1,302 research outputs found
Expansion and Collapse in the Cosmic Web
We study the kinematics of the gaseous cosmic web at high redshift with Lyman
alpha forest absorption in multiple QSO sightlines. Using a simple analytic
model and a cosmological hydrodynamic simulation we constrain the underlying
three-dimensional distribution of velocities from the observed line-of-sight
distribution of velocity shear across the plane of the sky. The distribution is
found to be in good agreement with the intergalactic medium (IGM) undergoing
large scale motions dominated by the Hubble flow. Modeling the Lyman alpha
clouds analytically and with a hydrodynamics simulation, the average expansion
velocity of the gaseous structures causing the Lyman alpha forest in the lower
redshift (z = 2) sample appears about 20 percent lower than the local Hubble
expansion velocity. We interpret this as tentative evidence for some clouds
undergoing gravitational collapse. However, the distribution of velocities is
highly skewed, and the majority of clouds at redshifts from 2 to 3.8 expand
typically about 5 - 20 percent faster than the Hubble flow. This behavior is
explained if most absorbers in the column density range typically detectable
are expanding filaments that stretch and drain into more massive nodes. We find
no evidence for the observed distribution of velocity shear being significantly
influenced by processes other than Hubble expansion and gravitational
instability, like galactic winds. To avoid overly disturbing the IGM, winds may
be old and/or limp by the time we observe them in the Lyman alpha forest, or
they may occupy only an insignificant volume fraction of the IGM. (abridged)Comment: 63 pages, 26 figures, AAS Latex; ApJ, in pres
Reprint of âThe Single-Case Reporting Guideline In BEhavioural interventions (SCRIBE) 2016: explanation and elaborationâ
There is substantial evidence that research studies reported in the scientific literature do not provide adequate information so that readers know exactly what was done and what was found. This problem has been addressed by the development of reporting guidelines which tell authors what should be reported and how it should be described. Many reporting guidelines are now available for different types of research designs. There is no such guideline for one type of research design commonly used in the behavioral sciences, the single-case experimental design (SCED). The present study addressed this gap. This report describes the Single-Case Reporting guideline In BEhavioural interventions (SCRIBE) 2016, which is a set of 26 items that authors need to address when writing about SCED research for publication in a scientific journal. Each item is described, a rationale for its inclusion is provided, and examples of adequate reporting taken from the literature are quoted. It is recommended that the SCRIBE 2016 is used by authors preparing manuscripts describing SCED research for publication, as well as journal reviewers and editors who are evaluating such manuscripts.Published versio
Is It My Fault? Contemplative Reactions Among Nurses Toward the Existence of BlamingCulture in Relation to Their Documentation : A Malaysian Context
Introduction: Nursing documentation is the key to nursing care in hospitals. Nursing documentation contains evidences which demonstrate a significant association between the comprehensive level of nursing care and nursesâ professional practice. Therefore, nurses in Malaysia are trained to abide with the code of professional practice (1998) which required them to contrive a complete and comprehensive nursing documentation. Despite the importance of nursing documentation in the nursing professional practice, such study almost non-existent in Malaysia. Hence,
there is a need to explore nurses understanding about existence of professionalism within their documentation, from a Malaysian context. Methods: The study utilized a qualitative approach which aimed to explore the perceptions among nurses in Malaysia on their documentation with relation to professionalism in nursing. Forty semi structured interviews were conducted in order to obtain an understanding of nursesâ views on their documentation and its influence on their ways of preparing and completing their documentation. Thematic analysis was used to identify categories and themes in nursesâ accounts of their documentation with relation to professionalism in nursing. Results: One
of many profound findings from the study is the fear among nurses of âblaming cultureâ in that occurs their clinical setting. The nurses perceive âblaming cultureâ do not tolerate mistakes and they are more likely to be blamed for poor patient safety and insufficient quality of care. This is because nurses are directly involved in delivering care to patient or client in the hospital. âBlaming cultureâ however motivates nurses to ensure their documentation is complete, comprehensive and contemporaneous. Conclusion: Interestingly, the nurses perceive their documentation as an important evidence if there are possible future medical legal issues that they might have to involve with
U.S. Pacific Marine Mammal Stock Assessments
Under the 1994 amendments to the Marine Mammal Protection Act, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) were required to produce stock assessment reports for all marine mammal stocks in waters within the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone. This document contains the stock assessment reports for the U.S. Pacific marine mammal stocks under NMFS jurisdiction. Marine mammal species which are under the management jurisdiction of the USFWS are not included in this report. A separate report containing background, guidelines for preparation, and .a summary of all stock assessment reports is available from the NMFS Office of Protected Resources. This report was prepared by staff of the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NMFS and the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NMFS. The information presented here was compiled primarily from published sources, but additional unpublished information was included where it contributed to the assessments. The authors wish to thanks the members of the Pacific Scientific Review Group for their valuable contributions and constructive criticism: Hannah Bernard, Robin Brown, Mark Fraker, Doyle Hanan, John Heyning, Steve Jeffries, Katherine Ralls, Michael Scott, and Terry Wright. Their comments greatly improved the quality of these reports, We also thanks the Marine Mammal Commission, The Humane Society of the United States, The Marine Mammal Center, The Center for Marine Conservation, and Friends of the Sea Otter for their careful reviews and thoughtful comments. Special thanks to Paul Wade of the Office of Protected Resources for his exhaustive review and comments, which greatly enhanced the consistency and technical quality of the reports. Any ommissions or errors are the sole responsibility of the authors. This is a working document and individual stock assessment reports will be updated as new information becomes available and as changes to marine mammal stocks and fisheries occur; therefore, each stock assessment report is intended to be a stand alone document. The authors solicit any new information or comments which would improve future stock assessment reports. This is Southwest Fisheries Science Center Technical Memorandum NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC- 219, July 1995. 11
Brownian Motions on Metric Graphs
Brownian motions on a metric graph are defined. Their generators are
characterized as Laplace operators subject to Wentzell boundary at every
vertex. Conversely, given a set of Wentzell boundary conditions at the vertices
of a metric graph, a Brownian motion is constructed pathwise on this graph so
that its generator satisfies the given boundary conditions.Comment: 43 pages, 7 figures. 2nd revision of our article 1102.4937: The
introduction has been modified, several references were added. This article
will appear in the special issue of Journal of Mathematical Physics
celebrating Elliott Lieb's 80th birthda
The effect of electro-hydrodynamic shockwaves on the quality of striploin and brisket beef muscles during long-term storage
Shockwaves generate instantaneous high pressures, which could affect meat shelf-life or quality. This study assessed microbiological counts, pH, drip, cook and moisture loss and texture of striploin (longissimus lumborum) and brisket (pectoralis profundus) treated with electrical shockwave (25 kV, 8 pulses) and subsequently stored (â0.5 °C) for 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks. Shockwave did not affect total viable counts (p>0.05), with all samples considered microbiologically acceptable (0.05). Shockwave Ă storage time increased moisture losses in striploin (p<0.01) and brisket (p<0.01) at week 0 but this decreased over subsequent storage weeks. Shockwave technology did not affect meat shelf-life and has potential for beef tenderisation
Small Scale Structure at High Redshift: III. The Clumpiness of the Intergalactic Medium on Sub-kpc Scales
Spectra from the Keck HIRES instrument of the Lyman alpha forests in the
lines of sight to the A and C components of the gravitationally lensed QSO
Q1422+231 were used to investigate the structure of the intergalactic medium at
mean redshift z = 3.3 on sub-kpc scales. We measured the cross-correlation
amplitude between the two Lyman alpha forests for a mean transverse separation
of 120 pc, and computed the RMS column density and velocity differences between
individual absorption systems seen in both lines of sight. The RMS differences
between the velocity centroids of the Lyman alpha forest lines were found to be
less than about 400 m/s, for unsaturated absorption lines with column densities
in the range 12<log N(HI)<14.13. The rate of energy transfer into the low
density IGM on a typical scale of 100 pc seems to be lower by 3-4 orders of
magnitude than the rate measured earlier for strong CIV metal absorption
systems. The tight correlation between HI column density and baryonic density
in the intergalactic medium was used to obtain an upper limit on the RMS
fluctuations of the baryonic density field. The fraction of the absorption
lines that are different across the lines of sight was used to determine the
filling factor of the universe for gas which has suffered recent hydrodynamic
