Social factors associated with infants’ mortality

One of the important health indices showing health status of a society is health index of mortality rate of children < 1 year. There are many negative parameters weakening potentiality of children in growth and development of which some can be categorized as social factors. This research has tried to investigate some factors as education level, parents’ jobs, maternal care, the times of child care, breast feeding and < 1 year children mortality. This is a descriptive comparative retrospective study in which there were 121 less then 1 year children (dead and live) referring to Isfahan health centers selected with all including criteria. The data were collected by questionnaires and categorized into two groups, to be investigated and compared. Content validity and standardized fixed forms were used for questionnaire validity and reliability respectively. The data were analyzed by descriptive inferential statistics (X2, T-test) . The findings showed that there was a significant association between parents’ education, fathers’ jobs. mothers’ jobs, manner of breast feeding, the times of child care, maternal care and mortality of children < 1 year. Regarding the results, it seems that government, organization, and authorities concerning health strategies as well as health provider staffs play a major role in prediction and control of social factors affecting infants’ mortality. These roles can be in forms of education, socio economic and cultural status promoting plans among men and women as well as enhancement of public knowledge

Efficacy of Levothyroxine in Migraine Headaches in Children with Subclinical Hypothyroidism

How to Cite this article: Mirouliaie M, Fallah R, Partovee M, Ordooei M. Efficacy of Levothyroxine in Migraine Headaches in Children with Subclinical Hypothyroidism. Iran J Child Neurol Autumn 2012;6(4):23-26. AbstractObjectiveHypothyroidism may be an exacerbating factor for  primary headaches and migraine is one of the most common primary headaches in childhood. Thepurpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism on children with migraine headache.Materials &amp; MethodsIn a quasi-experimental study, the severity and monthly frequency of headache of 25 migraineur  children with subclinical hypothyroidism who were referred to the pediatric neurology clinic of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran between January 2010 and February 2011and were treated with levothyroxine for two months were evaluated.ResultsThirteen girls (52%) and 12 boys (48%) with the mean age of 10.2 ± 2.76years were evaluated.In children with hypothyroidism, the monthly frequency of headache (mean± SD: 17.64 ± 9.49 times vs. 1.2 ± 1.1 times) and the severity of headache(mean± SD: 6.24±1.8 scores vs. 1.33 ± 0.87 scores) were significantly decreased by treatment.ConclusionBased on the results of this study, treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism was effective in reducing migraine headaches. Therefore, it is logical to check thyroid function tests in migraineur  children. References:Jan MM. Updated overview of pediatric headache and migraine. Saudi Med J. 2007 Sep;28(9):1324-9.Hershey AD. Headaches. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, Schor NF, St. Geme JW, Behrman RE. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011. p. 2039-42.Hershey AD. Current approaches to the diagnosis and management of paediatric migraine. Lancet Neurol. 2010 Feb;9(2):190-204.Bigal ME, Gladstone J. The metabolic headaches. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2008 Aug;12(4):292-5.Tepper DE, Tepper SJ, Sheftell FD, Bigal ME. Headache attributed to hypothyroidism. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2007 Aug;11(4):304-9.Toprak D, Demirkukan K, Ellidokuz H. Is it important to test thyroid function tests in migraineurs? TJFMPC. 2007;4:47-51.Hagen K, Bjøro T, Zwart JA, Vatten L, Stovner LJ, Bovim G. Low headache prevalence amongst women with high TSH values. Eur J Neurol. 2001 Nov;8(6):693-9.Oleson J. The International Classification of Headache Disorders: 2nd edition. Headache Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society. Cephalalgia 2004; 24 (Suppl) : 9-160.LaFranchi S. Disorders of the Thyroid Gland. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, Schor NF, St. Geme JW, Behrman RE. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011. p. 1894-908.Mavromichalis I, Anagnostopoulos D, Metaxas N, Papanastassiou E. Prevalence of migraine in schoolchildren and some clinical comparisons between migraine with and without aura. Headache. 1999 Nov-Dec;39(10):728-36.Zwart JA, Dyb G, Holmen TL, Stovner LJ, Sand T. The prevalence of migraine and tension-type headaches among adolescents in Norway. The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (Head-HUNT-Youth), a large population-based epidemiological study. Cephalalgia. 2004 May;24(5):373-9.Bigal ME, Lipton RB, Winner P, Reed ML, Diamond S, Stewart WF. Migraine in adolescents: association with socioeconomic status and family history. Neurology. 2007 Jul;69(1):16-25.Singh SK. Prevalence of migraine in hypothyroidism. J Assoc Physicians India. 2002 Nov;50:1455-6.Moreau T, Manceau E, Giroud-Baleydier F, Dumas R, Giroud M. Headache in hypothyroidism. Prevalence and outcome under thyroid hormone therapy. Cephalalgia.1998 Dec;18(10):687-9.Iwasaki Y, Kinoshita M, Ikeda K, Takamiya K, Shiojima T. Thyroid function in patients with chronic headache. Int J Neurosci. 1991 Apr;57(3-4):263-7.Abend NS, Younkin D. Medical Causes of Headache in Children. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2007 Oct;11(5):401-7.Abend NS, Younkin D, Lewis DW. Secondary headaches in children and adolescents. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2010 Jun;17(2):123-33

