246 research outputs found

    Protease mediated tubular injury: A new direction in acute renal failure?

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    NADPH-induced chemiluminescence and lipid peroxidation in kidney microsomes

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    NADPH-induced chemiluminescence and lipid peroxidation in kidney microsomes. Lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species have been shown to affect diverse biological processes potentially important in renal disease. We therefore examined NADPH-induced chemiluminescence (CL) and lipid peroxidation (LP) by renal cortical and, in some experiments, medullary microsomes. We further examined the role of reactive oxygen species in these processes by the use of enzymatic and chemical scavengers. Cortical microsomes gave a marked NADPH-induced CL accompanied by LP. The time course of LP closely paralleled the CL response. Cortical microsomal CL and LP increased with increasing concentrations of protein (0.3 to 1.8 mg) and NADPH (0.1 to 3.0mM); NADH could not substitute for NADPH. Using similar amounts of protein and NADPH concentrations, cortical CL was significantly higher than medullary CL at all time points examined (peak cortical CL: 490 ± 25 × 103 cpm/mg protein, N = 4; peak medullary CL: 226 ± 61 × 103 cpm/mg protein, N = 4). Cortical LP was similarly higher at all time points, values corresponding to peak CL being 44.7 ± 3 nmoles/mg protein for cortex and 29.9 ± 0.8 nmoles/mg protein for medulla. Para-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB), an inhibitor of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, caused a marked inhibition of the microsomal CL and LP whereas SKF 525A, an inhibitor of cytochrome P450, had a relatively minor effect. Marked inhibition of NADPH induced CL and LP was observed with chelators EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline. The addition of NADPH to microsomes prepared with sucrose-EDTA and washed in a Chelex-treated buffer gave a negligible CL and LP response; the responses were restored by the addition of iron. Scavengers of superoxide anion (superoxide dismutase), hydrogen peroxide (catalase), and the hydroxyl radical (sodium benzoate, tryptophan) had a relatively minor effect on CL and LP. Singlet oxygen quenchers sodium azide and 1,4-diazabicyclo (2.2.2) octane (DABCO) caused an incomplete inhibition of CL and LP responses and then only after the first 30min. Taken together, these data suggest that other free radical mechanisms are likely to be important in the CL and LP responses. These results which demonstrate the production of excited states and LP by renal microsomes suggest that their role in renal disease deserves further study.Chemiluminescence induite par le NADPH et peroxydation des lipides dans les microsomes de rein. Il a Ă©tĂ© montrĂ© que la peroxydation des lipides et le type d'oxygĂšne rĂ©actif modifient diversement les processus biologiques potentiellement importants dans les maladies rĂ©nales. C'est pourquoi nous avons examinĂ© la chemiluminescence (CL) induite par le NADPH, et la peroxydation (LP) des lipides par des microsomes corticaux et dans quelques expĂ©riences, mĂ©dullaires rĂ©naux. Nous avons ensuite examinĂ© le rĂŽle du type d'oxygĂšne rĂ©actif dans ces processus en utilisant des agents mĂ©tabolisants enzymatiques et chimiques. Les microsomes corticaux donnaient une CL marquĂ©e induite par le NADPH accompagnĂ©e par une LP. Dans le temps, la LP Ă©tait Ă©troitement parallĂšle Ă  la rĂ©ponse CL. La CL et la LP microsomiales corticales s'Ă©levaient avec l'accroissement des concentrations de protĂ©ines (0, 1 Ă  1,8 mg) et de NADPH (0,1 Ă  3,0mM); le NADH ne pouvait so substituer au NADPH. En utilisant des quantitĂ©s identiques de protĂ©ines et de NADPH, la CL corticale Ă©tait significativement plus Ă©levĂ©e que la CL mĂ©dullaire Ă  tous les temps examinĂ©s (pic de CL corticale: 490 ± 25 × 103 cpm/mg protĂ©ine, N = 4, pic de CL mĂ©dullaire: 226 ± 61 × 103 cpm/mg protĂ©ine, N = 4). De mĂȘme la LP corticale Ă©tait plus Ă©levĂ©e Ă  tous les temps, les valeurs correspondant au pic de CL Ă©tant de 44,7 ± 3 nmoles/mg protĂ©ine pour le cortex et de 29,9 ± 0,8 nmoles/mg protĂ©ine pour la mĂ©dullaire. Le parachloromercuribenzoate (PCMB), un inhibiteur de la rĂ©ductase NADPH-cytochrome P450a entraĂźnĂ© une inhibition marquĂ©e de la CL et de la LP microsomiales tandis que le SKF 525 A, un inhibiteur du cytochrome P450, avait un effet relativement minime. Une inhibition marquĂ©e de la CL induite par le NADPH et de la LP a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e avec des chĂ©lateurs tels l'EDTA et le 1,10-phĂ©nanthroline. L'addition de NADPH Ă  des microsomes prĂ©parĂ©s dans du sucrose-EDTA et lavĂ©s dans un tampon traitĂ© au Chelex entraĂźnait une rĂ©ponse CL et LP nĂ©gligeable; les rĂ©ponses Ă©taient restaurĂ©es par l'addition de fer. Les agents mĂ©tabolisants l'anion superoxide (dismutase superoxide), le peroxide d'hydrogĂšne (catalase), et le radical hydroxylĂ© (benzoate de sodium, tryptophane) avaient un effet relativement minime sur CL et LP. Les capteurs d'oxygĂšne singulet comme l'azide de sodium et le 1,4-diazabicyclo (2.2.2) octane (DABCO) entraĂźnaient une inhibition incomplĂšte des rĂ©ponses CL et LP et cela seulement aprĂšs les 30 premiĂšres min. Prises dans leur ensemble, ces donnĂ©es suggĂšrent que d'autres mĂ©canismes par radicaux libres sont probablement importants dans les rĂ©ponses CL et LP. Ces rĂ©sultats, qui dĂ©montrent la production d'Ă©tats excitĂ©s et de LP par des microsomes rĂ©naux, suggĂšrent que leur rĂŽle dans les maladies rĂ©nales nĂ©cessite d'autres Ă©tudes

