Analysis of the threedimensional accelerating flow in a mixed turbine rotor

An investigation on new rotor blade designs conceived to produce higher exit relative kinetic energy of a mixed flow turbine is undertaken. Accelerating the flow through the rotor in a relative frame of reference improves energy transfer to the shaft, which is only produced in a rotating rotor. A three-dimensional converging rotor channel might respond to the analysis requirements in the subsonic flow regimes. Effectively, the machine experiences a 3.71 % and 3.67 % increase in work output and efficiency, respectively, representing this study’s primary intent. This has been accomplished by varying the shroud profile to a lesser eye tip diameter, then the hub profile to a larger eye root diameter. At last, both shroud and hub profiles are varied. It appears possible to enhance the performance of the rotor in terms of optimum work done and efficiency by devising suitable blade geometry designs. ANSYS CFX 15 is the code of all simulation works

Parameter Identification of Cutting Forces in Crankshaft Grinding Using Artificial Neural Networks

The intensifying of the manufacturing process and increasing the efficiency of production planning of precise and non-rigid parts, mainly crankshafts, are the first-priority task in modern manufacturing. The use of various methods for controlling the cutting force under cylindrical infeed grinding and studying its impact on crankpin machining quality and accuracy can improve machining efficiency. The paper deals with developing a comprehensive scientific and methodological approach for determining the experimental dependence parameters’ quantitative values for cutting-force calculation in cylindrical infeed grinding. The main stages of creating a method for conducting a virtual experiment to determine the cutting force depending on the array of defining parameters obtained from experimental studies are outlined. It will make it possible to get recommendations for the formation of a valid route for crankpin machining. The research’s scientific novelty lies in the developed scientific and methodological approach for determining the cutting force, based on the integrated application of an artificial neural network (ANN) and multi-parametric quasi-linear regression analysis. In particular, on production conditions, the proposed method allows the rapid and accurate assessment of the technological parameters’ influence on the power characteristics for the cutting process. A numerical experiment was conducted to study the cutting force and evaluate its value’s primary indicators based on the proposed method. The study’s practical value lies in studying how to improve the grinding performance of the main bearing and connecting rod journals by intensifying cutting modes and optimizing the structure of machining cycles

The Effect of Blade Angle Deviation on Mixed Inflow Turbine Performances

The choice of blades for mixed turbines is to achieve the required deflection with minimal losses. In addition, it is necessary that the blade functions without a detachment in a wide area outside the nominal operating point of the machine. In the blade profile study, it is required to satisfy the conditions relating to fluid mechanics and those relating to the possibility of realization of construction. The work carried out presents the effect of the blade deviation angle on the geometric blade shape and the performance of the mixed inflow turbine on keeping the same rotor casing in order to improve its performances. It was remarked that the efficiency is proportional to the deviation angle’s increase, but the rotor became heavy. It has been determined that the effect of the blade deviation angle on mixed inflow performances decreases dramatically starting from the angle −20° for a 100% of machine load. It was urged to avoid relying on angles greater than −20 as values for blade deviation angles. The study noted that the maximum obtained in the output work and power is related to the highest the efficiency for a specific optimum design case (−35° of deviation blade angle) due to the increase in the contact surface between the blade and the fluid, but the problem is that the rotor gets a little heavy (4.37% weight gain). Among recommendations, attention was given to the more significant absolute exit kinetic energies, for values of deviation blade angle between -10° and −20°, where an exhaust diffuser is recommended to use to recover a part of it into a greater expansion ratio. These simulation results were obtained using a CFD calculation code-named CFX.15. This code allowed for the resolution of the averaged dynamic equations governing the stationary, compressible, and viscous internal flow

Phosphatidylserine Targets Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes to Professional Phagocytes In Vitro and In Vivo

Broad applications of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) dictate the necessity to better understand their health effects. Poor recognition of non-functionalized SWCNT by phagocytes is prohibitive towards controlling their biological action. We report that SWCNT coating with a phospholipid “eat-me” signal, phosphatidylserine (PS), makes them recognizable in vitro by different phagocytic cells - murine RAW264.7 macrophages, primary monocyte-derived human macrophages, dendritic cells, and rat brain microglia. Macrophage uptake of PS-coated nanotubes was suppressed by the PS-binding protein, Annexin V, and endocytosis inhibitors, and changed the pattern of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Loading of PS-coated SWCNT with pro-apoptotic cargo (cytochrome c) allowed for the targeted killing of RAW264.7 macrophages. In vivo aspiration of PS-coated SWCNT stimulated their uptake by lung alveolar macrophages in mice. Thus, PS-coating can be utilized for targeted delivery of SWCNT with specified cargoes into professional phagocytes, hence for therapeutic regulation of specific populations of immune-competent cells

