Prevalência de características da oclusão normal na dentição decídua

The aim of this research was to study the normal occlusal patterns of deciduous dentition in Brazilian preschool children. The sample consisted of 356 preschool children, of both genders, aged 3-5 ½ years from the urban zone of Salvador, Bahia. The occlusion exam was carried out by two examiners, in the classroom, utilizing a wooden spatula. The data were analyzed by the statistical program EPI-INFO 6.02 using the Chi-squared test. The frequency of the type I arch was 43.3% for the upper and 46.3% for the lower arch. The frequency of the type II arch was 56.7% for the upper and 53.75 for the lower arch, however, no difference between genders was noticed. The distribution of primate spaces was: 89.9% for the upper and 67.1% for the lower arch. This prevalence decreased significantly as age increased (p < 0.01). Normal canine relationship was found in almost 60% of the children for the right and left sides. Out of 712 evaluated terminal planes, 55.9% presented mesial terminal step for the primary second molars, 37.9% straight terminal plane and 6.2% distal step. The results permitted to conclude that the presence of generalized spacing between incisors, commonly described by other authors, was not the most prevailing condition for both arches in this sample. On the other hand, primate spaces were the most common ones. The most frequent normal occlusal patterns for canine and molar relationships were found to be the Class I patterns.O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os padrões oclusais normais da dentição decídua em crianças pré-escolares brasileiras. A amostra foi constituída por 356 crianças, de ambos os sexos, na faixa etária de 3-5 ½ anos e residentes na cidade de Salvador. O exame de oclusão foi realizado na sala de aula, por duas examinadoras, utilizando-se uma espátula de madeira. Os dados foram analisados pelo EPI-INFO 6.02, aplicando-se o teste chi². A freqüência do arco tipo I foi de 43,3% para a arcada superior e 46,3% para a inferior. O arco tipo II esteve presente em 56,7% das arcadas superiores e em 53,7% das inferiores, entretanto, sem diferença entre os sexos. A distribuição dos espaços primatas foi de 89,9% para o arco superior e 67,1% no arco inferior, diminuindo significativamente tal prevalência com o aumento das idades (p < 0,01). A relação canina normal foi encontrada em quase 60% das crianças, para ambos os lados. Dos 712 planos terminais distais avaliados, 55,9% apresentaram plano terminal mesial para os segundos molares decíduos; 37,9% plano terminal reto e 6,2% degrau distal. Os resultados permitem concluir que a presença dos espaços interincisais generalizados, comumente relatados por outros autores, não foi o mais freqüente para ambos os arcos nesta amostra, contudo, os espaços primatas foram os mais prevalentes. Os freqüentes padrões normais de oclusão para as relações canino e molar foram os de Classe I

Functional oral self-mutilation in children and adolescents: a scoping review

Objective: To present characteristics of publications in the worldwide scientific literature produced on the topic of functional oral self-mutilation in children and adolescents. Methods: This study is a scoping review. The search was made in the following databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, BVS/ LILACS, Web of Science and PsycNet. We used the Kappa test for the agreement analysis. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics presenting both absolute and relative frequencies. Results: 18 articles have been selected, all of which were published in English between the years of 1968 and 2017 in 4 different continents. Most of them were case reports and were conducted in hospitals and universities involved male children. The research area with the highest number of studies was Dentistry, followed by Medicine and Psychology, with clinical examinations as their most utilized diagnostic strategy. Conclusions: The literature on the subject is still quite scarce and has a low level of scientific evidence, which highlights the need for studies with high levels of scientific evidence in order to reach a better understanding of matters that are inherent to this scoping review’s topic

The 2021 WHO catalogue of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex mutations associated with drug resistance: a genotypic analysis.

