La expresión artística como estrategia didáctica para el desarrollo de la afectividad y la autoestima en una persona con Discapacidad Intelectual y Síndrome Alcohólico Fetal (SAF)

Este artículo describe las experiencias artísticas de una persona con Discapacidad Intelectual y Síndrome Alcohólico Fetal (SAF) en un taller de artes visuales realizados en dependencias de un establecimiento de Educación Municipal de la comuna de Yungay, Chile. A partir de la investigación exploratoria, la metodología de estudio de caso y la aproximación de los resultados por medio de diferentes técnicas de pintura y dibujo como herramientas didácticas para desarrollar los aprendizajes artísticos en el contexto escolar, se concluye que las artes visuales amplían los canales de la expresión visual y permite la comunicación subjetiva de la afectividad y la autoestima a partir de determinados ejercicios prácticos y actividades sistemáticas que benefician la salud mental de las personas con Discapacidad Intelectual. La conclusión también refuerza la importancia de un ambiente propicio para la enseñanza de la Educación Artística y la valoración de la actividad creadora en el marco de la diversidad, el autodescubrimiento y una inclusión más afectiva con la comunidad educativa en general.</p

Discapacidad intelectual y violencia de género: programa integral de intervención

In general, all people with intellectual disabilities have difficulties to exercise their civil and social rights. Within this deficit of citizenship, women with intellectual disabilities suffer triple discrimination: as a woman, because of her disability and because this is an intellectual disability. In this paper we present a comprehensive intervention program that aims to address three specific needs: the fight against abuse and violence, the support for women with intellectual disabilities who are mothers and the promotion of employment as a tool for empowerment. This paper addresses each of the above issues: fight against abuse, support for mothers and employment promotion. The tools discussed to address these objectives are different in each case but contain two common features which are essential to ensure positive results. From one side, training and information for women with intellectual disabilities in all these matters especially the need to raise awareness in the whole society in order to promote their full inclusion. Thanks to the comprehensive intervention program, a greatest impact to the situation of exclusion and discrimination against women with intellectual disabilities has been given. A total of 311 people with disabilities are been trained in how to identify and deal with situations of abuse and violence; there is a greater awareness in groups involved in the care of victims; a total of 17 women have received specialized support contributing to the improvement of the family’s quality of life. On the other hand, the supported employment as a key tool for personal autonomy, allowing 8 women to be included in the labor market. Access to opportunities is the main objective of this program. To this end, specific and individualized work to each woman needs is the key to ensure we are providing the required support. Currently, there are more women with intellectual disabilities who are trained and they would identify an abusive situation. Mothers with disabilities have a support network that allows them to raise her children in a standardized environment, and the results affect both the mother's self-esteem and the children development. Finally, women with disabilities do not remain as a dependent and carer figure and seek their place in society through employment.ResumenEn general, todas las personas con discapacidad intelectual tienen dificultades para el ejercicio y disfrute de sus derechos tanto civiles como sociales. Dentro de este déficit de ciudadanía, las mujeres con discapacidad intelectual sufren una triple discriminación: por ser mujer, por tener discapacidad y por ser esta intelectual. Dentro de este trabajo se presenta un programa integral de intervención que pretende dar respuesta a tres necesidades específicas: la lucha contra el abuso y la violencia; el apoyo a mujeres con discapacidad intelectual que son madres y el fomento del empleo como herramienta para el empoderamiento. Este documento aborda cada una de las necesidades citadas: lucha contra el abuso, apoyo a madres y fomento del empleo. Las herramientas analizadas para atender estos objetivos son diferentes en cada caso pero contienen dos aspectos comunes fundamentales para garantizar resultados positivos: de un lado la formación y la información de las mujeres con discapacidad intelectual en todas estas cuestiones y sobre todo la necesidad de sensibilizar al conjunto de la sociedad para favorecer su inclusión plena. Gracias al programa integral de intervención se ha dado mayor repercusión a la situación de exclusión y discriminación de las mujeres con discapacidad intelectual. Se ha formado a un total de 311 personas con discapacidad en identificar y saber cómo actuar ante situaciones de abuso y violencia, hay una mayor sensibilización en colectivos implicados en la atención a víctimas; se ha dado un apoyo especializado a un total de 17 madres que ha contribuido en la mejora de la calidad de vida del núcleo familiar. Por último, el apoyo en el empleo como herramienta clave para la autonomía personal y que ha permitido la inclusión al mundo laboral de 8 mujeres. El acceso a las oportunidades es el objetivo principal de este programa. Para ello, el trabajo individualizado y específico a las necesidades de cada mujer, es la clave para asegurarnos que estamos ofreciendo el apoyo necesario. Actualmente, hay un mayor número de mujeres con discapacidad intelectual que están formadas y sabrían identificar cuando están sufriendo una situación de abuso. Las madres con discapacidad cuentan con una red de apoyo que les permite poder sacar adelante a sus hijos en un entorno normalizado y donde los resultados repercuten tanto en la autoestima de la madre como en el desarrollo de los niños. Por último, la mujer con discapacidad deja de ser una figura dependiente y cuidadora y busca su espacio en la sociedad a través del empleoAbstractIn general, all people with intellectual disabilities have difficulties to exercise their civil and social rights. Within this deficit of citizenship, women with intellectual disabilities suffer triple discrimination: as a woman, because of her disability and because this is an intellectual disability. In this paper we present a comprehensive intervention program that aims to address three specific needs: the fight against abuse and violence, the support for women with intellectual disabilities who are mothers and the promotion of employment as a tool for empowerment. This paper addresses each of the above issues: fight against abuse, support for mothers and employment promotion. The tools discussed to address these objectives are different in each case but contain two common features which are essential to ensure positive results. From one side, training and information for women with intellectual disabilities in all these matters especially the need to raise awareness in the whole society in order to promote their full inclusion. Thanks to the comprehensive intervention program, a greatest impact to the situation of exclusion and discrimination against women with intellectual disabilities has been given. A total of 311 people with disabilities are been trained in how to identify and deal with situations of abuse and violence; there is a greater awareness in groups involved in the care of victims; a total of 17 women have received specialized support contributing to the improvement of the family’s quality of life. On the other hand, the supported employment as a key tool for personal autonomy, allowing 8 women to be included in the labor market. Access to opportunities is the main objective of this program. To this end, specific and individualized work to each woman needs is the key to ensure we are providing the required support. Currently, there are more women with intellectual disabilities who are trained and they would identify an abusive situation. Mothers with disabilities have a support network that allows them to raise her children in a standardized environment, and the results affect both the mother's self-esteem and the children development. Finally, women with disabilities do not remain as a dependent and carer figure and seek their place in society through employment

