Estratégias de raciocínio clínico dos enfermeiros que cuidam de clientes em situação crítica: revisão sistemática da literatura

Identificar estratégias de raciocínio clínico dos enfermeiros que cuidam de clientes, em situação crítica. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura com recurso ao método PI[C]O na EBSCO (CINAHL (Plus with Full Text), MEDLINE (Plus with Full Text)) com limitador temporal entre 2009-2015, dos quais foram selecionados 8 artigos. As estratégias de raciocínio clínico de enfermagem que emergiram foram: a relação de confiança com o cliente e envolvimento da família, aplicação de competências de negociação e compromisso, de competências crítico-reflexivas, a intuição, o reconhecimento de situações similares e teste de hipóteses. E, como critérios de raciocínio clínico, o enfermeiro avalia o risco-benefício para o cliente, avalia as necessidades organizacionais e pesquisa informação em fontes complementares(11). Esta revisão permitiu conhecer algumas estratégias e critérios de raciocínio clínico do enfermeiro que cuida de clientes em situação crítica. No entanto, são necessários mais estudos para aprofundar conhecimento sobre o processo de raciocínio clínico que promove resultados positivos para o cliente decorrentes da intervenção autónoma e capacidade de decisão da enfermagem. Descritores: Raciocínio Clínico; tomada de decisão; cuidados de enfermagem

Conhecimento dos serviços da FCCN junto da comunidade científica e tecnológica nacional: um inquérito por questionário

O relatório aqui apresentado resulta de uma prestação de serviços, por parte de uma equipa do ISCTE-IUL, à FCCN (Fundação para a Computação Científica Nacional). Esta visou apoiar o lançamento de um inquérito por questionário aos membros da comunidade científica e tecnológica nacional, com o fim de aferir a perceção acerca dos serviços da FCCN, designadamente em termos de Conectividade, Computação, Colaboração, Conhecimento e Segurança.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Laccases to improve the whiteness in a conventional bleaching of cotton

This study reports for the first time on the enhancement of the bleaching effect achieved on cotton using laccase enzyme. Laccases applied in short-time batchwise or pad-dry processes prior to conventional peroxide bleaching, improved the end fabric whiteness. The whiteness level reached in the combined enzymatic/peroxide process was comparable to the whiteness in two consecutive peroxide bleaches. Effect of 10 min laccase pre-treatment at 60 8C, pH 5 on fabrics whiteness before and after a conventional hydrogen peroxide bleaching

Quercetin enhances UVA-induced DNA damage in a rat fibroblast cell line

Ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation from sunlight induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), affecting a variety of cellular targets including the DNA. Quercetin, a flavonol present in many fruits, vegetables and beverages has been reported as a powerful antioxidant with an important role in prevention of carcinogenesis. The use of this compound, in topical formulations, could be of benefit in the prevention of skin damage produced by sunlight exposure. We investigated the effect of quercetin on DNA damage induced by UVA radiation in the rat subcutaneous fibroblast cell line, L929. Cells were irradiated by UVA light for 1h, in the presence of quercetin and DNA damage assessed, in individual cells, by the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay (Comet Assay). Our data showed that the combination of UVA with quercetin, at the three concentrations tested (20, 30 and 50 μM) enhances the level of DNA damage in a concentration-dependent manner. However, this effect seems not to be the same when cells are pre-incubated with quercetin, followed by irradiation, in the absence of the compound. We are investigating the mechanisms behind the observed harmful effect of quercetin together with UVA irradiation and trying to relate it, with the ROS levels, in both experimental conditions. The effect obtained suggests that, despite the well known antioxidant beneficial effects of quercetin in many different situations of oxidative stress, precautions should be taken if we think in the development of topical preparations with this compound, to be used on body areas exposed to sunlight.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - SFRH/BD/17174/200

Stability and decolourization ability of trametes villosa laccase in liquid ultrasonic fields

We report in this study that the sonication of laccase from Trametes villosa and bovine serum albumin promotes the formation of protein aggregates with high molecular weight. The formation of aggregates leads to the deactivation of the enzyme, fact that was confirmed by the analysis of the enzyme stability (half-life time) upon ultrasound treatment. This inactivation was mainly caused by the radicals formed by the cavitation phenomenon. It was verified that the addition of polyvinyl alcohol to laccase had a protecting effect against enzyme inactivation. The performance of laccase in the decolourization of indigo carmine was studied. It was observed that the best results were attained when the dye solution was treated with ultrasound and enzyme stabilized with polyvinyl alcohol, where more than 65% of decolourization was achieved. This value is remarkably higher than that attained for the enzyme alone, which was only able to decolourize 20% of the dye solution within 1 h of treatment. These results have important implications for the exploitation of sonication in textile industry, where the pollution caused by the release of dyes into effluents is one of the major concerns.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - SFRH/BD/8651/2002União Europeia - Projecto ULTRATEC (NMP2- CT-2003-505892)

