Parallel analysis of tri-molecular biosynthesis with cell identity and function in single cells.

Cellular products derived from the activity of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis collectively control cell identity and function. Yet there is little information on how these three biosynthesis activities are coordinated during transient and sparse cellular processes, such as activation and differentiation. Here, we describe Simultaneous Overview of tri-Molecule Biosynthesis (SOM3B), a molecular labeling and simultaneous detection strategy to quantify DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis in individual cells. Comprehensive interrogation of biosynthesis activities during transient cell states, such as progression through cell cycle or cellular differentiation, is achieved by partnering SOM3B with parallel quantification of select biomolecules with conjugated antibody reagents. Here, we investigate differential de novo DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis dynamics in transformed human cell lines, primary activated human immune cells, and across the healthy human hematopoietic continuum, all at a single-cell resolution

Statistical Screening of Supplementary Nitrogen Source for Enhanced Production of L-Asparaginase by Aspergillus terreus 1782

In the present work, Latin Square Design (LSD) was applied to find the best supplementary nitrogen source for extracellular L-asparaginase production by Aspergillus terreus MTCC 1782 using corn flour as substrate in submerged fermentation. The independent effect of supplementary nitrogen source such as ammonium chloride, urea and sodium nitrate was studied on growth and production of L-asparaginase by A. terreus. Statistical significance of the nitrogen sources was studied by performing analysis of variance (ANOVA) and graphical ANOVA for LSD using Data plot software. It was found that there is no significant difference on growth due to the change in supplementary nitrogen source studied. Urea was identified as best supplementary nitrogen source with mean L-asparaginase production of 33.25 IU mL–1 and mean biomass production of 12.99 mg mL–1

Design and Development of a Decision Support System for Safety Management of Rotary Pump Systems

Increasing technological advancement and complexity have made it necessary to develop more effective approaches to safety, reliability and quality. This paper presents the design and development of decision support system for safety management of rotary system using computational intelligent techniques. The rotary system considered for this research paper is centrifugal pumping system. This paper presents the application of Neural Network approach for fault detection and fuzzy logic approach for fault diagnosis in centrifugal pumping system. This paper highlights the development of decision support system integrating all the subsystem for a real-world application of computational intelligent techniques to solve a complex problem, which contributes to the prevention of accidents and preparation for emergency response. The results are compared and the conclusions are presented which demonstrate the possible application of industrial use

TRAIL-induced variation of cell signaling states provides nonheritable resistance to apoptosis.

TNFα-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), specifically initiates programmed cell death, but often fails to eradicate all cells, making it an ineffective therapy for cancer. This fractional killing is linked to cellular variation that bulk assays cannot capture. Here, we quantify the diversity in cellular signaling responses to TRAIL, linking it to apoptotic frequency across numerous cell systems with single-cell mass cytometry (CyTOF). Although all cells respond to TRAIL, a variable fraction persists without apoptotic progression. This cell-specific behavior is nonheritable where both the TRAIL-induced signaling responses and frequency of apoptotic resistance remain unaffected by prior exposure. The diversity of signaling states upon exposure is correlated to TRAIL resistance. Concomitantly, constricting the variation in signaling response with kinase inhibitors proportionally decreases TRAIL resistance. Simultaneously, TRAIL-induced de novo translation in resistant cells, when blocked by cycloheximide, abrogated all TRAIL resistance. This work highlights how cell signaling diversity, and subsequent translation response, relates to nonheritable fractional escape from TRAIL-induced apoptosis. This refined view of TRAIL resistance provides new avenues to study death ligands in general

Effect of Gymnema montanum Leaves on Serum and Tissue Lipids in Alloxan Diabetic Rats

The effect of Gymnema montanum leaves on alloxaninduced hyperlipidemia was studied in male Wistar rats. Ethanolic extract of G. montanum leaves was administered orally and different doses of the extract on blood glucose, serum and tissue lipids, hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, thiobarbituric acid–reactive substances (TBARS), hydroperoxides, and glutathione in alloxan-induced diabetic rats were studied. G. montanum leaf extract (GLEt) at doses of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg body weight for 3 weeks suppressed the elevated blood glucose and lipid levels in diabetic rats. GLEt at 200 mg/kg body weight was found to be comparable to glibenclamide, a reference drug. These data indicate that G. montanum represents an effective antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic adjunct for the treatment of diabetes and a potential source of discovery of new orally active agent for future therapy

