Actividades de expresión gráfico plástica en el desarrollo de la motricidad fina en niños de educación inicial, Lurigancho, 2021

La presente investigación de título: Actividades de expresión gráfico plástica en el desarrollo de la motricidad fina en niños de educación Inicial, Lurigancho, 2021, tuvo como objetivo general determinar la influencia de las actividades de expresión gráfico plástica en el desarrollo de la motricidad fina en niños de cuatro años de la Institución Educativa Inicial Nº 200. El enfoque de investigación fue cuantitativo, el tipo de estudio fue aplicada y de diseño experimental, pre experimental. Se tuvo como población a 110 niños de cuatro años de edad; de los cuales 21 niños fueron considerados para la muestra de la investigación, efectuando un muestreo no probabilístico intencionado. Se utilizó una lista de cotejo como instrumento para evaluar la motricidad fina. Los resultados fueron analizados a través de estadística descriptiva, usando tablas de distribución de frecuencias y estadística inferencial, aplicando la prueba no paramétrica Wilcoxon. Del resultado de la prueba de hipótesis general se obtuvo un p-valor de 0.000 menor que 0.05, siendo este significativo, aceptándose la hipótesis de la investigación, lo cual confirma que las actividades de expresión gráfico plástica mejoran significativamente el desarrollo de la motricidad fina en niños de cuatro años de la I.E.I. Nº 200

Importância do desenvolvimento motor fino na fase pré-escolar para o início da escrita.

Writing is one of the basic skills for the cognitive development of the child, that is why the article seeks to analyze the current evidence on the importance of fine motor development in the preschool stage of the infant for its initiation in writing. A systematic process of review of scientific articles indexed in relevant databases such as Scopus and others, from 2017 to 2020, was carried out. As a result of the study, information linked to the categories and subcategories addressed in the work is presented. It is concluded that at the initial level, the acquisition of fundamental skills and learning is emphasized through motor activities; at this level, the teacher plays a fundamental role in the process of the child’s confrontation with writing. The preschool level lays the cognitive foundations and basic skills for the child’s educational and social development.La escritura es una de las habilidades básicas para el desarrollo cognitivo del niño, es por eso que el artículo busca analizar la evidencia actual sobre la importancia del desarrollo de la motricidad fina en la etapa preescolar del infante para su iniciación en la escritura. Se realizó un proceso sistemático de revisión de artículos científicos indexados en base de datos relevantes como Scopus y otras, comprendidos en el periodo 2017 al 2020. Como resultado del estudio se presenta información vinculada a las categorías y subcategorías abordados en el trabajo. Se concluye que en el nivel inicial se enfatiza la adquisición de capacidades y aprendizajes fundamentales a través de actividades motrices, en este nivel el docente cumple un rol fundamental en el proceso del enfrentamiento del niño con la escritura. El nivel preescolar sienta las bases cognitivas y destrezas básicas en el niño para su acrecentamiento educativo y social.A escrita é uma das habilidades básicas para o desenvolvimento cognitivo de uma criança, razão pela qual o artigo procura analisar as evidências atuais sobre a importância do desenvolvimento motor fino na fase pré-escolar da iniciação da criança à escrita. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática dos artigos científicos indexados em bancos de dados relevantes, como o Scopus e outros, de 2017 a 2020. Como resultado do estudo, são apresentadas informações ligadas às categorias e subcategorias abordadas no trabalho. Conclui-se que, no nível inicial, a ênfase é colocada na aquisição de habilidades fundamentais e na aprendizagem através de atividades motoras; neste nível, o professor desempenha um papel fundamental no processo de confronto da criança com a escrita. O nível pré-escolar estabelece as bases cognitivas e as habilidades básicas para o desenvolvimento educacional e social da criança.   &nbsp

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially