Habitat requirements of black mudfish (Neochanna diversus) in the Waikato region, North Island, New Zealand.

Black mudfish (Neochanna diversus) were found at 39 of 80 sites in the Waikato region, New Zealand, ranging from large wetlands to small swampy streams. Of the sites with mudfish, 87% were dry at some time during summer. Sites with mudfish also generally had emergent and overhanging vegetation and tree roots, and showed low to moderate human impact. Black mudfish coexisted at some sites with juvenile eels or mosquitofish, but were absent from all sites with common bullies (Gobiomorphus cotidianus) or inanga (Galaxias maculatus). Sites with mudfish had almost exclusively semi-mineralised substrates or peat; only one site had mineralised substrate. Geometric mean catch rate for the 39 sites with mudfish was 0.70 fish per trap per night. Mean summer water depth was only 2.1 cm at sites with mudfish, compared to 22.6 cm at 41 sites without. Winter and maximum water depths were also less at sites with mudfish than at sites without mudfish. Mean turbidity was 11.5 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) at sites with mudfish, but 21.3 NTU at sites without mudfish. Mudfish catch rates were negatively correlated with summer water depth, winter water depth, disturbance scale rating, and turbidity. A discriminant function model based on these variables successfully predicted 95% of the sites with mudfish. Habitat preference curves are also presented

En quoi la pratique théâtrale est-elle cruciale dans le cadre de l'enseignement d'une langue étrangère ?

Communiquer est un processus interactif complexe qui engage tout le corps. L'apprentissage d'une langue étrangère ne peut donc pas se faire assis derrière un bureau car la langue a besoin d'être incarnée pour que les élèves puissent pleinement se l'approprier et ainsi accéder au sens. La pratique théâtrale offre cette possibilité unique de mettre le corps et les émotions au centre des apprentissages et de vivre la langue grâce à la mise en place de situations de situation de communication authentique. Utilisée par des enseignants anglais et français pour enseigner des langues étrangères, elle n'est pourtant pas envisagée de la même façon ce qui est révélateur d'une conception de l'enseignement propre à une culture éducative donnée

Le paléoestuaire hettangien du Veillon (Vendée)

Clastic deposits related to alluvial and estuarine environments sedimented during the early Liassic in the Veillon area (south of Talmont-Saint-Hilaire, Vendée, France). A reptile fauna including various taxa, just known by innumerable footprints, lived in that environment, in rather hot and dry climatic conditions

Protester contre le marché : du geste individuel à l’action collective:Le cas du mouvement anti-publicitaire

La contestation sociale contre les formes de domination associées au marché prend de multiples formes aujourd’hui dans le monde : le boycott, les achats responsables, les gestes écologistes, le détournement publicitaire, les pétitions envoyés aux élus. L’article analyse le cas de la protestation anti-publicitaire en France. Celle-ci propose un répertoire d’actions très hétérogène, allant du geste individuel et quotidien à l’action de groupe, tout en construisant des formats d’action standardisés. Elle peut ainsi recruter des militants dans des réseaux larges de la contestation sociale, attirés par son répertoire d’action spécifique. L’action anti-publicitaire fournit une grille de lecture de la contestation sociale contre le marché qui s’articule à la fois sur des collectifs associatifs fournissant des cadres collectifs, mais également sur des réseaux militants très labiles en quête d’actions plus concrètes.In recent years, protests against the market have relied on actions as diverse as boycotts, ecological initiatives, ethical buying, “culture jamming”, or petitions addressed to elected officials. This article discusses the case of one of these social movements : anti-advertising groups in France. While anti-advertising groups offer a large repertoire of heterogeneous actions – ranging from day-to-day individual practices to organized protests – they also construct and diffuse specific, standardized forms of action. Anti-advertising actions thus appeal to a wide array of social activists and movements, providing them with a common platform for protest. We argue that the very forms of anti-advertising actions allow for the juncture between social movement organizations, which help frame mobilizations, and fluid networks of activists, searching opportunities for collective actions against the market

La réforme comme opportunité professionnelle ?:Autonomie des établissements et montée en puissance des cadres administratifs des universités

