TBW Assessment by Deuterium Dilution in Spanish Adolescents

Congreso para especialistas en Nutrición, Actividad Física y Composición CorporalINTRODUCTION: Total body water (TBW) assessment is a cornerstone in order to validate equations to estimate body composition components as fat mass and fat free mass. Deuterium dilution technique (D2DT) is considered the gold standard method to assess TBW, however in Spain there are not any reference data using D2DT. The knowledge of specific references for Spanish population must be a goal for the biological studies of Spanish people. OBJECTIVE: It was our aim to assess TBW using the D2DT in a sample of Spanish adolescents. METHODS: 224 specimens of urine from 150 adolescents (113 girls and 111 boys) were taken to analyze. A dose of 0.1 grams of 2D2O per Kg of body weight was administrated; afterwards it was followed by 4-hours stabilization period. The isotope (deuterium oxide (D2O)) dilution method was used to measure TBW with an isotope-ratio mass-spectrometer. Averages by sex and Tanner stages were calculated for %TBW and TBW. General lineal model were used to analyze differences and interactions between groups. RESULTS: %TBW was significantly different between boys and girls (58.98_5.59% vs 55.5_4.28%, P0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study has been the first in Spain, which have measured TBW in vivo using D2DT. These data can be useful to validate new methods and equations from bioimpedance analysis to estimate TBW.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Coca-Col

Estudio antropométrico longitudinal en escolares malagueños desde los 9 a los 12 años de edad

El artículo trata sobre un estudio antropométrico en niños de 9 a 12 años realizado en cuatro colegios de la provincia de Málaga. Es un trabajo longitudinal de más de dos años de duración iniciado con niños de cuarto de primaria, un total de 294. Se ha utilizado la metodología más actualizada en análisis morfológico. La evolución lineal de los parámetros antropométricos apunta a un mayor desarrollo de las niñas frente a los niños sobre todo entre los 10,6 y los 11,2 años. No obstante los diámetros óseos masculinos son en todo momento superiores a los femeninos. Destacar la aplicabilidad del estudio de cara a la prevención de problemas físicos como la obesidad y su enfoque didáctico a través de hábitos de vida sanos

Longitudinal differences of physical activity and adiposity in adolescents: a 2-year follow-up

It is commonly believed that boys are more physically active than girls, which could affect body composition changes during adolescence. One major point not always considered or controlled is the maturational differences between boys and girls of similar chronological age. So, it remains to be determined the importance of physical activity (PA) behaviors adjusted by sex and maturation on body composition modifications. This study complement the published results by evaluating the effects of gender, sexual maturation level on PA and body composition changes. PURPOSE: To explore PA and adiposity alterations in Spanish students during adolescence. METHODS: Sixty-eight healthy adolescents were followed-up during 2-year (32 girls and 36 boys). A PA score was estimated by Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ-A). Adiposity was assessed by anthropometric measurements, BMI and fat mass percent (FMP) were calculated using classical equation, and waist circumference (WC) as abdominal adiposity marker. Tanner’s maturation stages were evaluated. Three assessments were performed: September 2011, 2012 and 2013 (S1, S2, and S3, respectively). Repeated measures were carried out between three moments for all variables and adjusted by maturation level and sex. RESULTS: Significant differences for FMP were found between S1 and S2 (22.30±8.22 vs. 21.15±7.73, P<0.05); a significant interaction with sex was observed (P<0.05), but not for maturation. Regarding PA, S2 was significantly higher than S3 (2.68±0.68 vs. 2.23±0.72, P<0.001). An interaction between PA and maturation was statically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The main finding of this follow-up was a reduction in PA after S2 period without changes in adiposity. In opposite, a reduction of FMP was only significant between S1 and S2, while PA was not modified. Our results suggest that body composition and PA changes observed during adolescence are not parallel. Moreover, the interaction analysis highlighted that maturation affect PA behavior, but not sex.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (AP2010-0583), Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (DEP2011-30565) and Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Construct validity of the physical activity questionnaire for adolescents (paq-a): maximal oxygen uptake

