Parameter dependent convergence bounds and complexity measure for a class of conceptual hydrological models

We provide analytical bounds on convergence rates for a class of hydrologic models and consequently derive a complexity measure based on the Vapnik–Chervonenkis (VC) generalization theory. The class of hydrologic models is a spatially explicit interconnected set of linear reservoirs with the aim of representing globally nonlinear hydrologic behavior by locally linear models. Here, by convergence rate, we mean convergence of the empirical risk to the expected risk. The derived measure of complexity measures a model’s propensity to overfit data. We explore how data finiteness can affect model selection for this class of hydrologic model and provide theoretical results on how model performance on a finite sample converges to its expected performance as data size approaches infinity. These bounds can then be used for model selection, as the bounds provide a tradeoff between model complexity and model performance on finite data. The convergence bounds for the considered hydrologic models depend on the magnitude of their parameters, which are the recession parameters of constituting linear reservoirs. Further, the complexity of hydrologic models not only varies with the magnitude of their parameters but also depends on the network structure of the models (in terms of the spatial heterogeneity of parameters and the nature of hydrologic connectivity)

The Chlamydia trachomatis Type III Secretion Chaperone Slc1 Engages Multiple Early Effectors, Including TepP, a Tyrosine-phosphorylated Protein Required for the Recruitment of CrkI-II to Nascent Inclusions and Innate Immune Signaling

Chlamydia trachomatis, the causative agent of trachoma and sexually transmitted infections, employs a type III secretion (T3S) system to deliver effector proteins into host epithelial cells to establish a replicative vacuole. Aside from the phosphoprotein TARP, a Chlamydia effector that promotes actin re-arrangements, very few factors mediating bacterial entry and early inclusion establishment have been characterized. Like many T3S effectors, TARP requires a chaperone (Slc1) for efficient translocation into host cells. In this study, we defined proteins that associate with Slc1 in invasive C. trachomatis elementary bodies (EB) by immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry. We identified Ct875, a new Slc1 client protein and T3S effector, which we renamed TepP (Translocated early phosphoprotein). We provide evidence that T3S effectors form large molecular weight complexes with Scl1 in vitro and that Slc1 enhances their T3S-dependent secretion in a heterologous Yersinia T3S system. We demonstrate that TepP is translocated early during bacterial entry into epithelial cells and is phosphorylated at tyrosine residues by host kinases. However, TepP phosphorylation occurs later than TARP, which together with the finding that Slc1 preferentially engages TARP in EBs leads us to postulate that these effectors are translocated into the host cell at different stages during C.trachomatis invasion. TepP co-immunoprecipitated with the scaffolding proteins CrkI-II during infection and Crk was recruited to EBs at entry sites where it remained associated with nascent inclusions. Importantly, C. trachomatis mutants lacking TepP failed to recruit CrkI-II to inclusions, providing genetic confirmation of a direct role for this effector in the recruitment of a host factor. Finally, endocervical epithelial cells infected with a tepP mutant showed altered expression of a subset of genes associated with innate immune responses. We propose a model wherein TepP acts downstream of TARP to recruit scaffolding proteins at entry sites to initiate and amplify signaling cascades important for the regulation of innate immune responses to Chlamydia.Fil: Chen, Yi-Shan. University of Duke; Estados UnidosFil: Bastidas, Robert J.. University of Duke; Estados UnidosFil: Saka, Hector Alex. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. University of Duke; Estados UnidosFil: Carpenter, Victoria K.. Duke University Medical Center; . University of Duke; Estados UnidosFil: Richards, Kristian L.. Miami University; Estados UnidosFil: Plano, Gregory V.. Miami University; Estados UnidosFil: Valdivia, Raphael H.. University of Duke; Estados Unido

Ovarian maturation and haemolymphatic vitellogenin concentration of Pacific white shrimp <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> (Boone) fed increasing levels of total dietary lipids and HUFA

Two experiments were carried out to determine the quantitative lipid requirements for ovarian maturation of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) broodstock. The first experiment tested the effect of total dietary lipid (TDL) levels of 8.1%, 8.8%, 9.8% and 11.2% on the gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), survival and body weight. The second experiment tested the effect of total dietary levels of highly unsaturated fatty acids (TDH) 0.6%, 1.3%, 2.0% and 2.7% on the same parameters mentioned above and on the haemolymphatic vitellogenin (vg) concentration. The GSI was higher in females fed 8.1% TDL as compared with those fed 8.8% TDL (P=0.05), and higher in females fed 8.1% and 8.8% TDL than in those fed 9.8% and 11.2% TDL. lncreasing TDH levels led to increasing levels of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) in the ovaries (r² = 0.999). However, the GSI was not affected by dietary treatments (P > 0.05). The vg concentration was higher in animals receiving 2.0% TDH as compared with those receiving 2.7% TDH. In conclusion, high TDL levels affected ovarian maturation in a negative way, why TDH levels had no pronounced effect on ovarian maturation within the range tested in this study

Interaction of threat expressions and eye gaze: an event-related potential study

he current study examined the interaction of fearful, angry, happy, and neutral expressions with left, straight, and right eye gaze directions. Human participants viewed faces consisting of various expression and eye gaze combinations while event-related potential (ERP) data were collected. The results showed that angry expressions modulated the mean amplitude of the P1, whereas fearful and happy expressions modulated the mean amplitude of the N170. No influence of eye gaze on mean amplitudes for the P1 and N170 emerged. Fearful, angry, and happy expressions began to interact with eye gaze to influence mean amplitudes in the time window of 200–400 ms. The results suggest early processing of expression influence ERPs independent of eye gaze, whereas expression and gaze interact to influence later ERPs

Virgin River multi-objective optimization: maximizing endangered fish habitat and minimizing costs

This paper discusses a comparative analysis of hypothetical operational scenarios by the use of dynamic temperature and fish habitat modelling in a multi-objective framework in the Virgin River Basin, Utah. Results were compared on the basis of quantified fish habitat, operational costs, and hydropower revenue. The modelling framework, the Virgin River Operation Optimization Model, is considered as a basin-level planning model. The optimization objectives were to minimize net river system operational cost of the Washington County Water Conservation District and maximize endangered fish habitat. Considerations included infrastructure alternatives to increase flow and cold water discharges as well as demand reductions. Given the nature of the problem, an optimization procedure was developed to approximate a Pareto front or trade-off surface for the two management objectives. This trade-off surface approximation is desired to help users compare the merits of any particular solution. The relative differences between alternatives elucidated sensitivities to the system responses along the approximated Pareto front. Limitations to the methods are discussed and recommendations for future work are provided

Verification by tests of models proposed for synchronous machines, excitation control systems, water supply and turbines and its control systems for colbún and machicura power plants

In this paper several models proposed for Excitation Control Systems, Synchronous Machines, Prime Movers Control System and Turbines corresponding to the Hydraulic power plants of Colbún and Machicura are shown and verified. These power plants are located in the “Interconnected Central System” (SIC), Chile’s largest grid and are part of the Colbún subsystem. This grid subsystem also bears industrial load. It supplies energy to “El Teniente” -world’s largest copper mineand to several paper manufacturing plants. The models were used to study the Colbún subsystem under island operation when the SIC blacks out due to under-frequency conditions.Instituto de Investigaciones Tecnológicas para Redes y Equipos Eléctricos (IITREE

Quantum Signal Processing with the one-dimensional quantum Ising model

Quantum Signal Processing (QSP) has emerged as a promising framework to manipulate and determine properties of quantum systems. QSP not only unifies most existing quantum algorithms but also provides tools to discover new ones. Quantum signal processing is applicable to single- or multi-qubit systems that can be qubitized so one can exploit the SU$(2)$ structure of system evolution within special invariant two-dimensional subspaces. In the context of quantum algorithms, this SU$(2)$ structure is artificially imposed on the system through highly nonlocal evolution operators that are difficult to implement on near-term quantum devices. In this work, we propose QSP protocols for the infinite-dimensional Onsager Lie Algebra, which is relevant to the physical dynamics of quantum devices that can simulate the transverse field Ising model. To this end, we consider QSP sequences in the Heisenberg picture, allowing us to exploit the emergent SU$(2)$ structure in momentum space and synthesize QSP sequences for the Onsager algebra. Our results demonstrate a concrete connection between QSP techniques and Noisy Intermediate Scale quantum protocols. We provide examples and applications of our approach in diverse fields ranging from space-time dual quantum circuits and quantum simulation, to quantum control.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures. Comments are welcom