Cet article analyse le rôle joué par les cadres administratifs des universités françaises dans la mise en œuvre de la loi Libertés et responsabilités des universités de 2007. Il vise à combler un point aveugle de la littérature sur les transformations des bureaucraties professionnelles, qui a largement négligé l’analyse des fonctions de support administratif, alors même que celles-ci peuvent être l’un des vecteurs privilégiés de logiques managériales. Porteurs d’un « esprit de mission » gestionnaire, une partie de ces cadres saisissent l’opportunité de la réforme pour rationaliser l’administration des établissements et consolider leurs propres capacités d’action. Toutefois, loin de remettre en cause l’autorité des dirigeants universitaires, ils cherchent à se légitimer en développant des registres d’intervention distincts et en œuvrant au renforcement du pouvoir de ces derniers.Institutional autonomy and the rise of administrators in French universities Following an extensive reform of university governance in 2007, this article analyzes the changing role of professional administrators in French universities, such as heads of administrative services, functional experts and support staff managers. Drawing on two case studies, it addresses a blind spot in the literature on public sector professional bureaucracies, which has largely overlooked the role that support staff may play in the development of managerialism in public institutions. The reform provided space allowing these actors to promote the rationalization and the centralization of university administrations. While this process vastly increased their influence over organizational sub-units within universities, they have been cautious not to challenge the authority and role of academic leaders in university governance. In order to legitimize their action, they have positioned themselves as management experts serving the goals of academic leaders by tightening budgetary control and providing resources at the disposal of university presidencies

Colon Cancer Prognosis Prediction by Gene Expression Profiling

Aims. This study assessed the possibility to build a prognosis predictor, based on microarray gene expression measures, in stage II and III colon cancer patients. Materials and Methods. Tumour (T) and non-neoplastic mucosa (NM) mRNA samples from 18 patients (9 with a recurrence, 9 with no recurrence) were profiled using the Affymetrix HGU133A GeneChip. The k-nearest neighbour method was used for prognosis prediction using T and NM gene expression measures. Six-fold cross-validation was applied to select the number of neighbours and the number of informative genes to include in the predictors. Based on this information, one T-based and one NM-based predictor were proposed and their accuracies estimated by double cross-validation. Results. In 6-fold cross-validation, the lowest numbers of informative genes giving the lowest numbers of false predictions (2 out of 18) were 30 and 70 with the T and NM gene expression measures, respectively. A 30-gene T-based predictor and a 70-gene NM-based predictor were then built, with estimated accuracies of 78 and 83%, respectively. Conclusion. This study suggests that one can build an accurate prognosis predictor for stage II and III colon cancer patients, based on gene expression measures, and one can use either tumour or non-neoplastic mucosa for this purpose

The Fetal Allograft Revisited: Does the Study of an Ancient Invertebrate Species Shed Light on the Role of Natural Killer Cells at the Maternal-Fetal Interface?

Human pregnancy poses a fundamental immunological problem because the placenta and fetus are genetically different from the host mother. Classical transplantation theory has not provided a plausible solution to this problem. Study of naturally occurring allogeneic chimeras in the colonial marine invertebrate, Botryllus schlosseri, has yielded fresh insight into the primitive development of allorecognition, especially regarding the role of natural killer (NK) cells. Uterine NK cells have a unique phenotype that appears to parallel aspects of the NK-like cells in the allorecognition system of B. schlosseri. Most notably, both cell types recognize and reject "missing self" and both are involved in the generation of a common vascular system between two individuals. Chimeric combination in B. schlosseri results in vascular fusion between two individual colonies; uterine NK cells appear essential to the establishment of adequate maternal-fetal circulation. Since human uterine NK cells appear to de-emphasize primary immunological function, it is proposed that they may share the same evolutionary roots as the B. schlosseri allorecognition system rather than a primary origin in immunity

Protester contre le marché : du geste individuel à l’action collective:Le cas du mouvement anti-publicitaire

La contestation sociale contre les formes de domination associées au marché prend de multiples formes aujourd’hui dans le monde : le boycott, les achats responsables, les gestes écologistes, le détournement publicitaire, les pétitions envoyés aux élus. L’article analyse le cas de la protestation anti-publicitaire en France. Celle-ci propose un répertoire d’actions très hétérogène, allant du geste individuel et quotidien à l’action de groupe, tout en construisant des formats d’action standardisés. Elle peut ainsi recruter des militants dans des réseaux larges de la contestation sociale, attirés par son répertoire d’action spécifique. L’action anti-publicitaire fournit une grille de lecture de la contestation sociale contre le marché qui s’articule à la fois sur des collectifs associatifs fournissant des cadres collectifs, mais également sur des réseaux militants très labiles en quête d’actions plus concrètes.In recent years, protests against the market have relied on actions as diverse as boycotts, ecological initiatives, ethical buying, “culture jamming”, or petitions addressed to elected officials. This article discusses the case of one of these social movements : anti-advertising groups in France. While anti-advertising groups offer a large repertoire of heterogeneous actions – ranging from day-to-day individual practices to organized protests – they also construct and diffuse specific, standardized forms of action. Anti-advertising actions thus appeal to a wide array of social activists and movements, providing them with a common platform for protest. We argue that the very forms of anti-advertising actions allow for the juncture between social movement organizations, which help frame mobilizations, and fluid networks of activists, searching opportunities for collective actions against the market