Relativistic Laser-Matter Interaction and Relativistic Laboratory Astrophysics

The paper is devoted to the prospects of using the laser radiation interaction with plasmas in the laboratory relativistic astrophysics context. We discuss the dimensionless parameters characterizing the processes in the laser and astrophysical plasmas and emphasize a similarity between the laser and astrophysical plasmas in the ultrarelativistic energy limit. In particular, we address basic mechanisms of the charged particle acceleration, the collisionless shock wave and magnetic reconnection and vortex dynamics properties relevant to the problem of ultrarelativistic particle acceleration.Comment: 58 pages, 19 figure

Fragmentation and Multifragmentation of 10.6A GeV Gold Nuclei

We present the results of a study performed on the interactions of 10.6A GeV gold nuclei in nuclear emulsions. In a minimum bias sample of 1311 interac- tions, 5260 helium nuclei and 2622 heavy fragments were observed as Au projec- tile fragments. The experimental data are analyzed with particular emphasis of target separation interactions in emulsions and study of criticalexponents. Multiplicity distributions of the fast-moving projectile fragments are inves- tigated. Charged fragment moments, conditional moments as well as two and three -body asymmetries of the fast moving projectile particles are determined in terms of the total charge remaining bound in the multiply charged projectile fragments. Some differences in the average yields of helium nuclei and heavier fragments are observed, which may be attributed to a target effect. However, two and three-body asymmetries and conditional moments indicate that the breakup mechanism of the projectile seems to be independent of target mass. We looked for evidence of critical point observable in finite nuclei by study the resulting charged fragments distributions. We have obtained the values for the critical exponents gamma, beta and tau and compare our results with those at lower energy experiment (1.0A GeV data). The values suggest that a phase transition like behavior, is observed.Comment: latex, revtex, 28 pages, 12 figures, 3tables, submitted to Europysics Journal

Capital Without Statehood: Empirical Studies in Staraya Ladoga, Kasimov and Myshkin

The article covers the concept of "capitaleness" and "geographical identity". Our research will make an attempt to analyze an institute of capitals at functional as well as symbolic levels. In that case capitals serve not only as a place to dispose the governmental bodies, but their functions include national representation to themselves and the environment. Capitals are the idealized image of nation and national history, a sort of nation in miniature. Interregional differentiation within a state through establishing and maintaining mental boundaries between center and periphery is the mechanism to detect the territories needing the support for preserving the compliance with national norms and, thereafter, maintaining stateness. Two major territorial bases of stateness are traditionally singled out: nation-building and threats to security or, in other words, mental boundaries marking of "Us" community and actualization of "Others". Contemporary political geography is turning to the study of the third mechanism - internal "Other". Two strategies are possible to prove that interregional differentiation is a mechanism of nation-building. Analysis of different discursive and institutional practices marginalizing regions would be logical. However such way leads us to the large number of cases differing from each other in the multitude of variables and, therefore, exclude generalization in the conclusions. Thereupon we consider it possible to address another strategy, such as the search for evidence that center is purposefully opposed to periphery and is given symbolic national and centrifugal functions as well as administrative ones. The existence of one dichotomic pole should confirm the existence of the opposite. There are three cases - of Staraya Ladoga, Myshkin and Kasimov - which interpret differently the peculiarities of geographical space. Besides, the authors give illustrative examples of the construction of the myth about "stolichnost" and describe the instruments of symbolic politics

Investigation of energy-saving light sources of household purposes and recommendations for their effectiveness and quality improvement

Робота виконана на кафедрі товарознавства непродовольчих товарів Вищого навчального закладу Укоопспілки «Полтавський університет економіки і торгівлі». Захист відбувся ”25” грудня 2013 р. о ___ годині на засіданні спеціалізованої вченої ради К 58.052.04 у Тернопільському національному технічному університеті імені Івана Пулюя Міністерства освіти і науки України за адресою: 46001, Україна м. Тернопіль, вул. Руська, 56, корпус № 2, ауд. 79. З дисертацією можна ознайомитись у бібліотеці Тернопільського національного технічного університету імені Івана Пуляю Міністерства освіти і науки України за адресою: 46001, Україна, м. Тернопіль, вул. Руська, 56.Дисертація присвячена проблемі заміни ламп розжарювання на енергоекономічні лампи – компактні люмінесцентні та світлодіодні – в житловому секторі, оцінці їх ефективності, довговічності та надійності залежно від умов функціонування. З метою оцінки відповідності енергоекономічних ламп для прямої заміни ламп розжарювання вимогам нормативних даних і задекларованим параметрам проведені порівняльні дослідження КЛЛ і СВД-ламп різних виробників, які наявні на ринку України, встановлені залежності параметрів цих ламп від конструктивних особливостей і умов функціонування, зроблені рекомендації щодо підвищення технічного рівня та усунення бар’єрів, які стримують більш широке їх упровадження в житлово-комунальному секторі. Крім стандартних методик, для дослідження електричних, світлових і колірних характеристик запропоновані вдосконалені методики прискореної оцінки тривалості горіння та спаду світлового потоку в процесі строку служби КЛЛ, які базуються на статистичних методах, а також оцінки ресурсу КЛЛ за результатами їх випробувань у режимі частих запалювань. Розроблені пропозиції та заходи щодо підвищення технічного рівня КЛЛ та СВД-ламп, зокрема розроблені проекти національних стандартів. Зроблені рекомендації щодо сфер ефективного використання КЛЛ і СВД-ламп у житлово-комунальному секторі.Диссертация посвящена проблеме замены ламп накаливания на энергоэкономичные лампы – компактные люминесцентные и светодиодные – в жилом секторе, оценке их эффективности, долговечности и надежности в зависимости от условий функционирования. На основе анализа результатов исследований влияния света на здоровье и самочувствие людей, а также рекомендаций международных стандартов к энергоэкономичности и надежности источников света в работе сформулированы предложения относительно требований к энергоэкономичным лампам бытового назначения для прямой замены ламп накаливания. С целью оценки соответствия энергоэкономичных ламп для прямой замены ламп накаливания этим требованиям проведены сравнительные исследования КЛЛ и светодиодных ламп разных производителей, которые представлены на рынке Украины. Установлены зависимости параметров ламп от конструктивных особенностей и условий функционирования, сделаны рекомендации по повышению технического уровня и устранению барьеров, которые сдерживают их широкое внедрение в жилищно-коммунальной сфере. Предложены усовершенствованные методики ускоренной оценки средней продолжительности горения и спада светового потока в процессе срока службы КЛЛ, которые базируются на статистических методах, а также оценки ресурса КЛЛ по результатам их испытаний в режиме частых включений. Приведены сравнительные результаты оценивания стоимости световой энергии КЛЛ и светодиодных ламп с учетом световой отдачи этих ламп для разных цветностей, мощности ламп, расходов на утилизацию КЛЛ и современных цен на лампы и электроэнергию. Показано, что стоимость световой энергии (учитывая стабильность светового потока, тарифы на электроэнергию, стоимость лампы и утилизации КЛЛ) КЛЛ ниже, чем стоимость световой энергии светодиодных ламп приблизительно на 12–15 %. Однако, учитывая тенденции на снижение цен на светодиодные лампы и увеличение их световой отдачи, можно утверждать, что через 1,5–2 года стоимость световой энергии этих ламп сравняется. Разработаны предложения и мероприятия по повышению технического уровня КЛЛ и светодиодных ламп, в частности разработаны проекты национальных стандартов. Сделаны рекомендации относительно сфер эффективного использования КЛЛ и светодиодных ламп в жилищно-коммунальной сфере с учетом их технико-экономических параметров.The thesis paper is devoted to the problem of incandescent bulbs replacement in the residential sector with energy efficient bulbs such as compact fluorescent and LED lamps. The following issues such as evaluating of energy efficient bulbs’ efficiency, durability and reliability depending on the operating conditions were considered in the thesis paper. A comparative study of compact fluorescent lamps and LED lamps of various Ukrainian manufacturers was made to evaluate the correspondence of energy-saving lamps to the direct replacement of incandescent lamps according to the regulatory data and declared settings. The relation between lamps’ parameters and their design features and operating conditions was set in the thesis. Recommendations for improving technical level of energy efficient lamps and for removing barriers that hinder their more widespread adoption in the residential sector were made. In addition to standard investigation methods of electrical, lighting and color characteristics, the improved methods of the rapid assessment of the duration of burning and lumen during the service period of the compact fluorescent lamps were proposed. These techniques are based on statistical methods, as well as on the compact fluorescent lamps’ resource evaluation according to the results of bulbs’ testing using frequent ignition. Suggestions and measures to improve the technical level of compact fluorescent lamps and LED lamps were developed. Particularly there were designed projects of national standards. Recommendations for the efficient use of compact fluorescent lamps and LED lamps in the residential sector were made