Synthesis and steric structure of 3′,3′,5′-trimethyl-7′,7′-bis(trifluoromethyl)spiro[1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphole-2,1′-[2,6,8]trioxa[1λ⁵]phosphabicyclo[3.2.1]octane] and 3′,5′-dimethyl-7′,7′-bis(trifluoromethyl)spiro[1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphole-2,1′-[2,6,8]trioxa[1λ⁵]phosphabicyclo[3.2.1]oct[3]ene]

© 2015 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Reactions of hexafluoroacetone with 4-(1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphol-2-yloxy)-4-methylpentan-2-one and 4-(1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphol-2-yloxy)pent-3-en-2-one afforded cage spiro phosphoranes with a phosphorus-carbon bond, 3′,3′,5′-trimethyl-7′,7′-bis(trifluoromethyl)spiro[1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphole-2,1′-[2,6,8]-trioxa[1λ5]phosphabicyclo[3.2.1]octane] and 3′,5′-dimethyl-7′,7′-bis(trifluoromethyl)spiro[1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphole-2,1′-[2,6,8]trioxa[1λ5]phosphabicyclo[3.2.1]oct[3]ene], whose structure was determined by X-ray analysis

EUV emission spectra from excited Ar, Xe and Sn ions produced in capillary discharges

This work presents preliminary results of an extreme ultraviolet emission obserwations of a capillary discharge plasma. The main purpose of measurements was to demonstrate the spectral range covered by the system working parameters. The spectroscopic studies were carried out by means of an XEUV spectrometer in the Johann geometry. The results provide general information about the radiation processes from the xenon, argon and tin plasma in the range from 12 to 63 nm.Представлено перші результати спостереження емісії вакуумного ультрафіолетового (ВУФ) випромінювання в плазмі капілярного розряду. Основною метою вимірів була демонстрація покриття спектрального діапазону робочими параметрами системи. Спектроскопічні дослідження проведені за допомогою ВУФ спектрометра Джоханнівської геометрії. Результати подають загальну інформацію про процеси випромінювання з ксенонової, аргонової і свинцевої плазми в діапазоні від 12 до 63 нм.Представлены первые результаты наблюдения эмиссии вакуумного ультрафиолетового (ВУФ) излучения в плазме капиллярного разряда. Основной целью измерений являлась демонстрация покрытия спектрального диапазона рабочими параметрами системы. Спектроскопические исследования проведены с помощью ВУФ спектрометра Джоханновской геометрии. Результаты дают общую информацию о процессах излучения из ксеноновой, аргоновой и свинцовой плазмы в диапазоне от 12 до 63 нм

Statistical analysis of the use an internal capital adequacy assessment procedure in the monitoring of banks stability

To increase the stability of the banking system, it is necessary to use effective systems of risk management and monitoring of banks. One of these systems is the internal procedure for capital adequacy assessment (IPCAA). The purpose of this study is to assess, using a statistical analysis, the impact of the IPCAA procedure on changes in the value of banks' capital adequacy ratios. Some results of monitoring data are presented on risk-weighted assets, level 1 and 2 capitals, and capital adequacy ratios (CAR) for two foreign (2008 - 2018) and three Russian banks (2014 - 2018). The study showed the direct effect of increasing the risk-weighted assets on the level of capital adequacy (CAR). The results obtained allow concluding that there is a direct significant connection between the IPCAA procedure use and the stability of banks. This procedure provides a comprehensive assessment of the overall capital adequacy of banks, taking into account the existing risks in order to maintain an adequate and stable forecast level of capital. The study also revealed the needs of banks in creating adequate structures to ensure proper management of financial and operational risks, which will simplify the IPCAA process and ensure more effective capital planning and decision-making to provide the stability of both individual banks and the entire banking system. © 2020 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved

Многоцентровое наблюдательное неинтервенционное исследование применения комбинированных противотуберкулезных препаратов при лечении больных туберкулезом легких

