Non-carious cervical lesion and gingival recession: a literature review

Objetivo: Em pacientes com recessão gengival (GR) e lesão cervical não cariosa (NCCL), em termos de redução da recessão, recobrimento radicular, sensibilidade dentinária e estética: 1) A abordagem restauradora/cirúrgica combinada é mais eficaz que a abordagem cirúrgica sozinha ? 2) Nos pacientes tratados com a abordagem combinada, quais são os impactos de diferentes materiais restauradores ? Materiais e métodos: Ensaios clínicos randomizados foram pesquisados em dois bancos de dados. 12 publicações foram incluídas. No total foram selecionados 471 pacientes com recessão gengival de classe I ou II de Miller, com períodos de follow-up de até 24 meses. Resultados: A redução média de GR e o recobrimento médio dos estudos são, respectivamente, de cerca de 2,2 mm (± 0,69) e 89,7% (± 18,36) com o procedimento cirúrgico e 2,1 mm (± 0,64) e 86,1% (± 18,34) com o procedimento combinado. Além disso, ambos os procedimentos apresentaram uma redução significativa da hipersensibilidade dentinária e melhoria estética. No entanto, com a restauração, os resultados de sensibilidade foram próximos de zero. Em relação à estética, quando comparado com o ionomero de vidro modificado por resina, o compósito apresentou melhor estabilidade de cor após um ano. Conclusões: Tanto as abordagens combinada como a cirúrgica parecem ser eficazes para alcançar o recobrimento radicular. Ambas as técnicas podem reduzir a hipersensibilidade dentinária, mas em locais restaurados, essa redução é máxima. Ambas parecem induzir uma melhoria estética, embora, as restaurações com resinas compostas tendam a fornecer resultados ligeiramente mais estéticos, por outro lado, as restaurações de resina de ionômero parecem ser bem toleradas pelo ambiente periodontal.Aim: In patients with gingival recession (GR) and non-carious cervical lesion (NCCL), in terms of recession reduction, root coverage, dentin sensitivity and aesthetic: 1) Does the combined restorative/surgical approach is more effective than the surgical approach alone? 2) In patients treated with the combined approach, what are the impacts of different restorative materials? Materials and methods: Randomized clinical trials were searched in two databases. 12 publications were included. 471 patients with a Miller class I or II gingival recession were selected, with follow-up periods up to 24 months. Results: The mean GR reduction and the mean root coverage of the selected studies are respectively about 2,2 mm (± 0,69) and 89,7% (± 18,36) with the surgical procedure, and 2,1 mm (± 0,64) and 86,1% (± 18,34) with the combined procedure. Besides, both procedures presented a significant dentin hypersensitivity reduction and an aesthetic improvement. Nonetheless, with a restoration, the sensitivity scores were close to zero. Regarding the aesthetic, compared to resin modified glass ionomer, the resin composite showed a better color stability after one year. Conclusions: Both combined and surgical approaches seem to be as effective to achieve root coverage. Both techniques may reduce dentin hypersensitivity, but at restored sites, this reduction is maximal. Both procedures seem to induce an aesthetic improvement, although, when a restoration is performed, composite resins tend to provide slightly more aesthetic results. While ionomer resin restorations appear to be very well tolerated by the periodontal environment

Who wants to talk to terrorists?

Interviewing terrorists or former terrorists has become an increasingly popular research method in terrorism studies. What terrorists say can shed light on motivations, decision-making processes and operational details that without first-hand testimony could only be inferred. In this chapter, a selection of these studies is reviewed alongside a consideration of global trends in terrorism and developments in terrorism research

