was used to show shift in labor availability in agriculture sector. Research results showed that agriculture sector labor in buffer zone of TNGP constituted the base sector and implied that agriculture sector possessed extra labor. In general, villages in buffer zone of TNGP showed very dynamic shift of labor availability in agriculture sector. Excess labors were considered as labors that serve export market. Considering that ratio of agriculture land size to number of inhabitants in buffer zone of TNGP was very small, accompanied by low level of education and skill of the inhabitants whose livelihood was limited on skill based on land and natural resources, it can be predicted that export of excess labors in buffer zone villages will go to TNGP area in the form of forest area disturbance. Therefore, one of the attempts to overcome the problem of agriculture labor surplus was seeking potency and development of farmer ability in non agriculture job

A Study on Tourism Development in the Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park South Konawe District, Southeast Sulawesi Province

The development of ecotourism, especially in the National Park is important to acquaint the potential of nature in the National Park as the object of ecotourism activities. The purposes of this study were to describe and to asses the potential attractions and patterns of travel demand in Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park (RAWNP), as well as to determine the direction of development ecotourism in RAWNP. Data collection were conducted in from December 2015 to February 2016, through field observation, interviews, literature study and questionnaires toward 30 respondents. Determining the potential attraction value was based on potential attraction criteria through scoring every aspect of the research study, beside that, gap analysis on this study is used to compare actual condition with expected condition and determine which is the gap between two conditions. The tourist attractions that had the highest scores are amboina orchid (Phalaenopsis amboinensis), knobbed hornbill (Ryticeros cassidix) and modus hill. Tourism demand in RAWNP shows that the greatest motivation for tourists is photography activities and birdwatching in savanna. The direction of future developments are product diversification, improvement of promotion, facilities and services as well as increase professionalism of human resources personnel

Nilai Ekonomi Jasa Lingkungan Kawasan Karst Gua Gudawang

The economic value of Gudawang Cave are still limestone product (goods) which gotten from mining activities and environtment product (service) that has been used as new area of tourism development. Other environmental services such as source of water and fauna habitat have not been used optimally and provide economic value to society yet. The research question is how is the utilization of Gudawang Cave area as economical-ecology can be optimal and sustainable. It is necessary to determine of the economic value of environmental services as the basis for its management and utilization. The economic value of Cave Gudawang environmental services which was calculated in this study was the economic value of the Cave Gudawang as a source of water, as bat habitat (as pest control and fertilizer guano) based Market Based Approach; and tourism economic value by using the Individual Travel Cost Method approach. Result of the study showed that the economic value of Gudawang Cave karst area environmental services was Rp. 1.222.673.877,00/year. This value were from the value of benefits water Rp. 1.060.680.000,00, the value of bats as pest control was Rp. 10.800.000,00, economic value of guano Rp. 2.403.744,00 and economic value of tourism Rp. 148.790.133,00

Stakeholders of Nature Tourism Management in SPTN Area II Majalengka, Gunung Ciremai National Park

Ecotourism management in Gunung Ciremai National Park is fully managed by third party which are community organizations, state-owned enterprises, and non-governmental organizations. The aims of this research is to identify stakeholders, categorize stakeholders based on interests and influences, also to identify space and determine the level of stakeholder participation. The data obtained using questionnaire, interview, and direct observation were analyzed with stakeholder analysis matrix and the level of stakeholder participation. Fourteen stakeholders involved within the programs based on interests and influences are governmental institutions, cooperations, non-governmental organizations, and community organization with two classifications (key player and crowd). In this management there is no subject and context setter. Most of the stakeholders participate to control level in level of participation

Analisis Kelembagaan Pengelolaan Daerah Penyangga Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat: Studi Kasus Di Eks Hph PT Maju Jaya Raya Timber Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara Provinsi Bengkulu

Ex concession of PT Maju Jaya Raya Timber (PT MJRT) is located at North Bengkulu Regency, Bengkulu Province is an important buffer zone of Kerinci Seblat National Park (KSNP). Therefore the damage that happened in that area will have a huge impact in the on-going development of the reservation area. The purpose of this research is to design alternative policies to manage the buffer zone of KSNP. The analytical methods used are the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and SWOT analysis method are both used to design an alternative policies management. The result of this research showed that there have been changes in land cover, virgin forest only about 30%, and the rest was logged over area and has been converted to field crops owned by the locals and private company. This indicates that the management of ex-concession is not good enough. Based on Analytical Hierarchy Process and SWOT analysis, the prioritize function on the management of the area mentioned has be increasing to income of the locals, therefore this could decrease the pressure of the locals to take advantage in using the forest area. Some alternatives of policies which can be carried out is to strengthen property rights, developed local institution, developed the pattern of agroforestry and to upgrade the human resources by increasing the economic productivity for proper management of KSNP buffer zone

Uji Standar Kinerja Pengelolaan Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak pada Prinsip Kelestarian Fungsi Sosial Budaya

The current national park management did not fully take into account the sustainability of socio cultural benefits, particularly for indigenous communities. Therefore the park's performance achievement on the aspect of socio cultural required to be assessed by using tested management standards. The research objectives were: (1) to measure the actual verifier and assess the indicators formulated by the Directorate General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation and Bogor Agricultural University in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (GHSNP), (2) to analyze the validity of management performance indicators of GHSNP (3) to measure the achievement of each indicator based on a minimum standard of performance, and (4) to formulate recommendations for improving management standards. The results showed that: (1) the actual value of management performance indicators for GHSNP was good for one indicator and fair for four indicators. There were four indicators that could not be measured and assessed; (2) eight of the nine indicators which have been tested in the field were valid; (3) the achievement of performance indicators for GHSNP management on the principle of socio-cultural sustainability has achieved its minimum values; and (4) the standard management of national park should be completed because field results showed that, there were difficulties measuring the verifiers and assessing the indicators. This research found that there were inconsistency on the terminology used in the standards, lack of operational definition, difficulty in using the norm, and verifier inappropriate with actual condition