The objective of the study: to run a multicenter non-interventional observational study to assess treatment outcomes in tuberculosis patients receiving combination drugs with fixed doses, and to evaluate tolerability and safety of these drugs.Subjects and methods. 13 TB units participated in this study which lasted from 2016 to 2018. The primary population (PP) included of 489 patients, after applying the exclusion criteria – the subpopulation (subPP) included 267 patients with newly detected pulmonary tuberculosis and relapses who received treatment as per chemotherapy regimen I or III. Descriptive statistics methods were used for statistical data processing.Results. Of all PP, 267 (54.6%) completed the main course of chemotherapy. (subPP). Out of 489 patients, treatment was discontinued in 118 (24.1%) of them. Primary drug resistance was detected in 30 (6.1%) patients out of 489 patients, secondary drug resistance – in 74 (15.1%) of 489. In subPP, by the end of the intensive phase the sputum conversion was achieved in 78 (96.3%) of 81 patients. Clinical and X-ray changes had been observed in this subgroup for 106.2 to 63.3 days (median 90). The duration of the intensive phase in the subPP made 107.9 ± 50.5 days. In safety assessment, 191 adverse events (AE) were registered in 149 (30.5%) of 489 patients. By severity, most AEs were minor (164 out of 191), moderate AEs were less frequent (20 out of 191), and there were 7 cases of serious AEs. 61 AEs in 57 (38.2%) out of 149 patients were confidently associated with in-take of the studied drugs. The structure of those AEs, transient transaminase level elevation prevailed (45 (73.8%) of 61 AEs, but there was a single case (1.6%) drug-induced hepatitis). Among the serious AEs, two cases were safely resolved by the end of the protocol, two of them were fatal in TB/HIV co-infection, and three cases were diagnosed with cancer.Цель исследования: оценка в многоцентровом неинтервенционном наблюдательном исследовании результатов лечения больных туберкулезом с использованием комбинированных препаратов с фиксированными дозами, переносимости и безопасности этих препаратов.Материалы и методы. В исследовании, проходившем с 2016 по 2018 г., участвовали 13 противотуберкулезных учреждений. Сформированы первичная популяция (РР) из 489 пациентов, после применения критериев исключения – субпопуляция (subPP) из 267 пациентов с впервые выявленным туберкулезом легких и рецидивом, которые получали лечение по I или III режиму химиотерапии. Для статистической обработки данных использовали методы описательной статистики.Результаты. Из РР основной курс химиотерапии завершили 267 (54,6%) (subPP). Досрочно прекратили лечение 118 (24,1%) пациентов из 489. Первичная лекарственная устойчивость выявлена у 30 (6,1%) из 489, вторичная – у 74 (15,1%) из 489. В subPP прекращение бактериовыделения обнаруживалось к концу интенсивной фазы в 78 (96,3%) случаях из 81. Клинико-рентгенологическая динамика отмечалась в этой подгруппе в течение 106,2 ± 63,3 дня (медиана 90). Длительность интенсивной фазы в subPP составила 107,9 ± 50,5 дня. При оценке безопасности зарегистрировано 191 нежелательное явление (НЯ) у 149 (30,5%) из 489 пациентов. По степени тяжести большинство НЯ были легкой степени (164 из 191), реже (20 из 191) – средней степени и 7 – серьезные НЯ. С приемом исследуемых препаратов установлена связь при 61 НЯ у 57 (38,2%) из 149 пациентов. В структуре этих НЯ преобладало транзиторное повышение уровня трансаминаз (45 (73,8%) из 61 НЯ, но в единичном случае (1,6%) зарегистрирован лекарственный гепатит). Среди серьезных НЯ два случая благополучно разрешились к завершению протокола, два ‒ закончились летальным исходом при сочетании ВИЧ-инфекции и туберкулеза, а в трех случаях диагностированы онкологические заболевания

Spectral resolution of Cauchois-Johansson spectrometer

Spectral resolution of a Cauchois-Johansson spectrometer is analyzed analytically and studied experimentally, using an X-ray tube. Widening of Mo K-alpha spectra, taken in the transmission regime are discussed. Spectral resolution is shown to be δλ/λ ≈ 1.7×10–3. This value is explained by the influence of crystal thickness and diffraction defocusing of line

The reaction of 4-(1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphol-2-yloxy)-3-tert-butylpent-4-en-2-one with hexafluoroacetone

© 2019 Catalytic (ZnCl2, Et3N) phosphorylation of tert-butylacetylacetone with 2-chloro-1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphole unexpectedly occurs with elimination of proton from the methyl group and leads to vinyloxyphosphole derivative, viz., 4-(1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphol-2-yloxy)-3-tert-butylpent-4-en-2-one. Its reaction with hexafluoroacetone gives a cage phosphorane as a result of subsequent chemoselective [4 + 2]- and [3 + 2]-cycloadditions with stereoselectivity above 95%

Synthesis and steric structure of 3′,3′,5′-trimethyl-7′,7′-bis(trifluoromethyl)spiro[1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphole-2,1′-[2,6,8]trioxa[1λ⁵]phosphabicyclo[3.2.1]octane] and 3′,5′-dimethyl-7′,7′-bis(trifluoromethyl)spiro[1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphole-2,1′-[2,6,8]trioxa[1λ⁵]phosphabicyclo[3.2.1]oct[3]ene]

© 2015 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Reactions of hexafluoroacetone with 4-(1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphol-2-yloxy)-4-methylpentan-2-one and 4-(1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphol-2-yloxy)pent-3-en-2-one afforded cage spiro phosphoranes with a phosphorus-carbon bond, 3′,3′,5′-trimethyl-7′,7′-bis(trifluoromethyl)spiro[1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphole-2,1′-[2,6,8]-trioxa[1λ5]phosphabicyclo[3.2.1]octane] and 3′,5′-dimethyl-7′,7′-bis(trifluoromethyl)spiro[1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphole-2,1′-[2,6,8]trioxa[1λ5]phosphabicyclo[3.2.1]oct[3]ene], whose structure was determined by X-ray analysis

Synthesis and steric structure of 3′,3′,5′-trimethyl-7′,7′-bis(trifluoromethyl)spiro[1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphole-2,1′-[2,6,8]trioxa[1λ⁵]phosphabicyclo[3.2.1]octane] and 3′,5′-dimethyl-7′,7′-bis(trifluoromethyl)spiro[1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphole-2,1′-[2,6,8]trioxa[1λ⁵]phosphabicyclo[3.2.1]oct[3]ene]

© 2015 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Reactions of hexafluoroacetone with 4-(1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphol-2-yloxy)-4-methylpentan-2-one and 4-(1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphol-2-yloxy)pent-3-en-2-one afforded cage spiro phosphoranes with a phosphorus-carbon bond, 3′,3′,5′-trimethyl-7′,7′-bis(trifluoromethyl)spiro[1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphole-2,1′-[2,6,8]-trioxa[1λ5]phosphabicyclo[3.2.1]octane] and 3′,5′-dimethyl-7′,7′-bis(trifluoromethyl)spiro[1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphole-2,1′-[2,6,8]trioxa[1λ5]phosphabicyclo[3.2.1]oct[3]ene], whose structure was determined by X-ray analysis

Synthesis and steric structure of 3′,3′,5′-trimethyl-7′,7′-bis(trifluoromethyl)spiro[1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphole-2,1′-[2,6,8]trioxa[1λ⁵]phosphabicyclo[3.2.1]octane] and 3′,5′-dimethyl-7′,7′-bis(trifluoromethyl)spiro[1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphole-2,1′-[2,6,8]trioxa[1λ⁵]phosphabicyclo[3.2.1]oct[3]ene]

© 2015 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Reactions of hexafluoroacetone with 4-(1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphol-2-yloxy)-4-methylpentan-2-one and 4-(1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphol-2-yloxy)pent-3-en-2-one afforded cage spiro phosphoranes with a phosphorus-carbon bond, 3′,3′,5′-trimethyl-7′,7′-bis(trifluoromethyl)spiro[1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphole-2,1′-[2,6,8]-trioxa[1λ5]phosphabicyclo[3.2.1]octane] and 3′,5′-dimethyl-7′,7′-bis(trifluoromethyl)spiro[1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphole-2,1′-[2,6,8]trioxa[1λ5]phosphabicyclo[3.2.1]oct[3]ene], whose structure was determined by X-ray analysis

The reaction of 4-(1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphol-2-yloxy)-3-tert-butylpent-4-en-2-one with hexafluoroacetone

© 2019 Catalytic (ZnCl2, Et3N) phosphorylation of tert-butylacetylacetone with 2-chloro-1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphole unexpectedly occurs with elimination of proton from the methyl group and leads to vinyloxyphosphole derivative, viz., 4-(1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphol-2-yloxy)-3-tert-butylpent-4-en-2-one. Its reaction with hexafluoroacetone gives a cage phosphorane as a result of subsequent chemoselective [4 + 2]- and [3 + 2]-cycloadditions with stereoselectivity above 95%