Deficiency of Src family kinases compromises the repopulating ability of hematopoietic stem cells

OBJECTIVE: Src family kinases (SFK) have been implicated in regulating growth factor and integrin-induced proliferation, migration, and gene expression in multiple cell types. However, little is known about the role of these kinases in the growth, homing, and engraftment potential of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. RESULTS: Here we show that loss of hematopoietic-specific SFKs Hck, Fgr, and Lyn results in increased number of Sca-1(+)Lin(-) cells in the bone marrow, which respond differentially to cytokine-induced growth in vitro and manifest a significant defect in the long-term repopulating potential in vivo. Interestingly, a significant increase in expression of adhesion molecules, known to coincide with the homing potential of wild-type bone marrow cells is also observed on the surface of SFK(-/-) cells, although, this increase did not affect the homing potential of more primitive Lin(-)Sca-1(+) SFK(-/-) cells. The stem cell-repopulating defect observed in mice transplanted with SFK(-/-) bone marrow cells is due to the loss of Lyn Src kinase, because deficiency of Lyn, but not Hck or Fgr, recapitulated the long-term stem cell defect observed in mice transplanted with SFK(-/-) bone marrow cells. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our results demonstrate an essential role for Lyn kinase in positively regulating the long-term and multilineage engraftment of stem cells, which is distinct from its role in mature B cells and myeloid cells

LACHESIS restricts gametic cell fate in the female gametophyte of Arabidopsis

In flowering plants, the egg and sperm cells form within haploid gametophytes. The female gametophyte of Arabidopsis consists of two gametic cells, the egg cell and the central cell, which are flanked by five accessory cells. Both gametic and accessory cells are vital for fertilization; however, the mechanisms that underlie the formation of accessory versus gametic cell fate are unknown. In a screen for regulators of egg cell fate, we isolated the lachesis (lis) mutant which forms supernumerary egg cells. In lis mutants, accessory cells differentiate gametic cell fate, indicating that LIS is involved in a mechanism that prevents accessory cells from adopting gametic cell fate. The temporal and spatial pattern of LIS expression suggests that this mechanism is generated in gametic cells. LIS is homologous to the yeast splicing factor PRP4, indicating that components of the splice apparatus participate in cell fate decisions

Saccharification and Single Step Fermentation of Cassava Peel by Mixed Culture of Saccharomycopsis fibuligera NCIM 3161 and Zymomonas mobilis MTCC 92

Abstract The main objective of this study was to utilize the cassava peel by saccharification and single step fermentation (SSF) by mixed culture of Saccharomycopsis fibuligera NCIM 3161 and Zymomonas mobilis MTCC 92. Single step fermentation was performed in conical flasks with various concentrations of cassava peel (30, 50, 70 and 90 g/L), pH (3.5, 4.5 and 5.5), temperature (37, 47 and 57°C), reaction time (72, 720 and 168 h), inoculum size (5, 10 and 15 % v/v) and agitation speed (50, 100 and 150 rpm). Cell growth was identified by measuring optical density at 660 nm. The total reducing sugars were determined by centrifuging at 5000 rpm for 10 min by 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method. Starch concentration was estimated by anthrone method. Ethanol concentration was determined by acid dichromate method. The optimum process conditions were substrate concentration of 70 g/L, pH of 4.5, temperature of 37°C, reaction time of 120 h, inoculum size of 10 % (v/v) and agitation speed of 100 rpm. Under these conditions, the highest ethanol concentration of 26.46 g/L was obtained for cassava peel (93.75 % of theoretical yield)

Murine cytomegalovirus infection of mouse testes.

With the aim of illustrating a mechanism of cytomegalovirus (CMV) venereal transmission, we induced murine CMV infection in the mouse testes of immunologically competent mice. Using in situ cytohybridization, we were able to show that murine CMV-specific DNA was associated with spermatocytes and mature sperm. Electron microscopy studies also supported sperm infection. The virus could be reisolated from infected epididymal sperm by cocultivation with mouse embryo fibroblasts. We found no difference in either the sexual performance or the fertilization efficiency of the sperm between infected and uninfected males