Introduction: The Physical Activity Questionnaire for adolescents (PAQ-A) is a cost-effective tool to assess physical activity (PA) patterns during adolescence and it has been widely used in research and field settings. Convergent validity of PAQ-A has been confirmed in several countries (Bervoets et al., 2014; Janz, Lutuchy, Wenthe, & Levy, 2008; Martinez-Gomez et al., 2009). However, the construct validity has often been overlooked. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the construct validity of PAQ-A, using maximal oxygen uptake as criterion. Methods: One hundred and seventy-eight (n=99 boys, n=79 girls) adolescents (14.2±1.9 years, 21.1±4.1 BMI) participated in this study. A PA score was estimated by PAQ-A and additionally a sport history was recorded. BMI, waist circumference (WC) and fat mass percent (FMP) were assessed by anthropometric measurements as adiposity markers. Aerobic fitness (VO2Max) was assessed by a progressive continuous test (Chester Step Test). Associations between PA-score and criterions were analyzed by Spearman correlations; a one-way ANOVA was conducted to detect differences between each item level from the PAQ-A; independent sample t tests were used to compare values between boys and girls, and athletes and non-athletes. Results: The results showed moderate significant positive correlations between VO2Max and the PAQ-C for total score (rho = 0.28, P<0.01) and items 5, 6, 7 and 8 (rho = 0.24; rho = 0.25; rho = 0.22; rho = 0.25, all P<0.05; respectively). Adolescents who were enrolled in competitive and organized sport practice had higher scores on the questionnaire (2.8 vs 2.5 average score) as well as higher VO2Max values (37.4 vs 34.2 ml/kg/min). Discussion: Our data confirm the PAQ-A had acceptable construct validity when using VO2Max as criterion. Moreover, our results suggest that information from some items could be more related with some health markers than others. References: Bervoets, L., Van Noten, C., Van Roosbroeck, S., Hansen, D., Van Hoorenbeeck, K., Verheyen, E., . . . Vankerckhoven, V. (2014). Reliability and Validity of the Dutch Physical Activity Questionnaires for Children (PAQ-C) and Adolescents (PAQ-A). Arch Public Health, 72(1), 47. doi: 10.1186/2049-3258-72-47 Janz, K. F., Lutuchy, E. M., Wenthe, P., & Levy, S. M. (2008). Measuring activity in children and adolescents using self-report: PAQ-C and PAQ-A. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 40(4), 767-772. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181620ed1 Martinez-Gomez, D., Martinez-de-Haro, V., Pozo, T., Welk, G. J., Villagra, A., Calle, M. E., . . . Veiga, O. L. (2009). [Reliability and validity of the PAQ-A questionnaire to assess physical activity in Spanish adolescents]. Rev Esp Salud Publica, 83(3), 427-439. Contact: [email protected] This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (AP2010-0583), Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (DEP2011-30565) and the University of Málaga (Campus of International Excellence Andalucía Tech).Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Cambio climático, aridez y sequías en Canarias

Ponencia presentada en: XII Congreso de la Asociación Española de Climatología celebrado en Santiago de Compostela entre el 19 y el 21 de octubre de 2022.[ES]El cambio climático supone un factor de gran incertidumbre en cuanto a la posible evolución de los niveles de aridez y de sequía. Por una parte, se prevé un aumento de la evapotranspiración y por otra, el comportamiento de la precipitación presenta importantes diferencias regionales. En este trabajo se han analizado las proyecciones de la aridez y de las futuras sequías en las Islas Canarias, en términos de frecuencia, duración y severidad, utilizando el modelo Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) para el periodo 2070-2099, y para los escenarios Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 y 8.5. Las condiciones iniciales y de contorno se definieron mediante tres modelos incluidos en el Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5): GFDL-ESM2M, MIROC-ESM e IPSL-CM5. Los cambios futuros de la aridez se obtuvieron empleando el cambio en el índice de aridez (ACI), basado en la relación entre el cambio fraccional de la evaporación potencial y de la precipitación respecto al periodo de referencia 1981-2009. En el caso de la sequía, se utilizó el índice estandarizado de precipitación (SPI) para las escalas de tiempo de 3 y 12 meses. Asimismo, se consideraron eventos de sequía extrema (eventos extremos húmedos) cuando el SPI toma valores por debajo (por encima) de -2 (2). A partir de los resultados obtenidos, podemos destacar que la aridez y los eventos de sequía extrema aumentarán a finales de siglo respecto al periodo de referencia, para ambos escenarios.[EN]Climate change is a great relevance factor in the evolution of aridity and droughts due to increase of evapotranspiration and the behavior of precipitation. In this work, we analyses climate change projections in terms of frequency, duration, and severity of future aridity and drought in the Canary Island with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model driven by some Coupled Models Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) simulations, for the period 2070-2099 and for two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Initial and boundary conditions were defined using three models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5): GFDL-ESM2M, MIROC-ESM and IPSL-CM5. Aridity change index was obtained to assessment future changes of aridity, which is based on the fractional change of potential evapotranspiration and precipitation with respect to the reference period (1981-2009). To evaluate droughts, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was applied at the 3 and 12-month time scales. In addition, extreme drought (wet) events are considered when SPI is lower (higher) than -2 (2). The results show an increase of extreme aridity and drought events by the end of this century with respect to the reference period for both emission scenarios.Este estudio se ha realizado en el marco del proyecto VidDATA (RTC2019-006948-7), cofinanciado por el Programa Estatal de I+D+i Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, España. Agradecemos el apoyo del Proyecto PLANCLIMAC (MAC / 3.5b / 244), el cual está financiado por el Programa INTERREG MAC 2014-2020 de la Unión Europea, cofinanciado por el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER-FEDER)

