Spectroscopie électronique de complexes du nickel(II), de lor(I), du ruthénium(II) et de certains lanthanides : caractéristiques inhabituelles de leur structure électronique

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Use of HRP-2-based rapid diagnostic test for Plasmodium falciparum malaria: assessing accuracy and cost-effectiveness in the villages of Dielmo and Ndiop, Senegal

Background: In 2006, the Senegalese National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) has recommended artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria and, in 2007, mandated testing for all suspected cases of malaria with a Plasmodium falciparum HRP-2-based rapid diagnostic test for malaria (RDT(Paracheck (R)). Given the higher cost of ACT compared to earlier anti-malarials, the objectives of the present study were i) to study the accuracy of Paracheck (R) compared to the thick blood smear (TBS) in two areas with different levels of malaria endemicity and ii) analyse the cost-effectiveness of the strategy of the parasitological confirmation of clinically suspected malaria cases management recommended by the NMCP. Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in the villages of Dielmo and Ndiop (Senegal) nested in a cohort study of about 800 inhabitants. For all the individuals consulting between October 2008 and January 2009 with a clinical diagnosis of malaria, a questionnaire was filled and finger-prick blood samples were taken both for microscopic examination and RDT. The estimated costs and cost-effectiveness analysis were made considering five scenarios, the recommendations of the NMCP being the reference scenario. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was performed assuming that all the RDT-positive patients and 50% of RDT-negative patients were treated with ACT. Results: A total of 189 consultations for clinically suspected malaria occurred during the study period. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were respectively 100%, 98.3%, 80.0% and 100%. The estimated cost of the reference scenario was close to 700(sic) per 1000 episodes of illness, approximately twice as expensive as most of the other scenarios. Nevertheless, it appeared to us cost-effective while ensuring the diagnosis and the treatment of 100% of malaria attacks and an adequate management of 98.4% of episodes of illness. The present study also demonstrated that full compliance of health care providers with RDT results was required in order to avoid severe incremental costs. Conclusions: A rational use of ACT requires laboratory testing of all patients presenting with presumed malaria. Use of RDTs inevitably has incremental costs, but the strategy associating RDT use for all clinically suspected malaria and prescribing ACT only to patients tested positive is cost-effective in areas where microscopy is unavailable

Tetraethylammonium tribromo(triphenylphosphine)nickelate(II)

The crystal structure and vibrational spectra of the tetraethylammonium salt of tribromotriphylphosphinonickel(II) is reported. Br-Ni-Br angles vary between 108° and 121°, deviating from perfect tetrahedral angles

Luminescence spectroscopy of europium(III) and terbium(III) penta-, octa- and nonanuclear clusters with β-diketonate ligands

International audienceA series of Eu(III) and Tb(III) clusters as well as their Y(III) analogues with increasing nuclearities of 5, 8 and 9 have been synthesised using β-diketonate ligands with decreasing steric hindrance. Their molecular structures have been established from X-ray diffraction on single crystals for most clusters and studied by luminescence and Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectra have distinctive patterns for each nuclearity in accordance with their crystal structure. The luminescence spectra of the Eu(III) and Tb(III) clusters also show distinctive features

Site-selective lanthanide doping in a nonanuclear yttrium(III) cluster revealed by crystal structures and luminescence spectra.

A series of lanthanide-doped nonanuclear yttrium(III) clusters with general formulas (Y(9-x)Ln(x))(acac)(16)(μ(3)-OH)(8)(μ(4)-O)(μ(4)-OH) (Ln = Pr, Eu, Tb, Dy, and Yb) were synthesized. Characterization by single-crystal X-ray diffraction allowed for analysis of relative populations of yttrium (Z = 39) and dopant trivalent lanthanide (Z = 59-70) at every crystallographic metal position. Nonuniform distribution of ions along the three different sites seems to be correlated to the site volume and the ratio of ionic radii. In support, luminescence spectra of europium(III)-doped nonanuclear clusters were measured over a wide range of dopant concentrations. Emission intensities of peaks characteristic of specific sites correlate well with the site population determined through X-ray diffraction

Photophysical Properties of {[Au(CN) 2 ] − } 2 Dimers Trapped in a Supramolecular Electron-Acceptor Organic Framework

Dicyanoaurate reacts with the organic acceptor molecule, 1,1′-bis-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium, DNP, to form a supramolecular complex with the general formula {[Au(CN)2]2DNP}·4H2O. The complex was characterized by X-ray crystallography, and its photophysical properties were investigated in the solid-state. Although the initial (DNP)Cl2 compound does not show photoluminescence behavior and the dicyanoaurate shows photoluminescence only in the UV range, the resulting supramolecular complex displays two simultaneous, essentially independent, photoluminescence bands in the visible range originating from individual contributions of the DNP unit and the dicyanoaurate dimers. This unusual simultaneous photoluminescence behavior displayed by both the dicyanoaurate donor units and the redox-active 4,4′-bipyridinium acceptor have lifetimes of 0.5 μs and several hundred μs, respectively

Use of HRP-2-based rapid diagnostic test for <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>malaria: assessing accuracy and cost-effectiveness in the villages of Dielmo and Ndiop, Senegal

Abstract Background In 2006, the Senegalese National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) has recommended artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria and, in 2007, mandated testing for all suspected cases of malaria with a Plasmodium falciparum HRP-2-based rapid diagnostic test for malaria (RDT(Paracheck®). Given the higher cost of ACT compared to earlier anti-malarials, the objectives of the present study were i) to study the accuracy of Paracheck® compared to the thick blood smear (TBS) in two areas with different levels of malaria endemicity and ii) analyse the cost-effectiveness of the strategy of the parasitological confirmation of clinically suspected malaria cases management recommended by the NMCP. Methods A cross-sectional study was undertaken in the villages of Dielmo and Ndiop (Senegal) nested in a cohort study of about 800 inhabitants. For all the individuals consulting between October 2008 and January 2009 with a clinical diagnosis of malaria, a questionnaire was filled and finger-prick blood samples were taken both for microscopic examination and RDT. The estimated costs and cost-effectiveness analysis were made considering five scenarios, the recommendations of the NMCP being the reference scenario. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was performed assuming that all the RDT-positive patients and 50% of RDT-negative patients were treated with ACT. Results A total of 189 consultations for clinically suspected malaria occurred during the study period. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were respectively 100%, 98.3%, 80.0% and 100%. The estimated cost of the reference scenario was close to 700€ per 1000 episodes of illness, approximately twice as expensive as most of the other scenarios. Nevertheless, it appeared to us cost-effective while ensuring the diagnosis and the treatment of 100% of malaria attacks and an adequate management of 98.4% of episodes of illness. The present study also demonstrated that full compliance of health care providers with RDT results was required in order to avoid severe incremental costs. Conclusions A rational use of ACT requires laboratory testing of all patients presenting with presumed malaria. Use of RDTs inevitably has incremental costs, but the strategy associating RDT use for all clinically suspected malaria and prescribing ACT only to patients tested positive is cost-effective in areas where microscopy is unavailable.</p

Identification de travaux ou de procédés à inscrire à l’arrêté fixant la liste des substances, mélanges et procédés cancérogènes - Etablissement d’une liste hiérarchisée de procédés à expertiser pour une éventuelle inclusion dans l’arrêté français fixant la liste des substances, mélanges et procédés cancérogènes

Citation suggérée : Anses. (2023). Etablissement d’une liste hiérarchisée de procédés à expertiser pour une éventuelle inclusion dans l’arrêté français fixant la liste des substances, mélanges et procédés cancérogènes (saisine n°2017-SA-0237). Maisons-Alfort : Anses, 53 p.Le Code du travail définit, dans son article R.4412-60, les agents chimiques cancérogènes, mutagènes ou toxiques pour la reproduction (CMR) comme étant :- toute substance ou mélange répondant aux critères de classification dans la catégorie 1A ou 1B des substances ou mélanges CMR définis à l'annexe I du règlement (CE) n°1272/2008 relatif à la classification, l’étiquetage et l’emballage des substances et des mélanges (CLP) ;- toute substance, tout mélange ou tout procédé inscrit dans un arrêté conjoint des ministres chargés du travail et de l’agriculture fixant la liste des substances, mélanges et procédés cancérogènes.Actuellement, la liste figurant dans cet arrêté1 est essentiellement issue de la transposition de directives européennes (à l’exception du formaldéhyde pour lequel la décision a été prise au niveau national) et comporte les procédés suivants :- fabrication d’auramine ;- travaux exposant aux hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) présents dans la suie, le goudron, la poix, la fumée ou les poussières de la houille ;- travaux exposant aux poussières, fumées ou brouillards produits lors du grillage et de l’électroraffinage des mattes de nickel ;- procédé à l’acide fort dans la fabrication d’alcool isopropylique ;- travaux exposant aux poussières de bois inhalables ;- travaux exposant au formaldéhyde ;- travaux exposant à la poussière de silice cristalline alvéolaire issue de procédés de travail ;- travaux entraînant une exposition cutanée à des huiles minérales qui ont été auparavant utilisées dans des moteurs à combustion interne pour lubrifier et refroidir les pièces mobiles du moteur ;- travaux exposant aux émissions d’échappement de moteurs Diesel.De ce classement découle l’application par les employeurs des dispositions réglementaires particulières applicables aux agents chimiques CMR, impliquant notamment une obligation de substitution dès que cela est techniquement possible

Travaux exposant aux cytostatiques: Avis de l’AnsesRapport d’expertise collective

Le code du travail définit, dans son article R4412-60, les agents chimiques cancérogènes, mutagènes ou toxiques pour la reproduction (CMR) comme étant : - toute substance ou mélange répondant aux critères de classification dans la catégorie 1A ou 1B des substances ou mélanges CMR définis à l'annexe I du règlement (CE) n°1272/2008 relatif à la classification, l’étiquetage et l’emballage des substances et des mélanges (CLP) ; - toute substance, tout mélange ou tout procédé inscrit dans un arrêté conjoint des ministres chargés du travail et de l’agriculture fixant la liste des substances, mélanges et procédés cancérogènes. Actuellement, la liste figurant dans cet arrêté1 est essentiellement issue de la transposition de directives européennes (à l’exception du formaldéhyde pour lequel la décision a été prise au niveau national) et comporte les procédés suivants : - fabrication d’auramine ; - travaux exposant aux hydrocarbures aromatiques polycyliques (HAP) présents dans la suie, le goudron, la poix, la fumée ou les poussières de la houille ; - travaux exposant aux poussières, fumées ou brouillards produits lors du grillage et de l’électroraffinage des mattes de nickel ; - procédé à l’acide fort dans la fabrication d’alcool isopropylique ; - travaux exposant aux poussières de bois inhalables ; - travaux exposant au formaldéhyde ; - travaux exposant à la poussière de silice cristalline alvéolaire issue de procédés de travail. De ce classement découle l’application par les employeurs des dispositions réglementaires particulières applicables aux agents chimiques CMR, impliquant notamment une obligation de substitution dès que cela est techniquement possible