Comparison of outcome of assisted reproductive methods in patient with polycystic ovaries syndrome and tubal factor

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: تخمدان پلی کیستیک شایع ترین علت در زنان با نازایی به دلیل عدم تخمک گذاری است. شواهدی از ارتباط این اختلال با وجود هورمون های غیر طبیعی در خون وجود دارد. مشخصه های آندوکرینی غیر طبیعی در زنان مبتلا به این سندرم وجود دارد که اثرات آن بر روی تکامل ابتدایی سلول تخم و حاملگی روشن نیست. مطالعه حاضر برای تعیین این اثرات به مقایسه میزان لقاح، کیفیت رویان و میزان حاملگی در زنان با سندرم تخمدان پلی کیستیک و زنان با نازایی لوله پرداخته است. روش بررسی: نوع مطالعه کوهورت آینده نگر است و بر روی 130 زن با سندرم تخمدان پلی کیستیک و 130 زن با نازایی لوله ایی که در مرکز ناباروری اصفهان تحت درمان با تکنیک های کمک باروری قرار گرفته بودند انجام شد. تعداد اووسیت به دست آمده، میزان لقاح (نسبت تعداد اووسیت لقاح یافته به تعداد اووسیت)، تعداد رویان، کیفیت رویان، میزان حاملگی کلینیکی در دو گروه مورد ارزیابی و مقایسه قرار گرفت. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد میانگین تعداد اووسیت، تعداد رویان و اسکور تجمعی کیفیت رویان در زنان با سندرم تخمدان پلی کیستیک بیش از گروه زنان با نازایی لوله ایی بود (05/0(

Evaluation of upper limb disability in pregnant women suffering from carpal tunnel syndrome

Background and aim: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a collection of sensory-motor signs and symptoms which are created due to mechanical pressure on median nerve at wrist. A considerable portion of these patients are pregnant women. The aim of this study was evaluate functional disabilities of upper limb due to CTS in pregnant women. Methods: A descriptive and analytical study was performed on 267 pregnant women, who had received health care service in Obstetrics and Gynecology clinics of Shariati & Sepahan hospitals in Isfahan Iran, 2005. From the total number of the pregnant women, 52 women who were affected by carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and 54 women who had not shown the symptoms of CTS were divided in two different groups. Minor and background data were obtained from conversation and physical examination. Scores of functional disability of upper limb were obtained from DASH questionnaire. Student’s t test and Man-Whitney test were used to compare the difference between groups. Results: 52 out of 267 pregnant women (19.47%) suffered from carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) with average age of 25±4.3 years. 51.9% of the women were experiencing their first pregnancy (primigravida). 82.7% of the pregnant women affected carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in third trimester of their pregnancy. The average weight gain in affected carpal tunnel syndrome women was significantly more than the asymptomatic women (P<0.001). The total score and mean score of other parts of DASH scoring system in affected carpal tunnel syndrome women were significantly higher than the asymptomatic women (P<0.001). Conclusion: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in pregnant women, especially during third trimester, can lead to functional disabilities in their upper limb. As a result, it can cause undesirable effects on personal efficiency. So, it is needed to teach and give more information to the pregnant women about these disabilities

Evaluation of Survival Rate and Pattern of Risk Factors and Recurrence Rate in Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer with other Subtypes

