Análisis del Balance Energético del Ecuador a través de Dinámica de Sistemas

El presente artículo plantea un modelo de dinámica de sistemas para analizar el balance energético del Ecuador a través de un proceso de simulación. El modelo considera las fuentes de energía primaria, así como las de energía secundaria que son necesarias para satisfacer la demanda. Bajo un conjunto de supuestos y el planteamiento de escenarios entre los años 2014 y 2017, se simula el crecimiento de la demanda de energía por el uso de las nuevas cocinas de inducción y se lo contrasta con el crecimiento de del suministro de energía por la puesta en marcha de nuevos proyectos de generación hidroeléctrica. Los resultados indican que en tres casos de simulación donde se combinan diferentes escenarios de demanda y de generación, se produce un excedente de energía.  En uno de los casos de simulación se produce un déficit de energía. Los excedentes de energía pueden convertirse en el futuro en un recurso de exportación para el Ecuador.

O confinamento por COVID-19 e a satisfação com as empresas de entrega de comida em domicílio

The objectives of this research are to qualitatively explore the attitudes towards online food delivery providers (ODP) during the COVID-19 lockdown in Ecuador, and to quantitatively analyse whether there are changes in e-satisfaction with ODPs and three determinants (e-service quality, delivery workers personal aspects, and food quality). Qualitative analysis results of 104 customer opinions showed positive attitudes towards ODPs and a new motivation for using this service: risk exposure reduction. However, concerns about the application of biosafety guidelines by restaurants and delivery workers were also evident. A structural equations model (n=483) revealed that personal aspects lost significance as a determinant for e-satisfaction during the lockdown, most likely due to personal contact reduction during delivery.Los objetivos de esta investigación son explorar cualitativamente las actitudes hacia los proveedores de comida a domicilio (ODP por sus siglas en inglés) durante el confinamiento por COVID-19 en Ecuador y analizar cuantitativamente si hay cambios en la satisfacción digital respecto a los ODPs y tres determinantes (calidad del servicio digital, aspectos personales de los repartidores y calidad de la comida) en dicho periodo. Los resultados del análisis cualitativo a 104 opiniones de clientes mostraron actitudes positivas hacia los ODPs y una nueva motivación para su uso: reducción de la exposición al riesgo. La preocupación sobre la aplicación de medidas de bioseguridad por restaurantes y repartidores también fue evidente. Un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (n=483) mostró que la variable aspectos personales perdió significancia como determinante de la satisfacción digital durante el confinamiento; resultado atribuible a la reducción del contacto personal durante la entrega de comida.Os objetivos desta pesquisa são explorar qualitativamente as atitudes em relação às empresas de entrega de comida em domicílio (ODP pela sigla em inglês) durante o confinamento por COVID-19 no Equador e analisar quantitativamente se há mudanças na satisfação digital em relação aos ODPs e três fatores determinantes (qualidade do serviço digital, aspectos pessoais dos entregadores e qualidade da comida) no referido período. Os resultados da análise qualitativa de 104 opiniões de clientes evidenciam atitudes positivas em relação aos ODPs e uma nova motivação para a sua utilização: redução da exposição ao risco. A preocupação com a aplicação de medidas de biossegurança por restaurantes e entregadores também foi evidente. Um modelo de equação estrutural (n = 483) mostrou que a variável aspectos pessoais perdeu significância como determinante da satisfação digital durante o confinamento; resultado atribuível à redução do contato pessoal durante a entrega de alimentos

SISTEMA DE COMPENSACIÓN BASADO EN EVALUACIÓN DE DESEMPEÑO EN LA INDUSTRIA DE ELABORACIÓN DE ALIMENTOS: CASO INGENIO AZUCARERO

The present study presents a model of a compensation system to define salary increases based on an evaluation of staff performance. The approach and definition of the proposal is based on Adams' theory of equity (1963) and general theories of performance. The study is based primarily on the application of the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) to check the perception of inequality that workers have regarding the way the company has made the latest wage increases. The application of the survey presents quantitative data that measure the level of employee satisfaction, as well as qualitative data to describe staff views. The results revealed a feeling of inequity among employees regarding the way in which wage increases are determined. Consequently, a performance evaluation model is provided based on a discontinuous graphical scale for four levels of collaborators divided into Managers, Middle Management, General Role and Operations, where competencies are evaluated, future objectives are defined, and the final salary increase is determined.El presente estudio presenta un modelo de sistema de compensación para definir los incrementos salariales con base en una evaluación de desempeño del personal. El planteamiento y definición de la propuesta se basa en la teoría de la equidad de Adams (1963) y teorías generales del desempeño. El estudio se basa principalmente en la aplicación del Cuestionario de Satisfacción de Minnesota (MSQ) para comprobar la percepción de desigualdad que tienen los trabajadores con respecto a la manera que la empresa ha realizado los últimos incrementos salariales. La aplicación de la encuesta presenta datos cuantitativos que miden el nivel de satisfacción de los empleados, así como datos cualitativos para describir las opiniones del personal. Los resultados evidenciaron existe un sentimiento de inequidad en los colaboradores respecto a la forma en que se determinan los incrementos salariales. En consecuencia, se proporciona un modelo de evaluación de desempeño basado en una escala gráfica discontinua para cuatro niveles de colaboradores divididos en Gerentes, Mandos medios, Rol general y Operativos, donde se evalúan competencias, se definen futuros objetivos y se determina el incremento salarial final

Eco-Innovation and Firm Performance: Evidence from South America

Eco-innovation has received a great deal of attention in academia and the business sector because it promotes a firm’s sustainable development and seeks to improve its performance. The prime objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the process, organization, and product eco-innovation on the company’s financial and environmental performance. Using a structural equation model estimated by maximum likelihood and a sample from 214 South American manufacturing companies in Colombia, Ecuador, and Perú, we found that organizational eco-innovation (OE) and process eco-innovation (PCE) are positively and significantly associated with the firm’s environmental and financial performance. In contrast, product eco-innovation (PDE) is not significantly associated with the two types of performance described. Likewise, OE has a significant and positive indirect influence on PDE, environmental performance, and financial performance. These findings suggest that OE and PCE positively affect the firm’s performance. On the contrary, PDE does not have this effect, extending the discussion that eco-innovation is specific to the context of the study

Análisis del Balance Energético del Ecuador a través de Dinámica de Sistemas

El presente artículo plantea un modelo de dinámica de sistemas para analizar el balance energético del Ecuador a través de un proceso de simulación. El modelo considera las fuentes de energía primaria, así como las de energía secundaria que son necesarias para satisfacer la demanda. Bajo un conjunto de supuestos y el planteamiento de escenarios entre los años 2014 y 2017, se simula el crecimiento de la demanda de energía por el uso de las nuevas cocinas de inducción y se lo contrasta con el crecimiento de del suministro de energía por la puesta en marcha de nuevos proyectos de generación hidroeléctrica. Los resultados indican que en tres casos de simulación donde se combinan diferentes escenarios de demanda y de generación, se produce un excedente de energía.  En uno de los casos de simulación se produce un déficit de energía. Los excedentes de energía pueden convertirse en el futuro en un recurso de exportación para el Ecuador.

O confinamento por COVID-19 e a satisfação com as empresas de entrega de comida em domicílio

The objectives of this research are to qualitatively explore the attitudes towards online food delivery providers (ODP) during the COVID-19 lockdown in Ecuador, and to quantitatively analyse whether there are changes in e-satisfaction with ODPs and three determinants (e-service quality, delivery workers personal aspects, and food quality). Qualitative analysis results of 104 customer opinions showed positive attitudes towards ODPs and a new motivation for using this service: risk exposure reduction. However, concerns about the application of biosafety guidelines by restaurants and delivery workers were also evident. A structural equations model (n=483) revealed that personal aspects lost significance as a determinant for e-satisfaction during the lockdown, most likely due to personal contact reduction during delivery.Los objetivos de esta investigación son explorar cualitativamente las actitudes hacia los proveedores de comida a domicilio (ODP por sus siglas en inglés) durante el confinamiento por COVID-19 en Ecuador y analizar cuantitativamente si hay cambios en la satisfacción digital respecto a los ODPs y tres determinantes (calidad del servicio digital, aspectos personales de los repartidores y calidad de la comida) en dicho periodo. Los resultados del análisis cualitativo a 104 opiniones de clientes mostraron actitudes positivas hacia los ODPs y una nueva motivación para su uso: reducción de la exposición al riesgo. La preocupación sobre la aplicación de medidas de bioseguridad por restaurantes y repartidores también fue evidente. Un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (n=483) mostró que la variable aspectos personales perdió significancia como determinante de la satisfacción digital durante el confinamiento; resultado atribuible a la reducción del contacto personal durante la entrega de comida.Os objetivos desta pesquisa são explorar qualitativamente as atitudes em relação às empresas de entrega de comida em domicílio (ODP pela sigla em inglês) durante o confinamento por COVID-19 no Equador e analisar quantitativamente se há mudanças na satisfação digital em relação aos ODPs e três fatores determinantes (qualidade do serviço digital, aspectos pessoais dos entregadores e qualidade da comida) no referido período. Os resultados da análise qualitativa de 104 opiniões de clientes evidenciam atitudes positivas em relação aos ODPs e uma nova motivação para a sua utilização: redução da exposição ao risco. A preocupação com a aplicação de medidas de biossegurança por restaurantes e entregadores também foi evidente. Um modelo de equação estrutural (n = 483) mostrou que a variável aspectos pessoais perdeu significância como determinante da satisfação digital durante o confinamento; resultado atribuível à redução do contato pessoal durante a entrega de alimentos

