42 research outputs found
Modular optically-pumped magnetometer system
We describe a modular optically-pumped magnetometer (OPM) system which
enables fast prototyping and testing of new measurement schemes. Quick
reconfiguration of self-contained laser and sensor modules allow easy
construction of various array layouts. The modularity of this system enables
scaling of shared light-source arrays, and development of methods for high
density array management for magnetic imaging and sensing in both medical and
industrial fields. We demonstrate the OPM system in a first-order axial
gradiometer configuration with a magnetic field gradient sensitivity of 10.4
. To illustrate the capabilities of this system, we measured
alpha-rhythms from the brain of a human participant, and assessed the
magnetometer sensitivity both with single sensor channels and in a differential
gradiometer configuration
Engineered swift equilibration of a Brownian particle
A fundamental and intrinsic property of any device or natural system is its
relaxation time relax, which is the time it takes to return to equilibrium
after the sudden change of a control parameter [1]. Reducing relax , is
frequently necessary, and is often obtained by a complex feedback process. To
overcome the limitations of such an approach, alternative methods based on
driving have been recently demonstrated [2, 3], for isolated quantum and
classical systems [4--9]. Their extension to open systems in contact with a
thermostat is a stumbling block for applications. Here, we design a
protocol,named Engineered Swift Equilibration (ESE), that shortcuts
time-consuming relaxations, and we apply it to a Brownian particle trapped in
an optical potential whose properties can be controlled in time. We implement
the process experimentally, showing that it allows the system to reach
equilibrium times faster than the natural equilibration rate. We also estimate
the increase of the dissipated energy needed to get such a time reduction. The
method paves the way for applications in micro and nano devices, where the
reduction of operation time represents as substantial a challenge as
miniaturization [10]. The concepts of equilibrium and of transformations from
an equilibrium state to another, are cornerstones of thermodynamics. A textbook
illustration is provided by the expansion of a gas, starting at equilibrium and
expanding to reach a new equilibrium in a larger vessel. This operation can be
performed either very slowly by a piston, without dissipating energy into the
environment, or alternatively quickly, letting the piston freely move to reach
the new volume
Shortcuts to adiabaticity in a time-dependent box
A method is proposed to drive an ultrafast non-adiabatic dynamics of an
ultracold gas trapped in a box potential. The resulting state is free from
spurious excitations associated with the breakdown of adiabaticity, and
preserves the quantum correlations of the initial state up to a scaling factor.
The process relies on the existence of an adiabatic invariant and the inversion
of the dynamical self-similar scaling law dictated by it. Its physical
implementation generally requires the use of an auxiliary expulsive potential
analogous to those used in soliton control. The method is extended to a broad
family of many-body systems. As illustrative examples we consider the ultrafast
expansion of a Tonks-Girardeau gas and of Bose-Einstein condensates in
different dimensions, where the method exhibits an excellent robustness against
different regimes of interactions and the features of an experimentally
realizable box potential.Comment: 6 pp, 4 figures, typo in Eq. (6) fixe
Seropositivity to Cytomegalovirus, Inflammation, All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease-Related Mortality in the United States
Studies have suggested that CMV infection may influence cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and mortality. However, there have been no large-scale examinations of these relationships among demographically diverse populations. The inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) is also linked with CVD outcomes and mortality and may play an important role in the pathway between CMV and mortality. We utilized a U.S. nationally representative study to examine whether CMV infection is associated with all-cause and CVD-related mortality. We also assessed whether CRP level mediated or modified these relationships., 2006 (Nâ=â14153) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (1988â1994). Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all-cause and CVD-related mortality by CMV serostatus. After adjusting for multiple confounders, CMV seropositivity remained statistically significantly associated with all-cause mortality (HR 1.19, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.41). The association between CMV and CVD-related mortality did not achieve statistical significance after confounder adjustment. CRP did not mediate these associations. However, CMV seropositive individuals with high CRP levels showed a 30.1% higher risk for all-cause mortality and 29.5% higher risk for CVD-related mortality compared to CMV seropositive individuals with low CRP levels.CMV was associated with a significant increased risk for all-cause mortality and CMV seropositive subjects who also had high CRP levels were at substantially higher risk for both for all-cause and CVD-related mortality than subjects with low CRP levels. Future work should target the mechanisms by which CMV infection and low-level inflammation interact to yield significant impact on mortality
Narrow absorptive resonances in a four-level atomic system
We study the effect of a control beam on a Î electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) system in 87Rb. The control beam couples one ground state to another excited state forming a four-level -system. Phase coherent laser beams to drive the -system are produced using a double injection locking scheme. We show that the control beam can be used to Stark shift or split the EIT resonance. Finally, we show that, when the control beam is on resonance, one observes a Doppler-free and sub-natural absorptive resonance with a width of order 100 kHz. Crucially, this narrow absorptive resonance only occurs when atoms with a range of velocities are present, as is the case in a room-temperature vapour
RYDBERG EXCITATION OF A BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE
Rydberg excitation of an elongated Bose-Einstein condensate is performed. We show how the dipole-blockade mechanism restricts the number of Rydberg atoms it is possible to excite in such a cloud. Using the super-atom model we then look at the feasibility of observing coherent effects in even stricter geometries, one dimensional optical lattices
Electromagnetically induced transparency of an interacting cold Rydberg ensemble
We study electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of a weakly interacting cold Rydberg gas. We show that for Rydberg states with principal quantum numbers in the range n = 19â26, the onset of interactions is manifest as a depopulation of the Rydberg state. In the limit of a weak probe where the depopulation effect is negligible, we observe no evidence of interaction-induced decoherence and obtain a narrow Rydberg dark resonance with a linewidth of <600 kHz
Enhanced electric field sensitivity of rf-dressed Rydberg dark states
Optical detection of Rydberg states using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) enables continuous measurement of electric fields in a confined geometry. In this paper, we demonstrate the formation of radio frequency (rf)-dressed EIT resonances in a thermal Rb vapour and show that such states exhibit enhanced sensitivity to dc electric fields compared to their bare counterparts. Fitting the corresponding EIT profile enables precise measurements of the dc field independent of laser frequency fluctuations. Our results suggest that space charges within the enclosed cell reduce electric field inhomogeneities within the interaction region