Introduction: Breast cancer nowadays is one the major health issue especially in industrial population. Despite excessive researches in this regard, there is still no detailed and relevant information on the association between the risk factors of this cancer and its many outcomes. Due to increasing rate of breast cancer in Iran, including Yazd city, the present study was designed to evaluate the relationship between survival and recurrence rate with pattern of risk factors in breast cancer patients.Methods: This analytical study was conducted retrospectively on 333 patients with breast cancer during 8 years (2005-2013). Total survival and recurrence rates recorded in month for all samples, and then were analyzed and compared other obtained data. Chi-square and log rank were selected tests for analyzing and Kaplan-Meier was applicable curve for survival analyzing.Results: The mean age of subjects was 57.02 ± 12.32 years. The mean total survival rate was 93.15 ± 1.25 months (97.9%). The mean total recurrence rate was 84.59 ± 1.91 months (89.8%). The subgroups of breast cancer had no significant relationship with risk factors (P&gt;0.05) though BMI and recurrence rate had significant relationship (P=0.045). Other risk factors had no significant relationship with total survival and recurrence rates. The mean duration of OCP (oral contraceptive pill) consumption was significantly more in the patients with ER-PR-Her2+ subgroup than other groups (P=0.03).  Conclusion: According the findings, BMI lower than 25 is strong prognostic factor for recurrence rate in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Because of high survival rate of patients with breast cancer during eight years, it is recommended to study on high survival period with larger sample sizes for accessing reliable evidence.

PREVALENCE OF ADDICTION IN MALES: ISFAHAN 2003

Abstract&nbsp; INTRODUCTION: The use of illicit drugs is increasingly prevalent among young people in many countries. The adverse consequences of drug use by youth includes dependence, overdose, accidents, physical and psychological damage, and premature death. methods: This cross-sectional was conducted on men at least 15 years old in Isfahan. Data were collected using two questionnaires filled out in a prison and in a city square in summer, 2003. The samples numbered 6400 and the variables included age, level of education, job, the prevalence of smoking, the prevalence of cigarette smoking in addicts, the prevalence of illicit drug use in cigarette smokers, age of beginning to smoke, and type of used substance. results: Data showed the prevalence of illicit drug use to be 5&plusmn;0.4% in men over 15 years living in Isfahan. The prevalence of opiates use relative to cigarette smoking was 22 %, and the prevalence of cigarette smoking relative to opiates use was 94.5%. Discussion: Opium and heroin were found to be the most commonly used opioids. The onset age of smoking and addiction was also found to have decreased. These findings must be kept in mind when planning preventive and therapeutic programs.Keywords . Addiction prevalence . Cigarette smoking . Isfahan . Illicit drugs</p

Yazd Medical Interns\' Knowledge on Legal Rules and Religious Orders in Medicine

Introduction: In addition to precise physical examination and objective observations, it is necessary for students and interns to be knowledgeable about the rules and religious orders in medicine. This study was performed to investigate Yazd interns' knowledge on religious orders and legal rules in medicine. Methods: In this descriptive study performed in educational health centers of Yazd, 120 interns selected through census sampling were asked about religious orders and legal rules in medicine using a researcher made questionnaire. Data was analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics and chi² test. Results: Fourteen point three percent of interns had knowledge about religious orders and legal rules Among which, 11.8% had knowledge about legal rules and 14.6 about religious orders. Seventy two percent had faced with cases about which did not know the related rules. Eighty three point two percent believed that academic courses of medical education did not provide enough information to resolve many problems. Level of their knowledge showed no significant relationship with demographic features. Conclusion: Interns' knowledge about religious orders and legal rules was in an average level. It is recommended to increase the content of medical curriculum regarding medical ethics and related issues

Study of the association between blood types and breast cancer among Isfahanian women with breast cancer

Background: Previous studies suggest a possible association between ABO blood group and the risk of breast cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of a possible association between breast cancer and blood groups ABO and Rh. Materials and Methods: 549 women including 173 cases and 376 controls were selected. The case group included patients with breast cancer and the cancer diagnosis was confirmed for all of them. The control group included women with no reports of breast cancer. Blood group sampling of all cases was performed. The obtained information regarding presence or absence of cancer, blood type, age group and type of cancer were analyzed. Results: There is no significant association between blood types ABO (Rh) and the breast cancer. ( P > 0.05) It has been found that the prevalence of invasive intraductal carcinoma was 85% among the cases. About 5% of the total diagnosed cancers in the case group were allocated to modularly carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma and Paget′s disease. There was no relative frequency in specific blood group for these three types of cancer. The blood types ABO (Rh) and breast cancer type showed no significant relation (P = 0.2). Conclusion: According to the obtained results from this study, there was no relative frequency in specific blood group for these three types of cancer and the blood type could not be influenced as a risk factor in breast cancer

Evaluation of glutathione S‑transferase T1 deletion polymorphism on type 2 diabetes mellitus risk in Zoroastrian females in Yazd, Iran

<p>GSTT1 deletion polymorphism and T2DM</p