The Structure of a Receptor with Two Associating Transmembrane Domains on the Cell Surface: Integrin α\u3csub\u3eIIb\u3c/sub\u3eβ\u3csub\u3e3\u3c/sub\u3e

Structures of intact receptors with single-pass transmembrane domains are essential to understand how extracellular and cytoplasmic domains regulate association and signaling through transmembrane domains. A chemical and computational method to determine structures of the membrane regions of such receptors on the cell surface is developed here and validated with glycophorin A. An integrin heterodimer structure reveals association over most of the lengths of the α and β transmembrane domains and shows that the principles governing association of hetero and homo transmembrane dimers differ. A turn at the Gly of the juxtamembrane GFFKR motif caps the α TM helix and brings the two Phe of GFFKR into the α/β interface. A juxtamembrane Lys residue in β also has an important role in the interface. The structure shows how transmembrane association/dissociation regulates integrin signaling. A joint ectodomain and membrane structure shows that substantial flexibility between the extracellular and TM domains is compatible with TM signaling. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Observational evidence for the convective transport of dust over the central United States

Bulk aerosol composition and aerosol size distributions measured aboard the DC-8 aircraft during the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry Experiment mission in May/June 2012 were used to investigate the transport of mineral dust through nine storms encountered over Colorado and Oklahoma. Measurements made at low altitudes (\u3c5 km mean sea level (MSL)) in the storm inflow region were compared to those made in cirrus anvils (altitude \u3e 9 km MSL). Storm mean outflow Ca2+ mass concentrations and total coarse (1 µm \u3c diameter \u3c 5 µm) aerosol volume (Vc) were comparable to mean inflow values as demonstrated by average outflow/inflow ratios greater than 0.5. A positive relationship between Ca2+, Vc, ice water content, and large (diameter \u3e 50 µm) ice particle number concentrations was not evident; thus, the influence of ice shatter on these measurements was assumed small. Mean inflow aerosol number concentrations calculated over a diameter range (0.5 µm \u3c diameter \u3c 5.0 µm) relevant for proxy ice nuclei (NPIN) were ~15–300 times higher than ice particle concentrations for all storms. Ratios of predicted interstitial NPIN (calculated as the difference between inflow NPIN and ice particle concentrations) and inflow NPIN were consistent with those calculated for Ca2+ and Vc and indicated that on average less than 10% of the ingested NPIN were activated as ice nuclei during anvil formation. Deep convection may therefore represent an efficient transport mechanism for dust to the upper troposphere where these particles can function as ice nuclei cirrus forming in situ

Preliminary Cruise Report, W0007A, R/V WECOMA, 7-13 July 2000 : GLOBEC/ENSO Long-Term Observations off Oregon

PURPOSE: To determine physical, plankton and nutrient/chemical conditions over the continental margin for climate change studies in NE Pacific. In particular, to make CTD and CTD/rosette and net tow stations along 5 lines (off Newport, Heceta Head, Coos Bay, the Rogue River, OR. and Crescent City, CA., to make continuous bio-acoustic observations between the 50-500m. isobaths along the 5 lines, to deploy drifters at selected locations on the Newport line, and to make continuous observations of currents using ADCP and of surface-layer temperature, salinity and fluorescence by means of ship’s thru-flo system

Preliminary Cruise Report, W0009A Leg 1, R/V WECOMA, 7-12 September 2000 : GLOBEC/ENSO Long-Term Observations off Oregon

PURPOSE: To determine physical, plankton and nutrient/chemical conditions over the continental margin for climate change studies in NE Pacific. In particular, to make CTD and CTD/rosette and net tow stations along 5 lines (off Newport, Heceta Head, Coos Bay, the Rogue River, OR. and Crescent City, CA.), to make continuous bio-acoustic observations between the 50-500m. isobaths along the 5 lines, to deploy drifters at selected locations on the Newport line, and to make continuous observations of currents using ADCP and of surface-layer temperature, salinity and fluorescence by means of ship’s thru-flo system

Preliminary Cruise Report, W9911A, R/V WECOMA, 3-5 November 1999 : GLOBEC/ENSO Long-Term Observations off Oregon

PURPOSE: To determine physical, plankton and nutrient/chemical conditions over the continental margin for climate change studies in NE Pacific. In particular, to make CTD and CTD/rosette and net tow stations along one lines off Newport, OR, and to make continuous observations of currents using ADCP and of surface-layer temperature, salinity and fluorescence by means of ship’s thru-flo system

Preliminary Cruise Report, W0002A, R/V WECOMA, 1-3 February 2000 : GLOBEC/ENSO Long-Term Observations off Oregon

PURPOSE: To determine physical, plankton and nutrient/chemical conditions over the continental margin for climate change studies in NE Pacific. In particular, to make CTD and CTD/rosette and net tow stations along one line off Newport, OR, and to make continuous observations of currents using ADCP and of surface-layer temperature, salinity and fluorescence by means of ship’s thru-flo system

Preliminary Cruise Report, W0202A, R/V WECOMA, 19-20 February 2002 : GLOBEC/ENSO Long-Term Observations off Oregon

PURPOSE: To determine physical, plankton and nutrient/chemical conditions over the continental margin for climate change studies in NE Pacific. In particular, to make CTD and CTD/rosette and net tow stations along the Newport Hydro line, to make continuous bio-acoustic observations between the 50-500m. isobath, and to make continuous observations of currents using ADCP and of surfacelayer temperature, salinity and fluorescence by means of ship’s thru-flo system

Preliminary Cruise Report, W9909C, R/V WECOMA, 22-27 September 1999 : GLOBEC/ENSO Long-Term Observations off Oregon

PURPOSE: To determine physical, plankton and nutrient/chemical conditions over the continental margin for climate change studies in NE Pacific. In particular, to make CTD and CTD/rosette and net tow stations along 4 lines (off Newport, Coos Bay, Crescent City and Eureka), to make additional stations along a fifth line (off Rogue River or Heceta Head if time permits), to deploy drifters at selected locations on the Newport line, and to make continuous observations of currents using ADCP and of surface-layer temperature, salinity and fluorescence by means of ship’s thru-flo system

Dicarba-closo-dodecaborane(12) derivatives of phosphonium salts: easy formation of nido-carborane phosphonium zwitterions

The first examples of arylphosphonium salts containing a dicarba-closo-dodecaborane(12) (closo-carborane) are reported; in contrast to the 1,12-carborane derivative, the 1,2- and 1,7-isomers undergo a facile deboronation reaction in polar solvents to afford the corresponding nido-carborane phosphonium zwitterions

Preliminary Cruise Report, W0111B, R/V WECOMA, 27-29 November 2001, GLOBEC NEP Long-Term Observations off Oregon

PURPOSE: To determine physical, plankton and nutrient/chemical conditions over the continental margin for climate change studies in the NE Pacific. In particular, to make CTD/rosette and net tow stations along the Newport Hydro line, to make continuous bio-acoustic observations between the 50-500m. isobath, and to make continuous observations of currents using ADCP and of surface-layer temperature, salinity and fluorescence by means of the ship’s thru-flo system