Synthesis of EPA- and DHA-Enriched Structured Acylglycerols at the sn-2 Position Starting from Commercial Salmon Oil by Enzymatic Lipase Catalysis under Supercritical Conditions

17 pages, 4 figures, 7 table.-- This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution LicenseThere is consistent evidence that long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) belonging to the n-3 series, i.e., eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3, DHA) acids, decrease the risk of heart, circulatory and inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, the bioavailability of such fatty acids has been shown to depend on their location in triacylglycerol (TG) molecules at the sn-2 position. Consequently, great attention has been accorded to the synthesis of structured acylglycerols (sAG), which include EPA or DHA at the sn-2 position. The aim of this work was to synthesize sAG starting from deodorized refined commercial salmon oil. For this, immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica (nonspecific) was used as a catalyst for the intra-interesterification process under CO2 supercritical conditions (CO2SC). According to the CO2SC reaction time, three different fractions including sAG compounds were obtained. The location of EPA and DHA at the sn-2 position in the resulting glycerol backbone was identified by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) analysis. In all fractions obtained, a marked decrease in the starting TG content was observed, while an increase in the DHA content at the sn-2 position was detected. The fraction obtained after the longest reaction time period (2 h) led to the highest yield of sn-2 position DHA in the resulting sAG molecule.This research was funded by FONDECYT, grant number 1181774Peer reviewe

Enzymatic Synthesis Process of EPA- and DHA-Enriched Structured Acylglycerols at the sn-2 Position Starting from Commercial Salmon Oil and Concentrated by Response Surface Methodology under Supercritical Conditions