Background: Molecular diagnostics are considered the most promising route to achievement of rapid, universal drug susceptibility testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). We aimed to generate a WHO-endorsed catalogue of mutations to serve as a global standard for interpreting molecular information for drug resistance prediction. Methods: In this systematic analysis, we used a candidate gene approach to identify mutations associated with resistance or consistent with susceptibility for 13 WHO-endorsed antituberculosis drugs. We collected existing worldwide MTBC whole-genome sequencing data and phenotypic data from academic groups and consortia, reference laboratories, public health organisations, and published literature. We categorised phenotypes as follows: methods and critical concentrations currently endorsed by WHO (category 1); critical concentrations previously endorsed by WHO for those methods (category 2); methods or critical concentrations not currently endorsed by WHO (category 3). For each mutation, we used a contingency table of binary phenotypes and presence or absence of the mutation to compute positive predictive value, and we used Fisher's exact tests to generate odds ratios and Benjamini-Hochberg corrected p values. Mutations were graded as associated with resistance if present in at least five isolates, if the odds ratio was more than 1 with a statistically significant corrected p value, and if the lower bound of the 95% CI on the positive predictive value for phenotypic resistance was greater than 25%. A series of expert rules were applied for final confidence grading of each mutation. Findings: We analysed 41 137 MTBC isolates with phenotypic and whole-genome sequencing data from 45 countries. 38 215 MTBC isolates passed quality control steps and were included in the final analysis. 15 667 associations were computed for 13 211 unique mutations linked to one or more drugs. 1149 (7·3%) of 15 667 mutations were classified as associated with phenotypic resistance and 107 (0·7%) were deemed consistent with susceptibility. For rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, fluoroquinolones, and streptomycin, the mutations' pooled sensitivity was more than 80%. Specificity was over 95% for all drugs except ethionamide (91·4%), moxifloxacin (91·6%) and ethambutol (93·3%). Only two resistance mutations were identified for bedaquiline, delamanid, clofazimine, and linezolid as prevalence of phenotypic resistance was low for these drugs. Interpretation: We present the first WHO-endorsed catalogue of molecular targets for MTBC drug susceptibility testing, which is intended to provide a global standard for resistance interpretation. The existence of this catalogue should encourage the implementation of molecular diagnostics by national tuberculosis programmes. Funding: Unitaid, Wellcome Trust, UK Medical Research Council, and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

Co-occurrence of physical and psychological violence among dating adolescents in Recife, Brazil: prevalence and associated factors

Submitted by Kamylla Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2017-12-15T14:02:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 art. Coocorrência de violência física - barreira.pdf: 120666 bytes, checksum: aaebbfbb53b84f917d3cefc75d50a922 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Kamylla Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2017-12-15T14:12:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 art. Coocorrência de violência física - barreira.pdf: 120666 bytes, checksum: aaebbfbb53b84f917d3cefc75d50a922 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-15T14:12:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 art. Coocorrência de violência física - barreira.pdf: 120666 bytes, checksum: aaebbfbb53b84f917d3cefc75d50a922 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva. Recife, PE, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva. Recife, PE, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública. Departamento de Epidemiologia e Métodos Quantitativos em Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Os objetivos foram estimar a prevalência de perpetração de violência física e psicológica entre adolescentes namorados de Recife, identificar fatores associados e a coocorrência de ambos os tipos de violência. Participaram do estudo 302 adolescentes de escolas públicas e particulares, com idade entre 15 e 19 anos, que tiveram algum relacionamento amoroso no último ano e esses preencheram o questionário. Foram realizadas análise univariada e regressão logística e todas as análises estatísticas incorporaram o peso amostral e o desenho da amostra complexa. A prevalência de violência física foi de 19,9%, de 82,8% para violência psicológica e de 18,9% para a coocorrência de violência física e psicológica. Os adolescentes que vivenciaram violência na comunidade e em relacionamentos de mais de um ano de duração apresentaram maiores chances de perpetrar violência psicológica. Enquanto, sofrer violência física do pai, entre irmãos e em namoros anteriores, além de ter perpetrado violência verbal em relacionamentos anteriores, foram variáveis que aumentaram a chance de perpetração de violência física e psicológica no namoro. Conclui-se que a violência psicológica e a coocorrência de violência física e psicológica possuem uma dinâmica distinta da violência física no namoro.The scope of this study was to assess the prevalence of physical and psychological violence among dating adolescents from Recife, Brazil, to identify associated factors and the co-occurrence of both types of violence. 302 adolescents aged between 15 and 19 years in public and private schools who were in a relationship in the last year filled out the questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression statistical analysis were performed and the sample weight and the complex sample design were entered. The prevalence was 19.9% of physical violence 82.8% of psychological violence and 18.9% for the co-occurrence of both. Adolescents who have experienced violence in the community and who were in dating relationships of more than one year duration were more likely to perpetrate psychological violence. For the co-occurrence of physical and psychological violence, the variables that increased the chance of perpetration were suffering physical violence from the father, violence among siblings, physical violence and the perpetration of verbal violence in previous relationships. The conclusion reached is that psychological violence and the co-occurrence of physical and psychological violence have a distinct dynamics from physical violence in dating relationships