Pro-integration: disengagement and life after extremism

This thesis investigated individual disengagement from violent extremism in liberal democracies. Despite enormous investment of the last two decades into responses to terrorism, the exit and reintegration processes of extremists back into the community are not well understood. Whilst most extremists struggle with the transition back into society, most are eventually able to move on with their lives, becoming citizens again. Most do so unassisted. Therefore, studying the phenomenon of natural disengagement is a critical avenue to understanding why people choose to leave, how they leave, how they reconnect and what areas of their lives undergo change in doing so. Given the paucity of empirical data on this topic, the primary purpose of this research project was to generate such data. The second goal was to analyse the empirical data from the perspective of participants themselves, addressing the question: 'What is the experience of disengagement from the perspective of extremists themselves?' The final aim of this study was to integrate any new findings with current literature to advance the state of knowledge about disengagement from violent extremism. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) in-depth interviews were conducted with 22 former extremists of different ideologies, including former militant Tamil separatists, former neo-jihadists, former right-wing extremists, a former left-wing militant, and former nonviolent but direct-action radical environmentalists. The participants discussed how and why they stopped their involvement, how their sense of self and identity changed, as well as how they coped afterwards and renegotiated their relationship with mainstream society. Each participant described multiple reasons for leaving. Several cited the ineffectiveness and/or the horror of violence, whilst some burnt-out. Overall disillusionment was the most common trigger for eventual disengagement. Once disillusioned ‘pull factors’ such as having a family or a career became attractive. Most reported a delay between early doubts and actual exit, and most experienced a difficult transition out. Some had longer-term difficulties. Fifteen themes emerged directly from the transcripts of the 22 participant interviews. These themes clustered into five domains which collectively represent the phenomenological essence of disengagement from extremism, including subsequent re-engagement with society. The domains are Social Relations, Coping, Identity, Ideology, and Action Orientation, each with three component themes. A key finding was that sustained disengagement is actually about the proactive, holistic and harmonious engagement the person has with wider society afterwards. This has been termed 'pro-integration'. Finally, this research project went further than anticipated and, building on existing empirical research, proposed a tentative five domain, three level model of disengagement called the Pro-Integration Model (PIM). It is suggested that incorporating pro-integration into the research, policy and intervention agenda is a strengths-based way of assisting people to genuinely connect with civic society after their involvement into extremism. It is concluded that for former extremists to identify with, and have a sense of belonging in mainstream society is not only good for them as individuals, but advantageous for a resilient society, and as a side-effect, cultivates strong protection against re-involvement in violent extremism

Pro-integration: disengagement and life after extremism

This thesis investigated individual disengagement from violent extremism in liberal democracies. Despite enormous investment of the last two decades into responses to terrorism, the exit and reintegration processes of extremists back into the community are not well understood. Whilst most extremists struggle with the transition back into society, most are eventually able to move on with their lives, becoming citizens again. Most do so unassisted. Therefore, studying the phenomenon of natural disengagement is a critical avenue to understanding why people choose to leave, how they leave, how they reconnect and what areas of their lives undergo change in doing so. Given the paucity of empirical data on this topic, the primary purpose of this research project was to generate such data. The second goal was to analyse the empirical data from the perspective of participants themselves, addressing the question: 'What is the experience of disengagement from the perspective of extremists themselves?' The final aim of this study was to integrate any new findings with current literature to advance the state of knowledge about disengagement from violent extremism. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) in-depth interviews were conducted with 22 former extremists of different ideologies, including former militant Tamil separatists, former neo-jihadists, former right-wing extremists, a former left-wing militant, and former nonviolent but direct-action radical environmentalists. The participants discussed how and why they stopped their involvement, how their sense of self and identity changed, as well as how they coped afterwards and renegotiated their relationship with mainstream society. Each participant described multiple reasons for leaving. Several cited the ineffectiveness and/or the horror of violence, whilst some burnt-out. Overall disillusionment was the most common trigger for eventual disengagement. Once disillusioned ‘pull factors’ such as having a family or a career became attractive. Most reported a delay between early doubts and actual exit, and most experienced a difficult transition out. Some had longer-term difficulties. Fifteen themes emerged directly from the transcripts of the 22 participant interviews. These themes clustered into five domains which collectively represent the phenomenological essence of disengagement from extremism, including subsequent re-engagement with society. The domains are Social Relations, Coping, Identity, Ideology, and Action Orientation, each with three component themes. A key finding was that sustained disengagement is actually about the proactive, holistic and harmonious engagement the person has with wider society afterwards. This has been termed 'pro-integration'. Finally, this research project went further than anticipated and, building on existing empirical research, proposed a tentative five domain, three level model of disengagement called the Pro-Integration Model (PIM). It is suggested that incorporating pro-integration into the research, policy and intervention agenda is a strengths-based way of assisting people to genuinely connect with civic society after their involvement into extremism. It is concluded that for former extremists to identify with, and have a sense of belonging in mainstream society is not only good for them as individuals, but advantageous for a resilient society, and as a side-effect, cultivates strong protection against re-involvement in violent extremism

Relaxométrie dynamique appliquée à l'hépatocarcinogénèse (modélisation pharmacodynamique et essai préliminaire)

CAEN-BU Médecine pharmacie (141182102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF