Two Legendre-Dual-Petrov-Galerkin Algorithms for Solving the Integrated Forms of High Odd-Order Boundary Value Problems

Two numerical algorithms based on dual-Petrov-Galerkin method are developed for solving the integrated forms of high odd-order boundary value problems (BVPs) governed by homogeneous and nonhomogeneous boundary conditions. Two different choices of trial functions and test functions which satisfy the underlying boundary conditions of the differential equations and the dual boundary conditions are used for this purpose. These choices lead to linear systems with specially structured matrices that can be efficiently inverted, hence greatly reducing the cost. The various matrix systems resulting from these discretizations are carefully investigated, especially their complexities and their condition numbers. Numerical results are given to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithms, and some comparisons with some other methods are made

Estimation of genetic variability and frequency distribution in F2 generation of rice under normal and deficit water supply

The investigation was conducted at the experimental farm of the Rice Research and Training Centre, Kafr el Sheikh, Egypt, during the summer seasons from 2017 to 2019 using the experimental material consisting two populations with their two parents (P1, P2, F1 and F2) to study the variability in the F2 population of four crosses: IR 78,936-B-B-B-B (water deficit tolerant) x Giza 177 (water deficit sensitive), FL-496 (moderately water deficit tolerant) x Giza 177, IR 78,936-B-B-B-B (water deficit tolerant) x Giza 178 (moderately water deficit tolerant), FL-496 × Giza 178 under normal (NWS) and deficit water supply (DWS). The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results indicated that the phenotypic values of the measured characters were significantly different between the two parents of all the studied crosses under the two water supply conditions. The means of all the studied characters under DWS were lower than the means under NWS, but the yields and the yield components under DWS varied greatly among the parents due to stress. The averages of the measured traits of the F1 plants and the F2 populations in all crosses were near the averages of those of the parents. The results showed no consistent reduction in heritability under DWS compared to NWS. High heritability in a broad sense coupled with high genetic advance (GA) was observed for grain yield in Cross 1 under the two studied conditions offering good scope for selection

Rumex dentatus L. phenolics ameliorate hyperglycemia by modulating hepatic key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, oxidative stress and PPARγ in diabetic rats

Rumex dentatus L. is a flowering plant with promising therapeutic effects. This study investigated the antioxidant efficacy of phenolic compounds isolated from R. dentatus L. in vitro and by conducting density function theory (DFT) studies to explore the mechanisms of action. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects of polyphenols-rich R. dentatus extract (RDE) were investigated in type 2 diabetic rats. Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of R. dentatus resulted in the isolation of one new and seven known compounds isolated for the first time from this species. All isolated phenolics showed in vitro radical scavenging activity. The antioxidant activity of the compounds could be oriented by the hydrogen atom transfer and sequential proton loss electron transfer mechanisms in gas and water phases, respectively. In diabetic rats, RDE attenuated hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and liver injury and improved carbohydrate metabolism. RDE suppressed oxidative stress and inflammation and upregulated PPARγ. In silico molecular docking analysis revealed the binding affinity of the isolated compounds toward PPARγ. In conclusion, the computational calculations were correlated with the in vitro antioxidant activity of R. dentatus derived phenolics. R. dentatus attenuated hyperglycemia, liver injury, inflammation and oxidative stress, improved carbohydrate metabolism and upregulated PPARγ in diabetic ratsThis work has DGI Project no. CTQ2015-63997-C2, a generous allocation of computing time at the Centro de Computación Científica of the UAM is also acknowledge

History of infantile BCG immunization did not predict lamina propria invasion and/or high-grade in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer

Objective: To evaluate the utility of infantile BCG vaccination history in predicting stage and grade of tumours in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from patients from a single center who were diagnosed with new NMIBC and underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) between 2017 and 2022. We assessed BCG immunization status with various demographics and comorbidities, as well as tumour recurrence, progression, stage, and grade. Results: A total of 188 patients met the inclusion criteria for our study. The mean age of patients at the time of diagnosis was significantly lower in those that had been immunized with BCG (71 ± 9) than those who had not (77 ± 10) (p < 0.0001). History of BCG immunization did not correlate with sex, history of diabetes mellitus (DM), prior history of intravesical BCG treatment, and tumour recurrence, progression, stage, and grade. Conclusions: History of infantile BCG vaccination did not correlate with the depth of invasion and/or the grade in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Patients that received infantile BCG vaccination were significantly younger at the time of diagnosis of NMIBC

Inheritance of some flag leaf and yield characteristics by half-diallel analysis in rice crops (Oryza Sativa L.)

This study was conducted during 2018 and 2019 at the Rice Research and Training Centre farm, Sakha, Kafr el Sheikh, Egypt. Six genotypes of rice, Sakha 101, Giza 178, Irat 170, Wab-56-104, IR65500-127 and IR69853 were half-diallel crossed to estimate the combining ability effect as well as sink and yield potential in rice. Sink capacity (number of spikelets/panicle and 1000-grain weight), source leaf (flag leaf length, flag leaf width and flag leaf area), source-sink association (number of spikelets/panicle to flag leaf area ratio) and traits of yield components (filled grains number/panicle and panicle number) plant and grain yield/plant) were analysed. The results indicated that both general and specific combining ability were highly significant for all the studied characteristics. IR65500-127, Giza 178, and Sakha 101 were identified as good parents, so these parents were suggested for a further recombinant breeding programme. The cross of 3 × 5 was found to be superior for flag leaf width and grain yield, while the cross of 1 × 4 was found to be superior for flag leaf length, flag leaf length/width ratio, chlorophyll content and number of panicles/plant. Advancing these crosses and effected selections in segregating generation would be helpful to develop high yielding varieties. The genetic parameter showed a dominant deviation in one direction was controlled for all characters except flag leaf length. The analysis of the regression line showed that the over-dominance played an important role in the inheritance of gene action for grain yield/plant

Effect of Planting Methods on the Quality of Three Egyptian Rice Varieties

In Egypt, the traditional transplanting method of rice planting is substituted by broadcasting and dibbling recently. This paper studies the effects and the changes occur in different rice varieties due to different methods on grain quality and amino acids of rice. Three Egyptian rice cultivars belonging to japonica, japonica/indica and indica subspecies were investigated for grain quality, protein and amino acid composition under three planting methods, i.e., broadcasting, seedling transplanting and dibbling. A strip plot design with three replications was used; the investigated three rice cultivars occupied the horizontal main plot, while three planting methods were devoted to the vertical main plot. The method of planting did not affect significantly the grain dimension, but it affected significantly the milling characters and the 1,000-grain weight. The highest milling characters and 1,000-grain weight came from transplanting, while the lowest one from the dibbling method. There was no significant difference between transplanting and broadcasting in milling characters and 1,000-grain weight. The chemical and cooking characters of grains showed no significant differences in moisture content and gelatinization temperature characters, while the differences in protein content and elongation were significant among the varieties and planting methods. The interaction between the planting method and rice had significant effect on the protein content. The most important essential amino acids according to the FAO/WHO pattern were not affected significantly by the different methods of planting. This means that the biological value of rice grains is not affected by different methods of planting