    The Inhibitory Effect of siRNAs on The High Glucose-Induced Overexpression of TGF-ÎČ1 in Mesangial Cells

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    Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by an expansion of the glomerular mesangium, caused by mesangial cell proliferation and an excessive accumulation of extracellar matrix (ECM) proteins, which eventually leading to glomerulosclerosis. TGF-ÎČ1 was found to play an important role in the accumulation of ECM in the kidney. In this study, TGF-ÎČ1 RNA interference was used as an effective therapeutic strategy. The inhibitory effect of TGF-ÎČ1 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) on the high glucose-induced overexpression of TGF-ÎČ1 in rat mesangial ceys (RMCs). A high levels of glucose induces TGF-ÎČ1 mRNA and protein, and TGF-ÎČ1 siRNAs reduce the ability of high glucose to stimulate their expression. We also examined the inhibitory effect of TGF-ÎČ1 siRNAs on the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 and Collagen Type I which are down-regulators of TGF-ÎČ1. The expression of TGF-ÎČ1, PAI-1 and Collagen Type I was increased in RMCs that were stimulated by 30 mM glucose. TGF-ÎČ1 siRNAs reduces high glucose-induced TGF-ÎČ1, PAI-1, and Collagen Type I mRNA and protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that TGF-ÎČ1 siRNAs effectively inhibits TGF-ÎČ1 mRNA and protein expression in RMCs. These suggest that TGF-ÎČ1 siRNAs through RNAi may be a useful tool for developing new therapeutic applications for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy

    Molecular analysis of metastasis in a polyomavirus middle T mouse model: the role of osteopontin

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    INTRODUCTION: In order to study metastatic disease, we employed the use of two related polyomavirus middle T transgenic mouse tumor transplant models of mammary carcinoma (termed Met and Db) that display significant differences in metastatic potential. METHODS: Through suppression subtractive hybridization coupled to the microarray, we found osteopontin (OPN) to be a highly expressed gene in the tumors of the metastatic mouse model, and a lowly expressed gene in the tumors of the lowly metastatic mouse model. We further analyzed the role of OPN in this model by examining sense and antisense constructs using in vitro and in vivo methods. RESULTS: With in vivo metastasis assays, the antisense Met cells showed no metastatic tumor formation to the lungs of recipient mice, while wild-type Met cells, with higher levels of OPN, showed significant amounts of metastasis. The Db cells showed a significantly reduced metastasis rate in the in vivo metastasis assay as compared with the Met cells. Db cells with enforced overexpression of OPN showed elevated levels of OPN but did not demonstrate an increase in the rate of metastasis compared with the wild-type Db cells. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that OPN is an essential regulator of the metastatic phenotype seen in polyomavirus middle T-induced mammary tumors. Yet OPN expression alone is not sufficient to cause metastasis. These data suggest a link between metastasis and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-mediated transcriptional upregulation of OPN, but additional phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-regulated genes may be essential in precipitating the metastasis phenotype in the polyomavirus middle T model

    Place du RaloxifÚne dans le traitement de l'ostéoporose

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    L'ostĂ©oporose est dĂ©finie comme une affection diffuse du squelette, caractĂ©risĂ©e par une masse osseuse basse et des altĂ©rations micro architecturales du tissu osseux, conduisant Ă  une augmentation de la fragilitĂ© osseuse et Ă  un risque accru de fractures. Les traitements sont les THS, les biphosphonates, les SERM (dont le raloxifĂšne) et le Calcium + Vitamine D. L'interĂȘt du raloxifĂšne est Ă©vident en relais des THS dans la prĂ©vention de l'ostĂ©oporose ou en alternative aux biphosphonates lors d'un traitement curatif. Une rĂ©duction significative de l'incidence des fractures vertĂ©brales mais non des fractures de l'extrĂ©mitĂ© du fĂ©mur a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©montrĂ©e. Il a par ailleurs un effet bĂ©nĂ©fique sur le cancer du sein, aucun effet nĂ©faste sur l'utĂ©rus et des effets cardiovasculaires. De plus le raloxifĂšne possĂšde les mĂȘme contre-indications par rapport aux accidents thrombo-emboliques. Il n'a ni d'effets sur les manifestations climatĂ©riques ni sur les fractures pĂ©riphĂ©riquesTOULOUSE3-BU SantĂ©-Centrale (315552105) / SudocTOULOUSE3-BU SantĂ©-AllĂ©es (315552109) / SudocSudocFranceF
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