Youths and Communities: Toward Comprehensive Strategies for Youth Development

Society\u27s conventional response to problems of young people such as teenage pregnancy, school dropout, substance abuse, juvenile delinquency, and violence -- is to target a specific problem and develop intervention or prevention programs for individuals who manifest the problem or are at high risk of it. Research shows that overlapping risk and protective factors affect the occurrence of all of these problems and that prevention strategies aimed at enhancing youths\u27 development, reducing communities specific risks, and strengthening protective factors are likely to be more successful than programs addressing the problem behaviors themselves. Among such strategies deserving wider consideration are comprehensive community initiatives that create collaborative partnerships among public officials, service providers, primary institutions, and citizens to promote the well-being of children, youths, and families

Takeover Bids, Defensive Stock Repurchases, and the Efficient Allocation of Corporate Control

The objective of this paper is to define a simple form of "fair" competition between the manager and the raider for corporate control, and then explore the characteristics of the resulting allocation process. In particular, we let the raider make one any-or-all bid for sharaes in the firm, and allow the manager to respond by declaring support or opposition and if opposition by making a bid to repurchase a fixed number of the outstanding shares. In doing so, we rule out a variety of defensive tactics, such as greenmail, poison pills, or simply imposing endless delays on the process, since these tactics are available only to the manager and so are "unfair." Use of a repurchase bid as a defensive tactic has become more common recently, and we provide a formal analysis of when and why it can be used successfully.Center for Research on Economic and Social Theory, Department of Economics, University of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/100709/1/ECON017.pd

Paper Session I-A - Autonomous Flight Safety System

Autonomous Flight Safety System (AFSS) is an independent flight safety system designed for small to medium sized expendable launch vehicles launching from or needing range safety protection while overlying relatively remote locations. AFSS replaces the need for a man-in-the-loop to make decisions for flight termination. AFSS could also serve as the prototype for an autonomous manned flight crew escape advisory system. AFSS utilizes onboard sensors and processors to emulate the human decision-making process using rule-based software logic and can dramatically reduce safety response time during critical launch phases. The Range Safety flight path nominal trajectory, its deviation allowances, limit zones and other flight safety rules are stored in the onboard computers. Position, velocity and attitude data obtained from onboard global positioning system (GPS) and inertial navigation system (INS) sensors are compared with these rules to determine the appropriate act ion to ensure that people and property are not jeopardized. The final system will be fully redundant and independent with multiple processors, sensors, and deadman switches to prevent inadvertent flight termination. AFSS is currently in Phase Ill which includes updated algorithms, integrated GPS/INS sensors, large scale simulation testing and initial aircraft flight testing

Simplest Prussian-blue deposition from ferric ferricyanide solution by a reducing Ag spot put onto an ITO substrate

Prussian-blue (PB) film for electro-chromism can be electro-deposited on to an electrode (usually tin-doped indium oxide/glass) either directly from a PB colloid or from ferric ferricyanide in a two-electrode electro-chemical cell by applying a reductive potential. Alternatively, a “sacrificial” electron-producing silver flag electrode in the solution, when connected to the PB-receiving electrode, can effect the required reductive deposition. A silver spot, here innovatively applied as silver paint directly onto the deposition electrode, produces PB film on immersion in the iron(III)(III) solution, obviating the separate counter-electrode method

Rh(DIP)_3^(3+): a shape-selective metal complex which targets cruciforms

The coordination complex tris(4,7-diphenylphenanthroline)rhodium(III), Rh(DIP)_3^(3+) binds to and, upon photoactivation, cleaves both DNA strands near the base of a DNA cruciform Sites of photoinduced double-stranded DNA cleavage by the rhodium complex map to regions containing cruciforms on closed circular pBR322, pColE1 and φX174 (replicative form) DNAs. Neither cleavage nor binding by the metal complex, assayed using S1 nuclease, is found on the linear plasmid which lacks the extruded cruciform. High resolution mapping experiments reveal that h(DIP)_3^(3+) cleaves at a specific AT-rich site neighboring the stem of the minor cruciform on pBR322. The primary site of cleavage is found at position 3238 on the 3'-strand and 3250 on the 5-strand and is remarkably specific. The pattern of cleavage, to one side only of the cruciform stem, indicates an asymmetry in the cruciform structure recognized by the complex. These results suggest that Rh(DIP)_3^(3+) may provide a useful reagent to probe cruciform sites. In addition, the high degree of specificity found in targeting the cruciform structure with this simple metal complex underscores the utility of shape-selection for the recognition of specific sites on a DNA strand

Realisation of a low frequency SKA Precursor: The Murchison Widefield Array

The Murchison Widefield Array is a low frequency (80-300 MHz) SKA Precursor, comprising 128 aperture array elements distributed over an area of 3 km diameter. The MWA is located at the extraordinarily radio quiet Murchison Radioastronomy Observatory in the mid-west of Western Australia, the selected home for the Phase 1 and Phase 2 SKA low frequency arrays. The MWA science goals include: 1) detection of fluctuations in the brightness temperature of the diffuse redshifted 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen from the epoch of reionisation; 2) studies of Galactic and extragalactic processes based on deep, confusion-limited surveys of the full sky visible to the array; 3) time domain astrophysics through exploration of the variable radio sky; and 4) solar imaging and characterisation of the heliosphere and ionosphere via propagation effects on background radio source emission. This paper will focus on a brief discussion of the as-built MWA system, highlighting several novel characteristics of the instrument, and a brief progress report (as of June 2012) on the final construction phase. Practical completion of the MWA is expected in November 2012, with commissioning commencing from approximately August 2012 and operations commencing near mid 2013. A brief description of recent science results from the MWA prototype instrument is given