Aproximación a la teoría de la performatividad desde Judith Butler

Judith Butler is one of the most relevant academics for queer theory and for the development of contemporary feminist proposals. Her work, which is quite prolific, addresses diverse themes ranging from the analysis of violence, gender identities and the approach to the body and language. From her point of view, the system of closed categories that frame gender, sex and the expressions of gender and sex act as limiting factors that restrict the possibility of diversity in human beings. This paper seeks to approach her theory of performativity, considering the origins of the author and her influences as relevant elements in the development of her proposal.Judith Butler es una de las académicas más relevantes para la teoría queer y para el desarrollo de las propuestas feministas contemporáneas. Su obra, bastante próspera, aborda diversas temáticas que van desde el análisis de la violencia, las identidades de género y el abordaje del cuerpo y el lenguaje. Desde su visión, el sistema de categorías cerradas que enmarca el género, el sexo y las expresiones del género y del sexo, fungen como limitantes que restringen la posibilidad de diversidad en los seres humanos. El presente artículo, busca hacer una aproximación a su teoría de la performatividad, considerando los orígenes de la autora y sus influencias, como elementos relevantes en el desarrollo de su propuesta

Structure versus function: correlation between outer retinal and choroidal thicknesses measured by swept-source OCT with multifocal electroretinography and visual acuity

Background: To correlate retina-choroidal anatomy as assessed via swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) with retinal function as determined by best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG). Methods: Thirty-three eyes from 33 patients including 16 with neovascular AMD (nvAMD) and 17 controls were included. Patients were included in the present study after a complete ophthalmologic examination, including BCVA, slit-lamp study, intraocular pressure measurement, dilated fundus examination after tropicamide instillation, SD-OCT, SS-OCT, fundus photographs and mfERG. Age, sex, BCVA, number of anti-VEGF intravitreal injections in the nvAMD group, were recollected. Outer retinal and choroidal thickness were determined at the fovea and 500 μm temporal, superior, nasal and inferior. First-order response from mfERG was collected. P1 amplitude was recorded in R1, R2 and the average of R1 + R2. The measurements recollected from the SS-OCT, mfERG and BCVA were compared. Results: Better BCVA was found with thicker outer retina foveal thickness (r = 0.349; P = 0.047), with thicker subfoveal choroidal thickness (r = 0.443; P = 0.010), and with higher amplitude in P1 at R1 (r = 0.346; P = 0.037). Outer retina foveal thickness did not correlate with P1 amplitude at R1 (r = 0.072; P = 0.692), R2 (r = 0.265; P = 0.137) either with the average P1 amplitude at R1 + R2 (r = 0.253; P = 0.156). A thicker subfoveal choroidal thickness was related with higher amplitude in P1 at R1 (r = 0.383; P = 0.028), R2 (r = 0.409; P = 0.018) and the average of R1 + R2 (r = 0.419; P = 0.015). Conclusions: Choroidal thickness demonstrated a positive correlation with retinal function in the sample studied, so a thicker choroid is related to a better retinal function measured with mfERG and BCVA

Pinkwashing turístico. Una aproximación desde la promoción de destinos turísticos LGBTQ en Latinoamérica

The segment of tourism destinations focused on the gay community (pink tourism) has grown consi- derably in recent years. However, qualifying as a gay-friendly destination brings with it the need for a commitment that goes beyond having businesses focused on gay tourism, otherwise these actions could be labeled as pinkwashing. The aim of this article is to reflect on Latin America’s reality, considering three highly valued destinations for pink tourism: Mexico, Brazil and Costa Rica. Based on a content analysis method, we reflect on the data provided by the LGBTQ+ Danger Index 2021, as well as on newspaper articles related to this topic. As a conclusion it can be seen that, in some cases, despite the interest in offering destinations for the pink market, the real situation in the countries is still challenging for this group, resulting in an insufficient support for their actions and, therefore, questionable.El segmento de destinos turísticos enfocados a la comunidad homosexual (turismo rosa) ha tenido un crecimiento considerable en los últimos años. Sin embargo, calificarse como destino amigable para este sector trae consigo la necesidad de un compromiso que va más allá de simplemente tener negocios enfocados al turismo gay, pues de no ser así, se puede dar cabida a que estas acciones se califiquen de pinkwashing. Este artículo tiene por objetivo hacer una reflexión sobre la realidad que se vive en Latinoamérica, considerando 3 destinos altamente valorados por el turismo rosa: México, Brasil y Costa Rica. A partir de una metodología de análisis de contenidos, se hace una reflexión en torno a los datos que arroja el LGBTQ+ Danger Index 2021, así como de textos noticiosos relacionados con esta temática. Como conclusión, se puede apreciar que, en algunos casos, a pesar del interés de ofrecer destinos para el mercado rosa, la realidad de los países sigue siendo desafiante para este colectivo, dando lugar a que sus acciones sin un suficiente respaldo y por ende, cuestionables

