Screams on Screens: Paradigms of Horror

This paper offers a broad historical overview of the ideology and cultural roots of horror films. The genre of horror has been an important part of film history from the beginning and has never fallen from public popularity. It has also been a staple category of multiple national cinemas, and benefits from a most extensive network of extra-cinematic institutions. Horror movies aim to rudely move us out of our complacency in the quotidian world, by way of negative emotions such as horror, fear, suspense, terror, and disgust. To do so, horror addresses fears that are both universally taboo and that also respond to historically and culturally specific anxieties. The ideology of horror has shifted historically according to contemporaneous cultural anxieties, including the fear of repressed animal desires, sexual difference, nuclear warfare and mass annihilation, lurking madness and violence hiding underneath the quotidian, and bodily decay. But whatever the particular fears exploited by particular horror films, they provide viewers with vicarious but controlled thrills, and thus offer a release, a catharsis, of our collective and individual fears. *** Cet article offre un large survol historique de l’idéologie et des racines culturelles des films d’horreur. Le genre de l’horreur a toujours été une partie importante de l’histoire du cinéma et n’est jamais passé de mode auprès du public. Il constitue aussi une catégorie de base de plusieurs cinémas nationaux, et bénéficie d’un réseau étendu d’institutions extra-cinématographiques. Les films d’horreur visent à nous déloger de notre complaisance dans le monde quotidien par des émotions négatives comme l’horreur, la peur, le suspense, la terreur, et le dégoût. Pour ce faire, l’horreur met en scène des peurs qui sont à la fois universellement taboues et qui répondent également à des anxiétés historiquement et culturellement spécifiques. L’idéologie de l’horreur s’est transformée historiquement en accord avec des anxiétés culturelles contemporaines, comme la peur de désirs animaux réprimés, de la différence sexuelle, de la guerre nucléaire et de la destruction massive, de la folie et de la violence cachées sous le quotidien, et du dépérissement du corps. Indépendamment des peurs spécifiques exploitées dans des films particuliers, les films d’horreur proposent aux spectateurs des sensations fortes substitutives et contrôlées, et offrent ainsi la possibilité de décharger, par le biais d’une catharsis, nos peurs collectives et individuelles. This issue was generously supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) and published in partnership with Ludiciné

Designing an optimum shipping tax regime by applying an updated multi-analytical framework

The thesis observes that taxes may be utilised for purposes other than revenue generation. The thesis submits that sea power should constitute a critical objective for designing an optimal shipping tax regime. This submission is partly based on considering the historical development of the American and British registered merchant fleets. The thesis observes that States compete under certain conditions despite globalisation. Therefore, sea power remains a valid underlying objective. The thesis submits that registered merchant vessels constitute a reasonable indicator for assessing a critical component of a State's sea power. The thesis advances the argument that shipping income should primarily be produced from the navigation of these vessels for carrying goods and passengers by sea. This feature of the maritime adventure supports the exceptional mobility of shipping income and is crucial for promoting a State's sea power. These activities are, therefore, primarily deserving of special tax treatment. The thesis constructs a Model Analytical Framework to support the design of an optimal shipping tax regime. The Smithian Framework is a key component. The latter is constructed to, broadly, accord with the tax design principles of the G20 States. The thesis utilises the 1998 OECD Framework assessing harmful tax practices and preferential regimes, as updated by BEPS 5, as the other key component. The significance of this other component is that its key factors should be satisfied for designing preferential regimes that have broader legitimacy internationally. The thesis ranks the benchmarked efficiency and simplicity criteria as dominant priorities to counter the high mobility of the particular tax base. The thesis applies super efficiency intensely to better level the playing fields between the local and foreign ship registers. The thesis observes that the substantial activity factor, as updated by BEPS 5, although having the potential to reduce the mobility of the tax base, is unlikely to do so without more. As a model for an optimal shipping tax regime that exhibits uniformity and simplicity extensively and can promote a State's sea power, the thesis recommends the basic Panamanian design incorporating broader features of the Greek regime

The Bad Lands cow boy : journalism on the Dakota frontier

http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/788665

Growth of YBa2Cu3O7-δ Thin-Films–Nucleation, Heteroepitaxy and Interfaces

A major research effort in high-temperature oxide superconductors is the growth of high-quality thin-films. The physical properties of polycrystalline thin-films are controlled by their microstructure which is influenced by the early stages of film growth and the establishment of epitaxy. In this article, the nucleation and heteroepitactic growth of YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin-films is reviewed. Many of the examples illustrating film growth will be taken from studies using transmission electron microscopy. The importance of the substrate surface in controlling film growth will be discussed, in particular the growth of YBa2Cu3O7-δ films on vicinal MgO surfaces, enabling the formation of highly-oriented microstructures on a substrate where there is a large lattice mismatch. In this case, film growth is described as a form of graphoepitaxy, and models will be presented to show the mechanism for film growth and also how the lattice misfit can be reduced by small rotations of the YBa2Cu3O7-δ lattice

Altered chemomechanical coupling causes impaired motility of the kinesin-4 motors KIF27 and KIF7.

Kinesin-4 motors play important roles in cell division, microtubule organization, and signaling. Understanding how motors perform their functions requires an understanding of their mechanochemical and motility properties. We demonstrate that KIF27 can influence microtubule dynamics, suggesting a conserved function in microtubule organization across the kinesin-4 family. However, kinesin-4 motors display dramatically different motility characteristics: KIF4 and KIF21 motors are fast and processive, KIF7 and its Drosophila melanogaster homologue Costal2 (Cos2) are immotile, and KIF27 is slow and processive. Neither KIF7 nor KIF27 can cooperate for fast processive transport when working in teams. The mechanistic basis of immotile KIF7 behavior arises from an inability to release adenosine diphosphate in response to microtubule binding, whereas slow processive KIF27 behavior arises from a slow adenosine triphosphatase rate and a high affinity for both adenosine triphosphate and microtubules. We suggest that evolutionarily selected sequence differences enable immotile KIF7 and Cos2 motors to function not as transporters but as microtubule-based tethers of signaling complexes

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http://archive.org/details/theeffectoftempo1094516104NAN