Review of Authentication Systems based on Electroencephalogram

Traditional authentication methods, such as the use of passwords and fingerprints, are susceptible to the risks of theft, loss, and forgery. However, an innovative and secure alternative exists in the form of electroencephalogram (EEG)-based authentication systems, which operate by measuring distinctive brainwave patterns. This particular review undertakes a comprehensive analysis of the current state of EEG-based authentication, delving into its advantages, challenges, and potential future directions. In doing so, we examine the underlying principles governing the acquisition and processing of EEG signals, explore the various techniques employed for feature extraction and classification, and evaluate the performance of existing systems. Moreover, we emphasize the significant advantages offered by EEG-based authentication, including its exceptional accuracy, capacity for liveness detection, and robust resistance to spoofing attempts. Nevertheless, we must also acknowledge and address the various obstacles that must be overcome to facilitate wider adoption of this authentication method, encompassing concerns relating to hardware affordability, user acceptance, and data privacy. Finally, we outline a series of promising research avenues that can potentially address these challenges and unlock the complete potential of EEG-based authentication, thereby enabling secure and convenient access control across a diverse range of domains

Design and concept of renewable energy driven auto-detectable railway level crossing systems in Bangladesh

Bangladesh’s railway system mostly uses typical manual railway crossing techniques or boom gates through its 2955.53 km rail route all over the country. Accidents frequently happen at railway crossings due to the lack of quickly operating gate systems, and to fewer safety measures at the railway crossing as well. Currently, there are very few automatic railway crossing systems available (without obstacle detectors). Additionally, all of them are dependent on the national power grid, without a backup plan for any emergency cases. Bangladesh is still running a bit behind in generating enough power for its consumption; hence, it is not possible to have a continuous power supply at all times all over the countryside. We aim to design and develop a smart railway crossing system with an obstacle detector to prevent common types of accidents at railway crossing points. We use two infrared (IR) sensors to operate the railway crossing systems, which are controlled by an Arduino Uno. This newly designed level crossing system is run with the help of sustainable renewable energy, which is cost-effective and eco-friendly, and applied under the national green energy policy towards achieving sustainable development in Bangladesh as a part of the global sustainable goal to face climate change challenges. We have summarized the simulated the results of several renewable energy sources, including a hybrid system, and optimized the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and the payback periods

Bank capital and portfolio risk among Islamic banks

Minimum capital requirements are often implemented under the notion that increased capital improves bank safety and stability. However, an unintended consequence of higher capital requirements could arise if increasing capital induces banks to invest in riskier assets. Several researchers have examined this relationship between bank capital and risk among conventional banks, and interest around this topic has intensifi�ed since the 2007-2008 fi�nancial crisis. However, the fi�ndings are rather mixed. Moreover, very few studies have focused on Islamic banks, which differ greatly from their conventional counterpart's due to their need to be Shariah-compliant. In this paper a sample of 22 Islamic banks is analyzed over a seven year period from 2007-2013. The empirical approach is fully parametric and Bayesian utilizing techniques developed by Kessler and Munkin (2015) and building on previous banking research by Shrives and Dahl (1992) and Jacques and Nigro (1997). Some evidence is found suggesting that increases in total capital positively affect the levels of asset risks among Islamic banks

Bank capital and portfolio risk among Islamic banks

Minimum capital requirements are often implemented under the notion that increased capital improves bank safety and stability. However, an unintended consequence of higher capital requirements could arise if increasing capital induces banks to invest in riskier assets. Several researchers have examined this relationship between bank capital and risk among conventional banks, and interest around this topic has intensifi�ed since the 2007-2008 fi�nancial crisis. However, the fi�ndings are rather mixed. Moreover, very few studies have focused on Islamic banks, which differ greatly from their conventional counterpart's due to their need to be Shariah-compliant. In this paper a sample of 22 Islamic banks is analyzed over a seven year period from 2007-2013. The empirical approach is fully parametric and Bayesian utilizing techniques developed by Kessler and Munkin (2015) and building on previous banking research by Shrives and Dahl (1992) and Jacques and Nigro (1997). Some evidence is found suggesting that increases in total capital positively affect the levels of asset risks among Islamic banks

Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheal activities of the hydroalcoholic extract of Lasia spinosa Linn. (Araceae) Roots

Various parts of Lasia spinosa (Linn.) are widely used in many Asian countries to manage a wide range of diseases but so far no scientific study was done to find out its pharmacological properties which may support its uses in traditional medicine. The present study was carried out to evaluate the possible anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diarrheal activities of hydroalcoholic extract of root of Lasia spinosa in rodents. Anti-nociceptive activity was investigated using acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate-induced pain in mice; anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan-induced paw edema model rats and xylene-induced ear edema mice and anti-diarrheal activity using castor oil-induced diarrhea model mice. In acetic acid-induced writhing model mice, the extract caused a maximum of 50 % (p -1 body weight, which was comparable with standard drug, diclofenac sodium 60.71 % (p -1 and at 500 mg kg-1 also significantly increased pain threshold in hot-plate method in a dose dependent manner compared to the standard drug, nalbuphine. A dose dependent significant inhibitory effect on edema formation was found in xylene-induced ear edema model mice [17.0 5% at 250 mg kg-1 (p -1 (p -1 (p -1 (p < 0.001)]. In case of castor oil-induced diarrheal mice model, both standard drug (loperamide) and extract significantly reduced the number of stools and enhanced the latent period of diarrhea induction dose dependently. These findings indicate that the extract has significant anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and also antidiarrheal activity that supports its use in traditional medicine.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Machine learning-enhanced all-photovoltaic blended systems for energy-efficient sustainable buildings

The focus of this work is on the optimization of an all-photovoltaic hybrid power generation systems for energy-efficient and sustainable buildings, aiming for net-zero emissions. This research proposes a hybrid approach combining conventional solar panels with advanced solar window systems and building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems. By analyzing the meteorological data and using the simulation models, we predict energy outputs for different cities such as Kuala Lumpur, Sydney, Toronto, Auckland, Cape Town, Riyadh, and Kuwait City. Although there are long payback times, our simulations demonstrate that the proposed all-PV blended system can meet the energy needs of modern buildings (up to 78%, location dependent) and can be scaled up for entire buildings. The simulated results indicate that Middle Eastern cities are particularly suitable for these hybrid systems, generating approximately 1.2 times more power compared to Toronto, Canada. Additionally, we predict the outcome of the possible incorporation of intelligent and automated systems to boost overall energy efficiency toward achieving a sustainable building environment

Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheal activities of the hydroalcoholic extract of Lasia spinosa Linn. (Araceae) Roots

Various parts of Lasia spinosa (Linn.) are widely used in many Asian countries to manage a wide range of diseases but so far no scientific study was done to find out its pharmacological properties which may support its uses in traditional medicine. The present study was carried out to evaluate the possible anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diarrheal activities of hydroalcoholic extract of root of Lasia spinosa in rodents. Anti-nociceptive activity was investigated using acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate-induced pain in mice; anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan-induced paw edema model rats and xylene-induced ear edema mice and anti-diarrheal activity using castor oil-induced diarrhea model mice. In acetic acid-induced writhing model mice, the extract caused a maximum of 50 % (p -1 body weight, which was comparable with standard drug, diclofenac sodium 60.71 % (p -1 and at 500 mg kg-1 also significantly increased pain threshold in hot-plate method in a dose dependent manner compared to the standard drug, nalbuphine. A dose dependent significant inhibitory effect on edema formation was found in xylene-induced ear edema model mice [17.0 5% at 250 mg kg-1 (p -1 (p -1 (p -1 (p < 0.001)]. In case of castor oil-induced diarrheal mice model, both standard drug (loperamide) and extract significantly reduced the number of stools and enhanced the latent period of diarrhea induction dose dependently. These findings indicate that the extract has significant anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and also antidiarrheal activity that supports its use in traditional medicine.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire