Sensitivity to herbicides of ?Imperial? pineapple nursery associated with Piriformospora indica.

A baixa oferta de mudas sadias e com qualidade tem sido um obst?culo para o crescimento da abacaxicultura no Brasil. A forma??o de mudas provenientes da cultura de tecidos vem sendo apontada como a possibilidade de se obter alta quantidade de mudas e assegurar a sanidade das mesmas. Por?m, na micropropaga??o, as mudas necessitam de um per?odo de aclimatiza??o, o que aumenta o tempo para a sua forma??o. A utiliza??o de fungos micorr?zicos pode ser a alternativa na redu??o do tempo de produ??o de mudas, porque eles podem otimizar o sistema radicular na absor??o de ?gua e nutrientes. Ap?s o plantio das mudas em campo, o manejo de plantas daninhas ? uma pr?tica indispens?vel na abacaxicultura, visto que as esp?cies competidoras apresentam r?pido crescimento e interferem negativamente no crescimento da planta. Entre os m?todos de controle, a aplica??o de herbicidas tem sido o mais utilizado, por se tratar de uma pr?tica eficiente e que n?o danifica o sistema radicular da cultura. Diante disso, esta pesquisa foi realizada com objetivo de avaliar a associa??o do fungo Piriformospora indica com mudas de abacaxizeiro micropropagadas em cultivo com a aplica??o de herbicidas em pr?-emerg?ncia e determinar o crescimento e a absor??o de nutrientes das mudas micorrizadas. Avaliou-se o crescimento in vitro de fungo P. indica em meio de cultura com aplica??o dos herbicidas ametryn, diuron e sulfentrazone. Posteriormente, as mudas micropropagadas de abacaxizeiro foram inoculadas com fungo P. indica e plantadas em substrato tratado com os herbicidas ametryn, diuron e sulfentrazone. Avaliaram-se a coloniza??o micorr?zica, a fluoresc?ncia da clorofila a, os teores de nutrientes foliares e o crescimento das mudas. Os dados foram submetidos ? an?lise de vari?ncia, regress?o polinomial e compara??o de m?dias, a 5% de probabilidade. No cultivo in vitro, o diuron inibiu o crescimento do fungo P. indica em todas as doses testadas. O ametryn, at? a dose equivalente a 2,48 L ha-1 e o sulfentrazone, at? a dose 1,6 L ha-1, n?o interferiram no crescimento do fungo P. indica. Foi observada a associa??o do P. indica com as mudas de abacaxizeiro ?Imperial? com a aplica??o de todos os herbicidas. As mudas associadas com o fungo apresentaram maiores teores de nutrientes e crescimento. A aplica??o dos herbicidas em doses elevadas interferiu no crescimento e na absor??o de nutrientes pelas mudas de abacaxizeiro micorrizadas.Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes)Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013.ABSTRACT Glycerin is a residue of the biodiesel industry, output from the process of vegetable oil transesterification of triglycerides in basic catalyst that will lead to economic, social and environmental impacts due to increased production of biodiesel in Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the application of glycerin, a biodiesel industry waste, came from vegetable oil transesterification of triglycerides by potassium hydroxide catalyst (KOH) as a source of potassium ("K glycerin") on productivity and nutrition of soybeans and on chemical and microbiological characteristics of the soil. Two experiments were conducted under field conditions in a Oxisol (Typic) soil type, at Curvelo, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, and another in the village of Diamantina, Minas Gerais state in a sand soil type (NQ). The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. The treatments were three doses of "glycerin K 'corresponding to 50, 100 and 200% of recommended dose of Potassium for soybean and 100% of the dose recommended in the form of KCl and K2SO4 and a treatment without application of K. The recommended dose of K2O were 120 and 80 kg ha -1 for NQ and Oxisoil, respectively. There has been carried out chemical analysis of soil (pH, P, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Al + H, CO, SO4-2) in the soybean harvest and microbiological analysis (microbial basal respiration (BR), microbial biomass carbon (CBM) and metabolic quotient (OKQ (2)) soil at two times (early emergence and soybean harvest) and soybean yield and foliar concentrations of nutrients in the flowering of soybeans. Soybean yield increased with the application of "glycerin K" when the availability of K in the soil was limited, and although lower than the mineral sources of K, it supplied in part the soybeans need for K. The soil microbiota tended to balance at the end of the cycle of soybeans with application of "glycerin K", thus not causing adverse effects on crop and soil. The "glycerin K" does not cause environmental problems to the place where it was applied, but studies are needed to evaluate its long-term use to better understand the dynamics of soil and crop productivity

Atividade antifúngica de derivados hidrazino-tiazólicos contra Candida albicans

Submitted by Lana Cruz ([email protected]) on 2020-02-04T23:22:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese para pos 2.pdf: 2077055 bytes, checksum: 72e165263c585f60b31d28e9b7ab14c2 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Jane Campos ([email protected]) on 2020-02-05T16:34:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese para pos 2.pdf: 2077055 bytes, checksum: 72e165263c585f60b31d28e9b7ab14c2 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-05T19:19:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese para pos 2.pdf: 2077055 bytes, checksum: 72e165263c585f60b31d28e9b7ab14c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-03-11CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoA candidíase é uma infecção fúngica oportunista, sendo Candida albicans a espécie mais frequentemente isolada. O tratamento dessas infecções é desafiador devido à resistência que pode se desenvolver durante a terapia e ao número limitado de compostos antifúngicos disponíveis. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, por meio de testes in vitro e in vivo, a atividade antifúngica de quatro substâncias de derivados hidrazino-tiazólicos (1, 2, 3 e 4) e estudar os possíveis efeitos destas nos fatores de virulência de C. albicans. As substâncias hidrazino-tiazólicas 1, 2, 3 e 4 mostraram atividade antifúngica, apresentando CIMs de 0,125 - 16,0 μg / mL contra C. albicans. A toxicidade das substâncias foi avaliada usando eritrócitos humanos e produziu LC50> 64 μg/mL. Quando avaliada a capacidade de inibir alguns fatores de virulência de C. albicans, a substância 1 foi capaz de inibir a filamentação em concentração igual ao CIM, as substâncias 1, 2, e 3 inibiram a adesão em concentração referente ao valor de CIM e as substâncias 1 e 2 desintegraram o biofilme de C. albicans. As substâncias foram avaliadas adicionalmente utilizando a larva Galleria mellonella como um modelo in vivo. A sobrevida das larvas foi aumentada quando testadas concentrações entre 5 e 15 mg/kg, com desempenho comparável ao fluconazol. A substância 2 foi avaliada em modelo murino de candidíase oral e sistêmica. No modelo oral, a substância 2 reduziu a carga fúngica na língua do rato; e no modelo sistêmico reduziu a carga fúngica encontrada no rim quando testada a 10 mg/kg. Estes resultados mostram que os derivados hidrazino-tiazólicos apresentam potencial antifúngico contra C. albicans com eficácia in vivo.Candidiasis is an opportunistic fungal infection, being Candida albicans the most frequently isolated specie. Treatment of this infection is challenging because of the development of resistance during therapy and the limited number of antifungal compounds available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of four thiazolylhydrazone-derived substances (1, 2, 3 and 4) by in vitro and in vivo tests and to study the possible effects of these on the virulence factors of C. albicans. Thiazolylhydrazone 1, 2, 3 and 4 showed antifungal activity, presenting MICs of 0.125 - 16.0 μg / mL against C. albicans. Toxicity of the substances was assessed using human erythrocytes and produced LC50> 64 μg / mL. When the ability to inhibit some virulence factors of C. albicans was evaluated, substance 1 was able to inhibit filamentation in a concentration equal to MIC; substances 1, 2 and 3 inhibited adhesion at a concentration related to MIC value and substances 1 and 2 disintegrated C. albicans biofilm. Substances were further evaluated using Galleria mellonella larva as an in vivo model. The survival of the larvae was increased when tested concentrations between 5 and 15 mg / kg, with as good as fluconazole performance. Substance 2 was evaluated in murine model of oral and systemic candidacy. In the oral model, substance 2 reduced the fungal load on rat tongue; and in the systemic model it reduced the fungal load found in the kidney when tested at 10 mg / kg. These results show that thiazolylhydrazones are an antifungal agent for C. albicans with in vivo efficacy

Growth and nutrition of ‘Imperial’ pineapple nursery plants associated with the fungus Piriformospora indica and herbicide application

A baixa oferta de mudas sadias e com qualidade tem sido um obstáculo para o crescimento da abacaxicultura no Brasil. A pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de avaliar a associação micorrízica, o crescimento e absorção de nutrientes em mudas micropropagadas de abacaxizeiro ‘Imperial’ inoculadas com o fungo Piriformospora indica em cultivo com a aplicação de herbicidas. Foi utilizado o esquema fatorial 2 x 4, sendo os fatores duas inoculações: mudas inoculadas com o fungo P. indica e sem inoculação e quatro doses de herbicidas: 0; 1,5; 3,0 e 6,0 L ha-1 para o ametryn, 0; 1,6; 3,2; 6,4 L ha-1 para o diuron e 0; 0,4; 0,8 e 1,6 L ha-1 para o sulfametrazone, distribuídos no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. As doses dos herbicidas foram aplicadas ao substrato antes do plantio das mudas. A inoculação com o fungo P. indica foi feita no momento do plantio, colocando-se no substrato discos de micélio de 5 mm, contendo estruturas fúngicas. Aos 150 dias após a inoculação foi feita a análise da colonização micorrízica, dos teores de N, P e K e do crescimento das mudas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, regressão polinomial e comparação de médias, a 5% de probabilidade. Foi observada a associação do fungo P. indica com as mudas de abacaxizeiro ‘Imperial’ com a aplicação de todos os herbicidas. As mudas associadas com o fungo apresentaram maiores teores de nutrientes e crescimento. A aplicação dos herbicidas em doses elevadas interferiu no crescimento e na absorção de nutrientes pelas mudas de abacaxizeiro micorrizadas.The low supply of healthy and quality nursery plants has been an obstacle to the growth of pineapple crop in Brazil. The research was carried out with the aim of evaluating mycorrhizal association, growth and nutrient uptake of ‘Imperial’ micropropagated pineapple plants inoculated with the fungus Piriformospora indica in cultivation with herbicide application. The 2 x 4 factorial scheme was used, being the factors the two inoculations: inoculated nursery plants with the fungus P. indica and without inoculation and four doses of herbicides: 0, 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 L ha-1 for ametryn, 0, 1.6, 3.2, 6.4 L ha-1 for diuron and 0, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 L ha-1 for sulfametrazone distributed in a completely randomized design with three replications. The doses of herbicides were applied to substrate before planting. The inoculation with the fungus P. indica was made at the time of planting, placing in the substrate 5 mm mycelial discs containing fungal structures. At 150 days after inoculation evaluations were made by analysis of colonization, determination of N, P and K levels and of nursery plants growth. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and regression. The association of fungus P. indica with ‘Imperial’ pineapple nursery plants was observed with the application of all herbicides. ‘Imperial’ pineapple nursery plants associated with P. indica fungus showed higher levels of nutrients and growth. The use of herbicides in high doses interfered in growth and nutrient uptake by mycorrhizal pineapple nursery plants

Anti-<i>Candida albicans</i> Activity of Thiazolylhydrazone Derivatives in Invertebrate and Murine Models

Candidiasis is an opportunistic fungal infection with Candida albicans being the most frequently isolated species. Treatment of these infections is challenging due to resistance that can develop during therapy, and the limited number of available antifungal compounds. Given this situation, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of four thiazolylhydrazone compounds against C. albicans. Thiazolylhydrazone compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4 were found to exert antifungal activity, with MICs of 0.125&#8315;16.0 &#956;g/mL against C. albicans. The toxicity of the compounds was evaluated using human erythrocytes and yielded LC50 &gt; 64 &#956;g/mL. The compounds were further evaluated using the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella as an in vivo model. The compounds prolonged larval survival when tested between 5 and 15 mg/kg, performing as well as fluconazole. Compound 2 was evaluated in murine models of oral and systemic candidiasis. In the oral model, compound 2 reduced the fungal load on the mouse tongue; and in the systemic model it reduced the fungal burden found in the kidney when tested at 10 mg/kg. These results show that thiazolylhydrazones are an antifungal towards C. albicans with in vivo efficacy

Antifungal Activity Directed Toward the Cell Wall by 2-Cyclohexylidenhydrazo-4-Phenyl-Thiazole Against Candida albicans

[Background] The increasing incidence of invasive forms of candidiasis and resistance to antifungal therapy leads us to seek new and more effective antifungal compounds. Objectives: To investigate the antifungal activity and toxicity as well as to evaluate the po-tential targets of 2-cyclohexylidenhydrazo-4-phenyl-thiazole (CPT) in Candida albicans.[Methods] The antifungal activity of CPT against the survival of C. albicans was inves-tigated in Caenorhabditis elegans. Additionally, we determined the effect of CPT on the inhibition of C. albicans adhesion capacity to buccal epithelial cells (BECs), the toxicity of CPT in mammalian cells, and the potential targets of CPT in C. albicans.[Results] CPT exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.4-1.9 μg/mL. Furthermore, CPT at high concentrations (>60 x MIC) showed no or low toxici-ty in HepG2 cells and <1% haemolysis in human erythrocytes. In addition, CPT de-creased the adhesion capacity of yeasts to the BECs and prolonged the survival of C. elegans infected with C. albicans. Analysis of CPT-treated cells showed that their cell wall was thinner than that of untreated cells, especially the glucan layer. We found that there was a significantly lower quantity of 1,3-β-D-glucan present in CPT-treated cells than that in untreated cells. Assays performed on several mutant strains showed that the MIC value of CPT was high for its antifungal activity on yeasts with defective 1,3-β-glucan synthase.[Conclusion] In conclusion, CPT appears to target the cell wall of C. albicans, exhibits low toxicity in mammalian cells, and prolongs the survival of C. elegans infected with C. albicans.Peer reviewe

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data