disturbances. We thereby derived upper limits on the filling factor of galactic
outflows at high redshift. Short-lived, short-range ancient winds are
essentially unconstrained by this method but strong winds blowing for a
substantial fraction of a Hubble time (at z = 3.3) appear to fill less than 20
percent of the volume of the universe.Comment: latex file plus 12 postscript figures (36 pages in total); accepted
for publication by the Ap
The Single-Case Reporting Guideline In BEhavioural Interventions (SCRIBE) 2016 statement
We developed a reporting guideline to provide authors with guidance about what should be reported when writing a paper for publication in a scientific journal using a particular type of research design: the single-case experimental design. This report describes the methods used to develop the Single-Case Reporting guideline In BEhavioural interventions (SCRIBE) 2016. As a result of 2 online surveys and a 2-day meeting of experts, the SCRIBE 2016 checklist was developed, which is a set of 26 items that authors need to address when writing about single-case research. This article complements the more detailed SCRIBE 2016 Explanation and Elaboration article (Tate et al., 2016) that provides a rationale for each of the items and examples of adequate reporting from the literature. Both these resources will assist authors to prepare reports of single-case research with clarity, completeness, accuracy, and transparency. They will also provide journal reviewers and editors with a practical
checklist against which such reports may be critically evaluated. We recommend that the SCRIBE 2016 is used by authors preparing manuscripts describing single-case research for publication, as well as journal reviewers and editors who are evaluating such manuscripts.Funding for the SCRIBE project was provided by the Lifetime Care and Support Authority of New South Wales, Australia. The funding body was not involved in the conduct, interpretation or writing of this work. We acknowledge the contribution of the responders to the Delphi surveys, as well as administrative assistance provided by Kali Godbee and Donna Wakim at the SCRIBE consensus meeting. Lyndsey Nickels was funded by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT120100102) and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders (CE110001021). For further discussion on this topic, please visit the Archives of Scientific Psychology online public forum at http://arcblog.apa.org. (Lifetime Care and Support Authority of New South Wales, Australia; FT120100102 - Australian Research Council Future Fellowship; CE110001021 - Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders)Published versio
The Possibility of Thermal Instability in Early-Type Stars Due to Alfven Waves
It was shown by dos Santos et al. the importance of Alfv\'en waves to explain
the winds of Wolf-Rayet stars. We investigate here the possible importance of
Alfv\'en waves in the creation of inhomogeneities in the winds of early-type
stars. The observed infrared emission (at the base of the wind) of early-type
stars is often larger than expected. The clumping explains this characteristic
in the wind, increasing the mean density and hence the emission measure, making
possible to understand the observed infrared, as well as the observed
enhancement in the blue wing of the line. In this study, we
investigate the formation of these clumps a via thermal instability. The
heat-loss function used, , includes physical processes such as:
emission of (continuous and line) recombination radiation; resonance line
emission excited by electron collisions; thermal bremsstrahlung; Compton
heating and cooling; and damping of Alfv\'en waves. As a result of this
heat-loss function we show the existence of two stable equilibrium regions. The
stable equilibrium region at high temperature is the diffuse medium and at low
temperature the clumps. Using this reasonable heat-loss function, we show that
the two stable equilibrium regions can coexist over a narrow range of pressures
describing the diffuse medium and the clumps.Comment: 21 pages (psfig.sty), 5 figures (included), ApJ accepted. Also
available at http://www.iagusp.usp.br/preprints/preprint.htm
The Grizzly, September 29, 1978
Social changes open Fall term ⢠Student Deans reorganized ⢠Rebuck stresses individuality ⢠News in brief: Lindback award presented to profs; Student dies suddenly; Miller heads Advance Ursinus; Women\u27s council meets; Fields speaks at VPI; Nine faculty appointed; Music director honored; New Alumni Secretary named ⢠Ursinus middle class ⢠Dr. Snyder, interim Dean ⢠Letters to the editor: Damage policy questioned ⢠Life on these American campuses ⢠I. F. picnic: Let\u27s do it again ⢠Good bands are available: Price shouldn\u27t be primary concern ⢠Keith Moon: The life and death of The Who? ⢠Richter welcomes frosh ⢠USGA reports ⢠Danforth fellowships offered ⢠Portrait of the professor: Dr. Roger P. Staiger ⢠Harriers open season ⢠Football: Tough start ⢠Sports profile: Dave Kennedy ⢠Cross country looks strong ⢠Football: Pre-season peek ⢠Field hockeyhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1000/thumbnail.jp
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