Semaine d'Etude Mathématiques et Entreprises 6 : Représentation des fonctions de réponse radiométrique

Ce rapport rassemble les différentes pistes de réponses apportées au problème posé par l'entreprise Kolor lors de la 6ème Semaine d'Étude Maths-Entreprises de juin 2013. Le problème porte sur la représentation de fonctions de réponse radiométrique utilisées dans de nombreux logiciels de manipulation de photographies. Une grande partie du travail effectué a consisté à comprendre le problème et ses enjeux afin de le formaliser de façon mathématique. Après une description formelle des outils envisagés, nous les évaluons par rapport aux contraintes du problème afin de déterminer leurs avantages et inconvénients. D'un point de vue pratique, les outils sont présentés dans l'objectif d'être éventuellement développés et intégrés à un logiciel existant. Nous avons donc tenté, dans la mesure du possible, de prendre en compte la simplicité de ces outils que ce soit du côté développement ou du côté utilisation. Ce rapport s'articule en six parties. Après une description pratique du problème, nous en détaillons les principales caractéristiques. Dans une troisième partie, nous décrivons les trois outils envisagés. Les deux parties suivantes constituent l'étude des outils par rapport aux contraintes du problème. Finalement nous donnons une conclusion de cette étude

Natural Radioactivity Level of Phosphate Fertilizers and Related Products from Al-Qaim Complex Plant in Iraq by Using Solid State Nuclear Track Detector

The natural radioactivity level of phosphate rock, P2O5 (29 - 30 %), TSP, MAP, phosphoric acid, NPK, cryolite, zeolite samples obtained from Al-Qaim Complex Plant in Iraq, as well as organic bitmuse fertilizers were recorded by using solid state nuclear track detector, (SSNTD) CR-39. Three positions were selected for detectors exposure; the upper position that can record the radon originated from uranium; the middle (sample surface), and inside the sample to estimate the total alpha emitter isotopes. The measured values of the radioactivity level were found to be within the range of 113.52 - 1034.29 Bq/m3 and these values belong to Cold (organic bitmuse fertilizers) and MAP-3 (Monoammonium phosphate) samples, respectively. The later was obtained from the treatment process of ~ 60 % phosphoric acid (WPA) with phosphate rock in the Wet process. Generally, the value of the total of radon and thoron radioactivity Ca, roughly indicated by the surface detectors, throughout the chemical process was generally twice the measurement related to uranium at the upper detector. Zeolite sample showed higher radioactivity level than phosphate rock, and this can be considered, as unexpected result for it is not famous ore for uranium scavenging

Gel-type autologous chondrocyte (Chondron™) implantation for treatment of articular cartilage defects of the knee

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Gel-type autologous chondrocyte (Chondron™) implantations have been used for several years without using periosteum or membrane. This study involves evaluations of the clinical results of Chondron™ at many clinical centers at various time points during the postoperative patient follow-up.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Data from 98 patients with articular cartilage injury of the knee joint and who underwent Chondron™ implantation at ten Korean hospitals between January 2005 and November 2008, were included and were divided into two groups based on the patient follow-up period, i.e. 13~24-month follow-up and greater than 25-month follow-up. The telephone Knee Society Score obtained during telephone interviews with patients, was used as the evaluation tool.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>On the tKSS-A (telephone Knee Society Score-A), the score improved from 43.52 ± 20.20 to 89.71 ± 13.69 (P < 0.05), and on the tKSS-B (telephone Knee Society Score-B), the score improved from 50.66 ± 20.05 to 89.38 ± 15.76 (P < 0.05). The total improvement was from 94.18 ± 31.43 to 179.10 ± 24.69 (P < 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Gel-type autologous chondrocyte implantation for chondral knee defects appears to be a safe and effective method for both decreasing pain and improving knee function.</p

MACI - a new era?

Full thickness articular cartilage defects have limited regenerative potential and are a significant source of pain and loss of knee function. Numerous treatment options exist, each with their own advantages and drawbacks. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the problem of cartilage injury, a brief description of current treatment options and outcomes, and a discussion of the current principles and technique of Matrix-induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (MACI). While early results of MACI have been promising, there is currently insufficient comparative and long-term outcome data to demonstrate superiority of this technique over other methods for cartilage repair