Cuerpo y simbolismo amerindio: diseño museográfico y docente de la colección complutense del Museo de Arqueología y Etnología de América (MAEA, Facultad de Geografía e Historia) referida al cuerpo humano

Depto. de Historia de América y Medieval y Ciencias HistoriográficasFac. de Geografía e HistoriaFALSEsubmitte

Apunts. Educació física i esports

El resumen es traducción del publicado con el artículoEl artículo recoge un estudio antropométrico en chicos de 9 a 12 años realizado en cuatro colegios de la provincia de Málaga. Se trata de un trabajo longitudinal de más de dos años de duración, iniciado con chicos de cuarto de primaria, un total de 294. Se ha utilizado la metodología más actualizada en el análisis morfológico. La evolución lineal de los parámetros antropométricos apunta a un mayor desarrollo de las chicas frente a los chicos, sobre todo entre los 10,6 y los 11,2 años. No obstante, los diámetros óseos masculinos son siempre superiores a los femeninos. Hay que destacar la aplicabilidad del estudio con vistas a la prevención de problemas físicos como la obesidad y su enfoque didáctico a través de hábitos de vida sanos.CataluñaES

The Influence of 2-Year Changes in Physical Activity, Maturation, and Nutrition on Adiposity in Adolescent Youth.

The aim of this longitudinal study was to explore temporal patterns of physical activity (PA) and adiposity in Spanish adolescents. Eighty healthy adolescents were followed over a 2-year period (42 girls and 38 boys). A PA score was estimated using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A). Adiposity was assessed by anthropometric measurements; body mass index (BMI) and fat mass percent (FMP) were calculated using standard equations. Sexual maturity was estimated by percentage of predicted adult stature. Dietary intake was assessed by a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire. Three assessments were performed: September 2011 (S1), 2012 (S2), and 2013 (S3). A repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted to examine temporal changes in PA and FMP and sex change in maturation categories (two factor mixed-design, 2x2x3). A stepwise linear regression was conducted in order to estimate the predictors of FMP change. Significant changes for FMP were found between S1, S2, and S3 (23.41±8.24 vs. 21.89±7.82 vs. 22.05±8.06, p<0.05; respectively); a significant interaction of FMP with sex was observed (F = 4.387, p<0.05 for S2-S3), but not for maturation. PA at S2 was significantly higher than S3 (2.58±0.72 vs. 2.29±0.73, p<0.001). An interaction between PA change and sex was statically significant (F = 4.889, p<0.05 for S2-S3). A reduction in PA was observed after the S2 period without changes in adiposity. In contrast, a significant reduction in FMP was seen between S1 and S2, while PA did not significantly change. There were no significant differences for nutritional variables between S1 and S3, and nutrition was not a determinant of the changes in PA or FMP. Our results suggest that body composition changes observed during adolescence are not driven by changes in PA. Moreover, the interaction analysis suggests that PA behavior is affected by sex, but is not modified by maturation

Dependents and Independents Variables by Maturation Level.

<p>Dependents and Independents Variables by Maturation Level.</p