Eco-Innovation and Firm Performance: Evidence from South America

Eco-innovation has received a great deal of attention in academia and the business sector because it promotes a firm’s sustainable development and seeks to improve its performance. The prime objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the process, organization, and product eco-innovation on the company’s financial and environmental performance. Using a structural equation model estimated by maximum likelihood and a sample from 214 South American manufacturing companies in Colombia, Ecuador, and Perú, we found that organizational eco-innovation (OE) and process eco-innovation (PCE) are positively and significantly associated with the firm’s environmental and financial performance. In contrast, product eco-innovation (PDE) is not significantly associated with the two types of performance described. Likewise, OE has a significant and positive indirect influence on PDE, environmental performance, and financial performance. These findings suggest that OE and PCE positively affect the firm’s performance. On the contrary, PDE does not have this effect, extending the discussion that eco-innovation is specific to the context of the study

Influencia de la Autonomía Laboral en el Balance Vida-Trabajo del Personal de Atención Médica

Los trabajadores pueden alcanzar el bienestar laboral a partir de la autonomía y el balance vida-trabajo. Este bienestar, reduce la exposición a factores negativos que afectan su salud física y psicológica. Por ello, esta investigación determina la relación que existe entre autonomía y balance vida-trabajo en los profesionales de salud del área de emergencia. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal de enero a junio del 2021 en un hospital público de Guayaquil. Para determinarla relación se utilizó el cuestionario de autonomía propuesto por Kuratko y de balance vida-trabajo propuesto por Tasdelen y Bakalim. Los resultados muestran una relación significativa entre autonomía y balance vida-trabajo. En conclusión, promover la autonomía laboral afecta positivamente el balance vida-trabajo, lo cual mejora la calidad de vida del personal.Workers can get labour well-being based on autonomy and work-life balance. This well-bieng reduces exposure to negative factors that affect their physical and psychological health. Therefore, this research determines the relationship between autonomy and work-life balance in emergency area’s professionals. A cross-sectional study was carried out from January to June 2021 in a public hospital in Guayaquil. To determine the relationship, autonomy questionna ire proposed by Kuratko and the work-life balance questionnaire proposed by Tasdelen y Bakalim were used. The results show a significant relationship between autonomy and work-life balance. In conclusion, promoting work autonomy positively affects the work-life balance, which improves the quality of life of the staff

The Influence of Work–Family Conflict on Burnout during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Effect of Teleworking Overload

If there is any field that has experienced changes as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is work, primarily due to the implementation of teleworking and the effort made by workers and families to face new responsibilities. In this context, the study aims to analyze the impact of work–family conflict on burnout, considering work overload, in teleworkers during the COVID-19 pandemic. To evaluate the hypotheses, we used data collected during the last week of July 2020 using an online survey. Work–family conflict and burnout were measured using the Gutek et al. (1991) and Shirom (1989) scales. We tested the hypotheses using a structural equation model (SEM). The results indicated, between other findings, that there was a positive relationship between work–family conflict and family–work conflict and all the dimensions of burnout. However, there was no effect of teleworking overload in the work–family conflict and burnout relationship. This article is innovative because it highlights the importance of the economic and regulatory conditions that have surrounded the modality of teleworking during the pandemic, and their influence on wellbeing and psychosocial risks in workers

Job Motivation, Burnout and Turnover Intention during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Are There Differences between Female and Male Workers?

The working conditions during COVID-19 highlight the relevance of workers and their occupational health and well-being. The pandemic has caused adverse effects on workers and sharpened social and economic problems, such as a gender gap. In this study, with a multisector sample of 1044 Ecuadorian workers, we present a gender analysis where we evaluate how burnout can mediate the relationship between motivation and workers’ intention to leave their jobs in the COVID-19 context. To test the proposed hypothesis, structural equation model (SEM) was used. In the proposed conceptual model, turnover intention was considered as the dependent variable, the two dimensions of motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic) were the independent variables and burnout was tested as a mediating variable. Consistent with pre-COVID-19 research, our findings confirm the incidence of job motivation on burnout and turnover intention. Additionally, through Sobel’s criteria, we determine that burnout has a mediating effect between job motivation and turnover intention. In terms of gender, we find different results for female and male workers through critical ratios. Our study indicates that female and male workers’ burnout and turnover intentions levels are different when intrinsic motivation is present. In contrast to pre-COVID-19 studies that indicated no gender differences on these variables, we associate these results to gender roles in lockdown conditions during the pandemic