The bioavailability of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs) has shown to be greatly influenced by their location in the triacylglycerol backbone. Therefore, the synthesis of structured acylglycerols (SAcyl), which include eicosapentaenoic acids (EPAs) or docosahexaenoic acids (DHAs) at the sn-2 position, has attracted a great interest. The objective of this study was to optimize the synthesis process of a SAcyl from commercial refined salmon oil and an EPA/DHA concentrate in order to enhance the positioning of EPA and DHA in the sn-2 location of the glycerol moiety. For this purpose, immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica (nonspecific) was used for the acidolysis process under the CO2 supercritical condition. As a result of carrying out a Draper-Lin composite design through the response surface methodology of 18 experiments, an optimized extraction including SAcyl compounds was obtained. Mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) analysis was employed to identify the EPA/DHA location at the sn-2 position in the resulting glycerol moiety. In the fraction obtained, an increase in the EPA and DHA content at the sn-2 position was detected. Remarkably, the optimized SAcyl obtained after 6 h, 82 bar, and 60 &deg;C led to the highest EPA/DHA yield at the sn-2 position in the resulting molecule

Enzymatic Synthesis Process of EPA- and DHA-Enriched Structured Acylglycerols at the <i>sn</i>-2 Position Starting from Commercial Salmon Oil and Concentrated by Response Surface Methodology under Supercritical Conditions

The bioavailability of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs) has shown to be greatly influenced by their location in the triacylglycerol backbone. Therefore, the synthesis of structured acylglycerols (SAcyl), which include eicosapentaenoic acids (EPAs) or docosahexaenoic acids (DHAs) at the sn-2 position, has attracted a great interest. The objective of this study was to optimize the synthesis process of a SAcyl from commercial refined salmon oil and an EPA/DHA concentrate in order to enhance the positioning of EPA and DHA in the sn-2 location of the glycerol moiety. For this purpose, immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica (nonspecific) was used for the acidolysis process under the CO2 supercritical condition. As a result of carrying out a Draper-Lin composite design through the response surface methodology of 18 experiments, an optimized extraction including SAcyl compounds was obtained. Mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) analysis was employed to identify the EPA/DHA location at the sn-2 position in the resulting glycerol moiety. In the fraction obtained, an increase in the EPA and DHA content at the sn-2 position was detected. Remarkably, the optimized SAcyl obtained after 6 h, 82 bar, and 60 °C led to the highest EPA/DHA yield at the sn-2 position in the resulting molecule

Synthesis of structured trialcylglycerides starting from commercial salmon oil by lipase catalysis under supercritical conditions

Poster.-- 17th Euro Fed Lipid Congress: Oils, Fats and lipids: Driving Science and Technology to New Horizons, 20-23 October 2019, SevillePeer reviewe

Enzymatic synthesis of EPA- and DHA-enriched structured acylglycerols at the sn-2 position starting from commercial salmon oil and concentrated by response surface methodology under supercritical conditions

Poster.-- 50th Conference of the Western European Fish Technologists Association, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 17th - 21st October 2022Marine oils are widely used due to their high content of omega 3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) since its consumption is associated with a low prevalence of heart, circulatory and inflammatory diseases. The bio-availability of such fatty acids has been shown to depend on their location in triacylglycerol (TG) mulecules at the sn-2 position. Consequently, great attention has been accorded to the synthesis of structured acylglycerols (SAcyl), which includes EPA or DHA at the sn-2 position. Supercritical fluids, such as carbon dioxide (C01), have solvent power. lts density can be changed and manipulated as a function of pressure and temperature since, at its critical pressure, its compressibility is maximum and small changes in thermal parameters can lead to significant changes in local density. Different types of biocatalysts, such as lipases, can be used to modify lipids. They are the most versatile since their regiospecificity is one of the main advantages for modifying oils and fats to obtain high added-value products, such as EPA + UHA supplements. This work aimed to optimize the synthesis of a SAcyl from commercial refined salmon oil (CRSO) and a concentrate of n-3 LCPUFA obtained from the same oil to enhance the positioning of EPA and DHA in sn-2 in glycerol backbone by enzymatic acidolysls in supercritical C02 (C02SC)ANID/CONICYT + FONDECYT Regular + folio (1181774 y 1221633).N