Staining of wool using the reaction products of ABTS oxidation by Laccase : synergetic effects of ultrasound and cyclic voltammetry

The effects of ultrasound on 2,2′-Azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) enzymatic oxidation by laccase (Trametes villosa) has been studied by means of cyclic voltammetry. The reaction was allowed to proceed in the presence of a piece of wool and the coloration depth of the wool fabric was measured by means of K/S. It was observed that cyclic voltammetry is influenced the dyeing process and higher K/S values were obtained when the cyclic voltammetry was combined with the ultrasonic irradiation. Moreover, the K/S value is the sum of the values obtained when the wool staining is done in just the presence of cyclic voltammetry or in just the presence of ultrasound. The results obtained on the indigo carmine decolourization gives information on the importance of controlling the amount of ABTS+ formed during the ultrasonication process

Sono-enzymatic polymerization of catechol

"Abstracts of papers presented at the 232nd American Chemical Society National Meeting"The potential of laccase enzymes for polymerizing, crosslinking and functionalizing various compounds was studied extensively and increasing interest has been focused on the application of this enzyme as a new biocatalyst in organic synthesis.[1-6] Laccases (EC 1.10.3.2) are a class of multi-copper-containing oxidoreductase enzymes able to catalyze the transformation of various aromatic compounds, specifically phenols and anilines, through the formation of a free cation radical after the transfer of a single electron to laccase. The radical can further react on non-enzymatic oxidation polymerizing various halogen, alkyl-, alkoxy-substituted anilines and phenols.[7-8] The phenolic derivatives resulting in the production of polymeric aggregates are usually less soluble and much stable than their parent compounds.[9,10] Unfortunately the relatively short catalytic lifetime of the laccases in the polymerization processes and the mass transfer limitations, restrict their applications. This effect can be attributed to the inactivation of the enzyme active site due to phenoxy radicals and polymers produced during enzyme treatment.[11] To overcome this limitations the use of ultrasound, under proper conditions, has shown to enhance significantly the mass transfer as well as the structure stability, substrate binding, and activity of the enzyme.[12,13] Ultrasound alone or in combination with other methods is known to enhance a wide variety of chemical and physical processes, mainly due to the phenomenon known as cavitation in a liquid medium that is the growth and explosive collapse of microscopic bubbles.[14-16] These localized ‘‘hot spots’’ generate high local temperature and pressure rise, capable of decompose water to hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals and of break several chemical bonds.[17,18] Therefore in this work laccase from Trametes villosa was tested in combination with ultrasound to improve the radical polymerization of catechol. A solid-state “in situ” sono-enzymatic synthesis of poly(catechol) was also performed by coloration of wool. The results were analyzed by spectrophotometric and HPLC analyses

Agrio et Emulsio – development of fruity mustard creams

Agrio et Emulsio project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-023583) presents an proposal in the areas of vinegar products and food emulsions. Combining technical features with mediterranean traditions and Nouvelle Cuisine, two prototypes of fruity mustards are undergoing final development, valuing regional raw materials and profiling into the gourmet/vegan/veggie markets. Mustard creams are oil-in-water emulsions but its practice is linked to vinegar traditions since the thirteenth century, in France, with the foundation of the first confraternity of Maîtres Vinaigrier-Moutardier. Thus, by applying the ancestral practice, mustard (seeds, fragments, powder) was first submitted to maturation studies, varying the type of vinegar and the time of immersion/contact. Maturation reached equilibrium on the 16th day, but pH evolution shows a practically stationary state from the 7th. Best results were obtained with seeds and powdered mustards in red wine vinegar, 4 %(m/v) acidity. The assays were carried out at room temperature using Sinapis Alba (Linnaeus) mustard species. Prototyping articulated technical, analytical (physicochemical, rheological, microbiological) and sensory tests. Each final prototype has a distinct profile of ingredients, mustard, fruits (raspberry and beet or blueberry), olive oil, water, salt, sugar, honey and spices. Both creams retain the sui generis taste of mustard tinted with the fruit flavour plus an innovative pink colour.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Ability of salt marsh plants for TBT remediation in sediments

The capability of Halimione portulacoides, Spartina maritima, and Sarcocornia fruticosa (halophytes very commonly found in salt marshes from Mediterranean areas) for enhancing remediation of tributyltin (TBT) from estuarine sediments was investigated, using different experimental conditions