Pinkwashing turístico. Una aproximación desde la promoción de destinos turísticos LGBTQ en Latinoamérica

The segment of tourism destinations focused on the gay community (pink tourism) has grown consi- derably in recent years. However, qualifying as a gay-friendly destination brings with it the need for a commitment that goes beyond having businesses focused on gay tourism, otherwise these actions could be labeled as pinkwashing. The aim of this article is to reflect on Latin America’s reality, considering three highly valued destinations for pink tourism: Mexico, Brazil and Costa Rica. Based on a content analysis method, we reflect on the data provided by the LGBTQ+ Danger Index 2021, as well as on newspaper articles related to this topic. As a conclusion it can be seen that, in some cases, despite the interest in offering destinations for the pink market, the real situation in the countries is still challenging for this group, resulting in an insufficient support for their actions and, therefore, questionable.El segmento de destinos turísticos enfocados a la comunidad homosexual (turismo rosa) ha tenido un crecimiento considerable en los últimos años. Sin embargo, calificarse como destino amigable para este sector trae consigo la necesidad de un compromiso que va más allá de simplemente tener negocios enfocados al turismo gay, pues de no ser así, se puede dar cabida a que estas acciones se califiquen de pinkwashing. Este artículo tiene por objetivo hacer una reflexión sobre la realidad que se vive en Latinoamérica, considerando 3 destinos altamente valorados por el turismo rosa: México, Brasil y Costa Rica. A partir de una metodología de análisis de contenidos, se hace una reflexión en torno a los datos que arroja el LGBTQ+ Danger Index 2021, así como de textos noticiosos relacionados con esta temática. Como conclusión, se puede apreciar que, en algunos casos, a pesar del interés de ofrecer destinos para el mercado rosa, la realidad de los países sigue siendo desafiante para este colectivo, dando lugar a que sus acciones sin un suficiente respaldo y por ende, cuestionables.The segment of tourism destinations focused on the gay community (pink tourism) has grown consi- derably in recent years. However, qualifying as a gay-friendly destination brings with it the need for a commitment that goes beyond having businesses focused on gay tourism, otherwise these actions could be labeled as pinkwashing. The aim of this article is to reflect on Latin America’s reality, considering three highly valued destinations for pink tourism: Mexico, Brazil and Costa Rica. Based on a content analysis method, we reflect on the data provided by the LGBTQ+ Danger Index 2021, as well as on newspaper articles related to this topic. As a conclusion it can be seen that, in some cases, despite the interest in offering destinations for the pink market, the real situation in the countries is still challenging for this group, resulting in an insufficient support for their actions and, therefore, questionable

Structure versus function: correlation between outer retinal and choroidal thicknesses measured by swept-source OCT with multifocal electroretinography and visual acuity

Abstract Background To correlate retina-choroidal anatomy as assessed via swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) with retinal function as determined by best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG). Methods Thirty-three eyes from 33 patients including 16 with neovascular AMD (nvAMD) and 17 controls were included. Patients were included in the present study after a complete ophthalmologic examination, including BCVA, slit-lamp study, intraocular pressure measurement, dilated fundus examination after tropicamide instillation, SD-OCT, SS-OCT, fundus photographs and mfERG. Age, sex, BCVA, number of anti-VEGF intravitreal injections in the nvAMD group, were recollected. Outer retinal and choroidal thickness were determined at the fovea and 500 μm temporal, superior, nasal and inferior. First-order response from mfERG was collected. P1 amplitude was recorded in R1, R2 and the average of R1 + R2. The measurements recollected from the SS-OCT, mfERG and BCVA were compared. Results Better BCVA was found with thicker outer retina foveal thickness (r = 0.349; P = 0.047), with thicker subfoveal choroidal thickness (r = 0.443; P = 0.010), and with higher amplitude in P1 at R1 (r = 0.346; P = 0.037). Outer retina foveal thickness did not correlate with P1 amplitude at R1 (r = 0.072; P = 0.692), R2 (r = 0.265; P = 0.137) either with the average P1 amplitude at R1 + R2 (r = 0.253; P = 0.156). A thicker subfoveal choroidal thickness was related with higher amplitude in P1 at R1 (r = 0.383; P = 0.028), R2 (r = 0.409; P = 0.018) and the average of R1 + R2 (r = 0.419; P = 0.015). Conclusions Choroidal thickness demonstrated a positive correlation with retinal function in the sample studied, so a thicker choroid is related to a better retinal function measured with mfERG and BCVA