Measurement of the Positive Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 0.46 ppm

We present the first results of the Fermilab Muon g-2 Experiment for the positive muon magnetic anomaly $a_\mu \equiv (g_\mu-2)/2$. The anomaly is determined from the precision measurements of two angular frequencies. Intensity variation of high-energy positrons from muon decays directly encodes the difference frequency $\omega_a$ between the spin-precession and cyclotron frequencies for polarized muons in a magnetic storage ring. The storage ring magnetic field is measured using nuclear magnetic resonance probes calibrated in terms of the equivalent proton spin precession frequency ${\tilde{\omega}'^{}_p}$ in a spherical water sample at 34.7$^{\circ}$C. The ratio $\omega_a / {\tilde{\omega}'^{}_p}$, together with known fundamental constants, determines $a_\mu({\rm FNAL}) = 116\,592\,040(54)\times 10^{-11}$ (0.46\,ppm). The result is 3.3 standard deviations greater than the standard model prediction and is in excellent agreement with the previous Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) E821 measurement. After combination with previous measurements of both $\mu^+$ and $\mu^-$, the new experimental average of $a_\mu({\rm Exp}) = 116\,592\,061(41)\times 10^{-11}$ (0.35\,ppm) increases the tension between experiment and theory to 4.2 standard deviationsComment: 10 pages; 4 figure

Transformation of today greenhouses into high technology vertical farming systems for metropolitan regions

World population will be approximately 9 billion by the year 2050. Additional area required to feed this population using available technologies equals to the size of Brazil. Because of the decrease in agricultural lands that will nourish people, the crop losses caused by emerging new pests and diseases, climate change and environmental pollution, the development of alternative agricultural systems in order for the production needed to be made to feed people has become compulsory. Therefore, 'Vertical Farming Systems', which is one of the agricultural systems where the yield (harvest) to be received from the unit area is high, is progressing on the way to becoming an agricultural system that will rapidly develop in the future. However, for sustainable production and energy in this system, engineering, architecture, technology and experiences are needed to be used all together. Thus, in this agricultural system with advanced technology, production made in an area of 4000-30 000 m2 is being achieved in an area of 1000 m2; the risk of crop loss dependent on conditions like aridity, floods, pests and disease, etc. is eliminated. By virtue of the utilisation of renewable energy resources (solar, wind, etc.), environmental pollution and fossil fuel consumption decreases. Due to multiplex buildings and systems, it is enabled to carry out agriculture in the city centre and healthy products are provided in the sense of food safety

Comparative response of huanglongbing-affected sweet orange trees to nitrogen and zinc fertilization under microsprinkler irrigation

2-s2.0-85097833775Nitrogen and micronutrients have a key role in many citrus plant enzyme reactions. Although enough micronutrients may be present in the soil, deficiency can develop due to soil depletion or the formation of insoluble compounds. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the adsorption, distribution, and availability of Zn in a sandy soil; (2) compare the effectiveness of foliar and soil application methods of Zn on Huanglongbing [HLB] affected trees; (3) compare foliar application rates of Zn for HLB-affected trees; (4) determine the effect of N rates on yield, soil inorganic N distribution patterns, and tree growth parameters. Tree rows were supplied with three N rates of 168, 224 and 280 kg·N·ha?1 and Zn at single and double recommended rates (recommended rate = 5.6 kg·Zn·ha?1) using foliar and soil application methods, in a split-plot experimental design. The results show that Zn concentration in the 0–15 cm soil depth was three times higher than the 30–45 and 45–60 cm soil depths during the study. An adsorption study revealed high Zn (KD = 6.5) sorption coefficients at 0–15 cm soil depth, while 30–45 and 45–60 cm depths showed little sorption. Leaf Zn concentration for foliar spray was two times higher than the soil application method. A nitrogen level of 224 kg N ha?1 improved canopy volume when compared to other N levels at the expense of reduced fruit weight. Foliar Zn application at 5.6 or 11.2 kg ha?1 and N rate at 224 kg ha?1 appear to be adequate for improving the performance of HLB-affected citrus trees. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.FLA-CRC-005593 U.S. Department of Agriculture, USDA: AP19PPQS, T00C116 Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, IFASAcknowledgments: The authors thank the UF/IFAS Citrus Initiative, USDA NIFA Hatch Project No. FLA-CRC-005593 and USDA MAC APHIS Agreement No. AP19PPQS&T00C116 for funding. The Water and Nutrient Management Lab Team at the Citrus Research and Education Center (CREC) Lake Alfred, FL is thanked for help with data collection and processing.Funding: UF/IFAS Citrus Initiative, USDA NIFA Hatch Project No. FLA-CRC-005593 and USDA MAC APHIS Agreement No. AP19PPQS&T00C116