Massive pulmonary embolism: surgical embolectomy versus thrombolytic therapy—should surgical indications be revisited?†

OBJECTIVES The treatment of massive pulmonary embolism (PE) is a matter of debate. We present our institutional experience of patients suffering from massive PE with the aim of comparing the early results, the outcome and quality of life (QoL) between patients primarily assigned to either pulmonary surgical embolectomy (SE) or thrombolytic therapy (TL). A subgroup of patients (TS) with failed responses to TL requiring SE was separately analysed. METHODS All consecutive patients (January 2001-December 2007) with computed tomography (CT)-scan-confirmed massive bilateral central or paracentral PE were reviewed. All clinical data were retrieved from our patients' registry and completed by the evaluation of the CT-scan-derived right ventricle/left ventricle ratio (RV/LV ratio). Follow-up focused on clinical outcome and QoL was obtained. RESULTS Eighty patients were analysed including 28 SE (35%) and 52 TL (65%), of whom 11 (21%) required TS. Demographics and preoperative characteristics were similar between SE and TL. Analysis of the RV/LV ratio revealed a ratio of 1.66 for SEand 1.44 for TL. The early mortality rate was not significantly different between the two groups (SE: 3.6% versus TL: 13.5%), whereas early mortality was 27% in those patients treated initially with thrombolysis and subsequently requiring SE (TS-group). Severe bleeding complications were lower in the SE-group (3.6% versus 26.5% P=0.013). Intracerebral bleeding rates and neurological events were not statistically different. After a mean follow-up of 63±21 months, the mortality rate was 17.9% in the SE-group and 23.1% in the TL-group. CONCLUSIONS SE is an excellent treatment option in massive PE with comparable early mortality rates and significantly less bleeding complications than TL. Patients having surgery after inefficient thrombolysis have the worst early outcome. The RV/LV CT-scan ratio might serve as a predictor to differentiate patients, who could profit from direct surgical intervention than thrombolytic treatment attempts. Further studies are required to confirm these result

von Willebrand Factor and Its Propeptide in Children with Diabetes. Relation between Endothelial Dysfunction and Microalbuminuria

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Aspetti di una relazione complicata: Italia e Albania dalla prima guerra mondiale alla Guerra fredda Aspects of a complicated relationship: Italy and Albania from World War I to the Cold War

The idea behind this collection of essays was to bring together a congruent number of contributions that, ranging from World War I to the post-World War II period, could deepen in a sufficiently original way some of the aspects of the Italian-Albanian affair with the aim, of course, of offering the scientific community new insights into aspects less known from the research that has preceded us. have preceded us