Dutch Focus Groups results. TR 3.54 Interactions with citizens and consumers at local scale

As part of the Endure project, funded by the EU Sixth Framework Programme, two focus group sessions were carried out in January 2010 in the Netherlands. Aim of these focus group sessions was to understand the believes, associations and attitudes people have concerning the use of pesticides and integrated pest management (IPM) in regard to apples and pears. In total 15 people participated in the focus group session and participants were heterogeneous in gender, age and background. They all bought apples and most of them visited farms are farmers markets

Flavor Singlet Contribution to the Structure Function g1g_1 at Small-x

The singlet contribution to the $g_1(x,Q^2)$ structure function is calculated in the double-logarithmic approximation of perturbative QCD in the region $x \ll 1$. Double logarithmic contributions of the type $(\alpha_s \ln ^2 (1/x))^k$ which are not included in the GLAP evolution equations are shown to give a power-like rise at small-x which is much stronger than the extrapolation of the GLAP expressions. The dominant contribution is due to the gluons which, in contrast to the unpolarized case, mix with the fermions also in the region $x \ll 1$. The two main reasons why the small-x behavior of the double logarithmic approximation is so much stronger than the usual GLAP evolution are: the larger kinematical region of integration (in particular, no ordering in transverse momentum) and the contributions from non-ladder diagrams.Comment: LaTeX with 9 Figures in a separate file. Full file also available at http://www.desy.de/ftp/pub/preprints/desy/1996/desy96-025.ps and http://www.desy.de/ftp/pub/preprints/desy/1996/desy96-025.fig1.p

Inclusive production of a pair of hadrons separated by a large interval of rapidity in proton collisions

We consider within QCD collinear factorization the inclusive process $p+p\to h_1+h_2+X$, where the pair of identified hadrons, $h_1,h_2$, having large transverse momenta is produced in high-energy proton-proton collisions. In particular, we concentrate on the kinematics where the two identified hadrons in the final state are separated by a large interval of rapidity $\Delta y$. In this case the (calculable) hard part of the reaction receives large higher order corrections $\sim \alpha^n_s \Delta y^n$. We provide a theoretical input for the resummation of such contributions with next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy (NLA) in the BFKL approach. Specifically, we calculate in NLA the vertex (impact-factor) for the inclusive production of the identified hadron. This process has much in common with the widely discussed Mueller-Navelet jets production and can be also used to access the BFKL dynamics at proton colliders. Another application of the obtained identified-hadron vertex could be the NLA BFKL description of inclusive forward hadron production in DIS.Comment: 29 pages, 9 figures; corrected few typos and added an acknowledgment; version to be published on JHEP. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1202.108

Enhanced Molecular Orientation Induced by Molecular Anti-Alignment

We explore the role of laser induced anti-alignment in enhancing molecular orientation. A field-free enhanced orientation via anti-alignment scheme is presented, which combines a linearly polarized femtosecond laser pulse with a half-cycle pulse. The laser pulse induces transient anti-alignment in the plane orthogonal to the field polarization, while the half-cycle pulse leads to the orientation. We identify two qualitatively different enhancement mechanisms depending on the pulse order, and optimize their effects using classical and quantum models both at zero and non-zero temperature

Geometric Scaling in Inclusive Charm Production

We show that the cross section for inclusive charm production exhibits geometric scaling in a large range of photon virtualities. In the HERA kinematic domain the saturation momentum $Q_{sat}^2(x)$ stays below the hard scale $\mu_c^2=4m_c^2$, implying charm production probing mostly the color transparency regime and unitarization effects being almost negligible. We derive our results considering two saturation models which are able to describe the DESY ep collider HERA data for the proton structure function at small values of the Bjorken variable $x$. A striking feature is the scaling on $\tau=Q_2^2/Q_{sat}^2(x)$ above saturation limit, corroborating recent theoretical studies.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. Version to be published in Physical Review Letter

High Energy Photon-Photon Collisions at a Linear Collider

High intensity back-scattered laser beams will allow the efficient conversion of a substantial fraction of the incident lepton energy into high energy photons, thus significantly extending the physics capabilities of an electron-electron or electron-positron linear collider. The annihilation of two photons produces C=+ final states in virtually all angular momentum states. The annihilation of polarized photons into the Higgs boson determines its fundamental two-photon coupling as well as determining its parity. Other novel two-photon processes include the two-photon production of charged lepton pairs, vector boson pairs, as well as supersymmetric squark and slepton pairs and Higgstrahlung. The one-loop box diagram leads to the production of pairs of neutral particles. High energy photon-photon collisions can also provide a remarkably background-free laboratory for studying possibly anomalous $W W$ collisions and annihilation. In the case of QCD, each photon can materialize as a quark anti-quark pair which interact via multiple gluon exchange. The diffractive channels in photon-photon collisions allow a novel look at the QCD pomeron and odderon. Odderon exchange can be identified by looking at the heavy quark asymmetry. In the case of electron-photon collisions, one can measure the photon structure functions and its various components. Exclusive hadron production processes in photon-photon collisions test QCD at the amplitude level and measure the hadron distribution amplitudes which control exclusive semi-leptonic and two-body hadronic B-decays.Comment: Invited talk, presented at the 5th International Workshop On Electron-Electron Interactions At TeV Energies, Santa Cruz, California, 12-14 December 200

Gluon multiplicity in coherent diffraction of onium on a heavy nucleus

We derive the cross section for the diffractive gluon production in high energy onium-nucleus collisions that includes the low-x evolution effects in the rapidity interval between the onium and the produced gluon and in the rapidity interval between the gluon and the target nucleus. We analyze our result in two limiting cases: when the onium size is much smaller than the saturation scale and when its size is much larger than the saturation scale. In the later case the gluon multiplicity is very small in the quasi-classical case and increases when the low-x evolution effects in onium become significant. We discuss the implications of our result for the RHIC, LHC and EIC phenomenology.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figure

Genetic and environmental covariation between autistic traits and behavioral problems

Objective: To examine the overlap between autistic traits and other behavioral problems in a general population sample, and explore the extent to which this overlap is due to genetic or environmental factors. Method: Youth Self Report (YSR) data were collected in a general population sample of 424 twin pairs at 18 years of age, and their non twin siblings. In 197 of these twin families, self-report ratings on the Autism-spectrum Quotient (AQ) were collected. Results: Stepwise backward regression analyses revealed that of all 8 YSR syndrome scales, the Withdrawn Behavior (WB) and Social Problems (SOC) scale were the most important predictors of AQ scores, and together with sex, explained 23% of the variance in AQ scores. Genetic structural equation modeling showed that the overlap between AQ and WB and SOC was mainly due to genetic effects. About half of the genetic variance in AQ scores was specific to the AQ, with the remaining half shared with genetic variance in WB and SOC. Conclusions: Endorsement of autistic traits in a general population sample is associated with social and withdrawn behavioral problems and these problems partly share a common genetic etiology with autistic traits. However, most of the variance in AQ scores remains unexplained by YSR scores, and half of the genetic variance in AQ is unshared with WB and SOC. These results indicate that autistic traits have specific characteristics that are substantially genetically independent from other common but related behavioral domains such as social problems and withdrawn behavior

Saturation and geometric scaling in DIS at small x

We present various aspects of the saturation model which provides good description of inclusive and diffractive DIS at small x. The model uses parton saturation ideas to take into account unitarity requirements. A new scaling predicted by the model in the small x domain is successfully confronted with the data.Comment: Presented at New Trends in HERA Physics 2001, Ringberg Castle, Tegernsee, Germany, 17-22 June 2001, minor corrections, some references adde