Directionality of physical and psychological dating violence among adolescents in Recife, Brazil

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate the physical and psychological dating violence among adolescents with respect to the profiles of directionality - only man perpetrates, only woman perpetrates, and bidirectional, ie, both perpetrate violence. METHODS: Sample was performed by two-stage cluster selection in public and private school in the city of Recife (PE), Brazil, presenting data on 355 adolescents of both sexes between 15 and 19 years old. Psychological violence was measured in dimensions threat, verbal/emotional, and relational. Statistical analyzes incorporated the sampling weight and the complex sample design. RESULTS: Violence is bidirectional in most forms studied (83.9%) and girls reported higher levels of perpetration of physical violence, and boys reported more perpetration of relational violence. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that adolescent dating violence shows a pattern where partners attack each other, both physically and psychologically. Future research should study the patterns of these acts of violence, keeping the adolescent couple as the unit of analysis and exploring the context in which such violence occurs

Rehabilitation care for victims of accidents and violence: the situation of the municipal districts in Pernambuco, Brazil

Submitted by Santos Bárbara ([email protected]) on 2014-11-18T12:49:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Assistência em reabilitação para vítimas de acidentes e violência a situação dos municípios em Pernambuco, Brasil .pdf: 197218 bytes, checksum: 64ec6c3afb8d52b19120cfdf991efd91 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Santos Bárbara ([email protected]) on 2014-11-18T12:49:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Assistência em reabilitação para vítimas de acidentes e violência a situação dos municípios em Pernambuco, Brasil .pdf: 197218 bytes, checksum: 64ec6c3afb8d52b19120cfdf991efd91 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-18T13:19:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Assistência em reabilitação para vítimas de acidentes e violência a situação dos municípios em Pernambuco, Brasil .pdf: 197218 bytes, checksum: 64ec6c3afb8d52b19120cfdf991efd91 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães. Departamento de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães. Departamento de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Fernandes Figueira. Departamento de Ensino. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro Latino Americano de Estudos de Violência e Saúde Jorge Carelli. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães. Departamento de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFoi realizada uma análise diagnóstica da assistência em reabilitação para vítimas de acidentes e de violência em municípios de Pernambuco, Brasil, com mais de 100 mil habitantes. O desenho da investigação foi transversal e descritivo. Por contemplar a visão de vários informantes e empregar uma variedade de técnicas de coleta, foram adotados os princípios da triangulação de métodos. Foram investigados sete municípios e 21 Serviços de Reabilitação, com a aplicação de entrevista ao gestor municipal, para mapear e selecionar os serviços a serem analisados, e de questionário aos gerentes dos serviços, para identificação da unidade, caracterização das atividades e descrição da estrutura. Os resultados apontaram que mais da metade dos serviços realizam apenas atendimentos em grupo, prevenção de sequelas e estimulação neuropsicomotora. O quadro profissional dos 21 Serviços é composto por 273 pessoas, o Fisioterapeuta tem maior representatividade (34,8%), seguido do Psicólogo (13,5%) e do Fonoaudiólogo (12,8%). Apenas um município realiza dispensação de órteses, próteses e meios auxiliares para locomoção. Foram observados déficits de oferta de alguns tipos de atendimento e discrepâncias na distribuição geográfica desses serviços, nas diferentes regiões do Estado.A diagnostic analysis of care was conducted for rehabilitation of victims of accidents and violence in municipal districts of Pernambuco, Brazil, with over 100 thousand inhabitants. A cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out. The principles of the triangulation method were followed because the study required the input of various informers and used a variety of collection techniques. An interview was conducted with the municipal manager of each district to map out and select the services to be analyzed. Questionnaires were applied to the managers of the services for identification of the unit, characterization of the activities and description of the structure. The results revealed that more than half of the services involved group care, prevention of relapses and neuropsychomotor stimulation. The team numbered 273 health professionals, with physiotherapists being the largest group (34.8%), followed by psychologists (13.5%), and speech therapists (12.8%). Only one municipal district supplied ortheses, prostheses and auxiliary equipment for locomotion. Deficits of some types of services and discrepancies in the distribution of such services were observed in the different areas of the state