Utilizing Reduced Graphene Oxide-Iron Nanoparticles Composite to Enhance and Accelerate the Removal of Methyl Blue Organic Dye in Wastewater

In this work, a nano-composite is used to remove dye from wastewater of different industries. For this purpose, thesynthesis of a magnetic 1:1 composite made of iron nanoparticles (NPs) using reduced graphene oxide is a novel techniqueand tested for Methyl Blue (MB) dye adsorption from aqueous solution. In this study Fe nanoparticles in reduced Graphenecomposite (FGOC) has been prepared using Graphene Oxide (GO). X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy and Ramanspectroscopy, are used to identify the structures. Many methods have been developed for MB removal in wastewater. One ofthe most popular methods is adsorption because it is simple and high-efficiency, and the adsorbent is crucial. It reached amaximum MB adsorption at pH 7. The kinetic study indicated that the adsorption of MB process was fitted well to thequasi-first-order and quasi-second-order kinetic models. The isotherm study revealed that the MB adsorption process obeyedthe Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption Isotherms models. The GO adding content and absorption conditions on the methylblue removal efficiencies were investigated. This adsorbent is easily recovered by an external magnetic field from thetreated wastewater and has high reusability

Efficacy of Prophylactic use of Ciprofloxacin and Metronidazole in Mild and Moderately Severe Acute Pancreatitis

Introduction: There are new concepts and developments in the diagnosis and management of acute pancreatitis. Current evidence suggests that there is no role of prophylactic antibiotics use in acute pancreatitis. However, it is still a common practice to administer prophylactic antibiotics in a country like Nepal. So, we have conducted a study in mild and moderately severe acute pancreatitis to study the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics. Methods: A case control study was conducted among 76 patients comparing efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics versus no antibiotics in patients with mild and moderately severe acute pancreatitis. Results: The two most common etiology of acute pancreatitis in AG and NAG were alcohol 21 (55.2%) vs. 24 (63.1%) and biliary 10 (26.3%) vs. 4 (10.5%) respectively. Pancreatic necrosis was seen in five (13.1 %) in AG and four (10.5%) in NAG. Four (10.5%) developed extra pancreatic complications in AG and five (13.1%) in NAG. There was one (2.6%) death in AG and no death in NAG. Abdominal pain improvement seen in AG vs. NAG was 3.2 days vs. 2.4 days (p =0.002). The hospital stay was 7.7±2.23 days in AG and 7.5±1.85 days in NAG (p=0.65). Conclusions: The routine use of prophylactic antibiotics for mild and moderately severe acute pancreatitis is not associated with improvement in meaningful clinical outcomes. Keywords: Atlanta classification 2012; mild acute pancreatitis; moderately severe acute pancreatitis; prophylactic antibiotic. [PubMed

Utilizing Reduced Graphene Oxide-Iron Nanoparticles Composite to Enhance and Accelerate the Removal of Methyl Blue Organic Dye in Wastewater

914-921In this work, a nano-composite is used to remove dye from wastewater of different industries. For this purpose, the synthesis of a magnetic 1:1 composite made of iron nanoparticles (NPs) using reduced graphene oxide is a novel technique and tested for Methyl Blue (MB) dye adsorption from aqueous solution. In this study Fe nanoparticles in reduced Graphene composite (FGOC) has been prepared using Graphene Oxide (GO). X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, are used to identify the structures. Many methods have been developed for MB removal in wastewater. One of the most popular methods is adsorption because it is simple and high-efficiency, and the adsorbent is crucial. It reached a maximum MB adsorption at pH 7. The kinetic study indicated that the adsorption of MB process was fitted well to the quasi-first-order and quasi-second-order kinetic models. The isotherm study revealed that the MB adsorption process obeyed the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption Isotherms models. The GO adding content and absorption conditions on the methyl blue removal efficiencies were investigated. This adsorbent is easily recovered by an external magnetic field from the treated wastewater and has high reusability

Calcutta 1981

A city laden with symbolic meaning in the Western mind, Calcutta – with ten million inhabitants today – is much more than the apathetic or violent display of urban destitution in India, as seen by the world at large. This collection tries to reach precisely beyond the cliches, to enable some of those who work in the city as decision-makers, planners or analysts, to speak out and Interpret the multifaceted crisis that has hit this city as it continues to grow, even though its economy is in decline. Their words have all the force as they are derived from first-hand experience. In analysing the laboured evolution of this city, once known as "the most beautiful city east of Suez", we have provided some material on a major case-study for the debate on urban planning and development in the Third World. The planning exercise launched in Calcutta in early 1960s, with support from American experts, hoped also to halt the spread of communism in Bengal. This was a vain expectation, however, as the Communist Party of India-Marxist has been continuously voted into power since 1977. From that date, the Left Front Government has controlled the Calcutta Metropolitan Development Authority, which provides amenities to the city and metropolitan district with support from, among others, the World Bank. What are henceforth the urban development policies of "parliamentary communism"? What are the problems they are up against when action is necessary on all fronts at once? In the final analysis, for what purpose and for whom are they planning? What should be the priorities? To set up the economy to right first? To provide amenities for the city? Or to improve the daily life of the most underprivileged? When confronted with these realities, what the Left is able to achieve in power? These are some of the questions that the contributors to this collection have, in their own way, been concerned with in creating an image of present-day Calcutta, seen through its own eyes.To Pushkar and Subha, to Barun, Ella, Sudhesna, Swamik, and to the memory of M.G. Kutty, a South Indian who choosed to strive for a better Calcutta, for India is one

What is the impact of snakebite envenoming on domestic animals? A nation-wide community-based study in Nepal and CameroonRecommendations

Snakebite envenoming is a life-threatening disease in humans and animals and a major public health issue in rural communities of South-East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Yet the impact of snakebite on domestic animals has been poorly studied. This study aimed to describe the context, clinical features, treatment, and outcomes of snakebite envenoming in domestic animals in Nepal and Cameroon. Primary data on snakebite in animals were recorded from a community-based nation-wide survey on human and animal snakebite in Nepal and Cameroon (Snake-byte project). Mobile teams collected data on snakebite in humans and animals in 13,879 and 10,798 households in Nepal and Cameroon respectively from December 2018 to June 2019. This study included 405 snakebite cases (73 in Nepal and 332 in Cameroon) in multiple types of animals. An interview with a structured questionnaire collected specific information about the animal victims.Snake bites in animals took place predominantly inside and around the house or farm in Nepal (92%) and Cameroon (71%). Other frequent locations in Cameroon were field or pasture (12%). A large diversity of clinical features was reported in all types of envenomed animals. They showed either a few clinical signs (e.g., local swelling, bleeding) or a combination of multiple clinical signs. Only 9% of animal victims, mainly cattle and buffaloes and less frequently goats, sheep, and dogs, received treatment, predominantly with traditional medicine. The overall mortality of snakebite was 85% in Nepal and 87% in Cameroon.Results from this nationwide study show an important impact of snakebite on animal health in Nepal and Cameroon. There is a need for cost-effective prevention control strategies and affordable snakebite therapies in the veterinary field to save animal lives and farmer livelihood in the poorest countries of the world. The WHO global strategy to prevent and control snakebite envenoming supports a One Health approach, which may help develop integrated solutions to the snakebite problem taking into account human and animal health