Evaluation of liposomes coated with a pH responsive polymer

Liposomes have been coated with the pH responsive polymer, Eudragit S100, and the formulation's potential for lower gastrointestinal (GI) targeting following oral administration assessed. Cationic liposomes were coated with the anionic polymer through simple mixing. The evolution of a polymer coat was studied using zeta potential measurements and laser diffraction size analysis. Further evidence of an association between polymer and liposome was obtained using light and cryo scanning electron microscopy. Drug release studies were carried out at pH 1.4, pH 6.3 and pH 7.8, representing the pH conditions of the stomach, small intestine and ileocaecal junction, respectively.\ud \ud The polymer significantly reduced liposomal drug release at pH 1.4 and pH 6.3 but drug release was equivalent to the uncoated control at pH 7.8, indicating that the formulation displayed appropriate pH responsive release characteristics. While the coating layer was not able to withstand the additional challenge of bile salts this reinforces the importance of evaluating these types of formulations in more complex media.\ud \u

La familia occidental en el siglo XXI: una perspectiva comparada

El estudio riguroso de la institución familiar constituye una grave omisión epistemológica de la disciplina de la Educación Comparada. Los fenómenos de la globalización y el postmodernismo están impactando de lleno en la naturaleza y los rasgos de la familia, impregnándola de valores economicistas y laicistas, y promoviendo la aceptación de una miríada de modelos familiares de nuevo cuño. Pese a la atomización de la unidad familiar tradicional, esta institución sigue desempeñando variadas y relevantes funciones sociales en el siglo XXI. La embestida uniformizadora de la globalización no ha impedido el desarrollo de políticas familiares mundiales notablemente diversas y heterogéneas

Chitosanase and chitinase activities in tomato roots during interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi or Phytophthora parasitica

International audienc

Cell defense responses associated with localized and systemic resistance to Phytophthora parasitica induced in tomato by an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus

International audienc

Localized versus systemic effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on defence responses to Phytophthora infection in tomato plants

International audienc