The Analysis of Turbulent Flow by Hot Wire Signals

When measuring velocities in turbulent gas flow, approximation signal analysis with hot wire anemometers having one and two wire probes are used. A numeric test of standard analyses shows the resulting systemmatic error increases quickly with increasing turbulent intensity. Since it also depends on the turbulence structure, it cannot be corrected. The use of such probes is thus restricted to low turbulence. By means of three wire probes (in two dimensional flows with X wire probes) in principle, instantaneous values of velocity can be determined, and an asymmetric arrangement of wires has a theoretical advantage

The role of electron-screening deformations in solar nuclear fusion reactions and the solar neutrino puzzle

Thermonuclear fusion reaction rates in the solar plasma are enhanced by the presence of the electron cloud that screens fusing nuclei. The present work studies the influence of electron screening deformations on solar reaction rates in the framework of the Debye-Huckel model. These electron-ion cloud deformations, assumed here to be static and axially symmetric, are shown to be able to considerably influence the solar neutrino fluxes of the pp and the CNO chains, with reasonable changes in the macroscopic parameters of the standard solar model (SSM) . Various known deformation sources are discussed but none of them is found strong enough to have a significant impact on the SSM neutrino fluxes.Comment: Revised version (14 RevTeX pages, 3 ps figures). Accepted for publication in Nuclear Physics

Bounds on the Magnetic Fields in the Radiative Zone of the Sun

We discuss bounds on the strength of the magnetic fields that could be buried in the radiative zone of the Sun. The field profiles and decay times are computed for all axisymmetric toroidal Ohmic decay eigenmodes with lifetimes exceeding the age of the Sun. The measurements of the solar oblateness yield a bound <~ 7 MG on the strength of the field. A comparable bound is expected to come from the analysis of the splitting of the solar oscillation frequencies. The theoretical analysis of the double diffusive instability also yields a similar bound. The oblateness measurements at their present level of sensitivity are therefore not expected to measure a toroidal field contribution.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figure

Transfer of Individual Micro- and Nanoparticles for High- Precision 3D Analysis Using 360° Electron Tomography

A versatile approach is demonstrated, providing a general routine for an extensive and advanced 3D characterization of individually selected micro- and nanoparticles, enabling the combination of complementary and scale-bridging techniques. Quintessential to the method is the transfer of individual particles onto tailored tips using a conventional scanning electron microscope equipped with a suitable micromanipulator. The method enables a damage- and contamination-free preparation of freestanding particles. This is of significant importance for applications addressing the measurement of structural, physical, and chemical properties of specifically selected particles, such as 360° electron tomography, atom probe tomography, nano X-ray tomography, or optical near-field measurements. In this context, the method is demonstrated for 360° electron tomography of micro-/macroporous zeolite particles with sizes in the micrometer range and mesoporous alpha-hematite nanoparticles exhibiting sizes of 50–100 nm, including detailed pre- and postcharacterization on the nanoscale.“Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft” (DFG) within the framework of the SPP 1570 (project DFG SP 648/4-3 “3D analysis of complex pore structures using ET and high-resolution TEM”) and the research training group GRK 1896 (“In situ Microscopy with Electrons, X-rays and Scanning Probes”) as well as through the Cluster of Excellence “Engineering of Advanced Materials” at the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (Germany)FIBJulian Losche

Follow your heart

Long distance travel is an unusual activity for humans. The economical cabin environment (low air circulation, limited space, low humidity, etc.) during the long haul flights causes discomfort and even stress for many passengers. In-flight video and music systems are commonly available to improve the comfort level of the passengers. However, current in-flight music systems do not explore how the content can be used to reduce passengers stress. Most of these systems are designed and implemented assuming a homogeneous passenger group that has similar tastes and desires. In this paper, we present a heart rate controlled in-flight music recommendation system for reducing the stress during air travel. The system recommends personalized music playlists to the passengers and attempts to keep their heart rate in a normal range with these playlists. Experiments in a simulated long haul flight cabin environment find that the passengers’ stress can indeed be significantly reduced through listening to the recommended music playlists. Keywords stress, music recommendation, bradycardia, tachycardia, heart rate control, stress reduction, bio feedback, heart rate variabilit