Diseño de materiales virtuales y de blended learning para paliar el efecto de ajuste de presencialidad en los grados de la Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas

Informe del proyecto de innovación docente para el diseño de una metodología b-learning en distintos grupos de las asignaturas de segundo curso del programa de grados de la Facultad de Matemáticas y desarrollo de materiales de autoaprendizaje y prácticas virtuales

Determinación de las coordenadas de amartizaje de las sondas MetNet

MetNet es una misión científica a Marte cuyo objetivo es desplegar una red de sondas meteorológicas sobre su superficie. En este trabajo se presenta un método para la determinación de sus coordenadas de amartizaje basado en la detección de los eclipses solares de Fobos sobre Marte. Para ello se ha resuelto la inversión de la función no lineal, no continua y multivaluada, desarrollada para predecir estos eventos suponiendo un observador de posición conocida. Para contrastar este modelo, se han utilizado las observaciones de eclipses realizadas por las misiones MER y MOLA. Esto ha permitido seleccionar los valores de los parámetros que relacionan los sistemas de referencia Tierra–Marte involucrados que mejor se ajustan a las observaciones, obteniéndose una diferencia prácticamente nula entre predicciones y observaciones. Para la planificación de la futura observación de estos eclipses se precisa, además, de un modelo espacio-temporal del movimiento, forma y tamaño de la sombra de Fobos sobre Marte. Contrastado con las observaciones de los MERs, se garantizan unas diferencias inferiores a 0,1s. entre predicciones y observaciones. Con este modelo se han obtenido cronogramas observacionales para las misiones MetNet y MSL. Las observaciones de los eclipses predichos el 13 y 17 de septiembre de 2012 por la MSL han permitido validar exitosamente el modelo. Finalmente, la resolución del problema de determinación de coordenadas se ha planteado como un problema de optimización no lineal resuelto mediante los métodos de Levenberg–Marquardt y de relajación por bloques, analizándose su viabilidad y eficiencia mediante diferentes simulaciones bajo diferentes condiciones experimentales. Los resultados numéricos muestran como, para la banda de latitudinal de δ=±5º en que está previsto amartice la primera sonda MetNet, la diferencia entre las posiciones verdadera y calculada puede estimarse dentro de una elipse 40x60m. para una precisión de 1s. en la medida de los tiempos. [ABSTRACT]MetNet is an atmospheric science mission to Mars which aims to deploy a network of meteorological probes on the Martian surface. In this work, the problem of determining the MetNet probes landing site coordinates based on the detection of Phobos solar eclipses on Mars is presented. To this end, it has been addressed the inversion of the nonlinear, non continuous and multivaluated function that have been modelled to predict these events assuming an observer with a known position. This prediction model has been checked using the eclipse observations already made by the NASA missions MER and MOLA. This has allowed to choose the values of the parameters relating the involved Earth-Mars reference systems which best fit the observations, that yielded nearly null mean differences between predictions and observations. Planning the observations of these eclipses requires an additional spatial-temporal model of the Phobos shadow motion on Mars, its size and shape. The developed model has been checked comparing the predictions for the MERs observed eclipses. Overall differences are less than 0.1s. This shadow model has been applied to derive the eclipse observational chronograms for the MetNet and MSL missions. The observation of the characterised events on 13 and 17 September 2012 by the MastCam onboard the MSL has successfully validated the prediction model. Finally, the proposed nonlinear optimization problem of determining Mars lander coordinates using Phobos eclipses has been undertaken considering two different algorithms: the Levenberg-Marquardt method and the block relaxation method. Their feasibility and efficiency have been analysed using different simulations under different experimental constraints. As a main conclusion, the numerical results show how, for the latitudinal band of δ=±5º in which the first MetNEt probe is forecasted to land, the lander position could be estimated within a 40x60m. ellipse for 1s. uncertainty in time observations

Modelization of low-cost maneuvers for an areostationary preliminary mission design

The aim of this paper is to analyze the determination of interplanetary trajectories from Earth to Mars to evaluate the cost of the required impulse magnitudes for an areostationary orbiter mission design. Such analysis is first conducted by solving the Lambert orbital boundary value problem and studying the launch and arrival conditions for various date combinations. Then, genetic algorithms are applied to investigate the minimum-energy transfer orbit. Afterwards, an iterative procedure is used to determine the heliocentric elliptic transfer orbit that matches at the entry point of Mars’s sphere of influence with an areocentric hyperbolic orbit imposing specific conditions on inclination and periapsis radius. Finally, the maneuvers needed to obtain an areostationary orbit are numerically computed for different objective condition values at the Mars entry point to evaluate an areostationary preliminary mission cost for further study and characterization. Results show that, for the dates of the minimum-energy Earth–Mars transfer trajectory, a low value for the maneuvers to achieve an areostationary orbit is obtained for an arrival hyperbola with the minimum possible inclination and a capture into an elliptical trajectory with a low periapsis radius and an apoapsis at the stationary orbit. For a 2026 mission with a TOF of 304 for the minimum-energy Earth–Mars transfer trajectory, for a capture with a periapsis of 300 km above the Mars surface the value achieved will be 2.083 km/s.Unidad Deptal. de Astronomía y GeodesiaFac. de Ciencias MatemáticasInstituto de Matemática Interdisciplinar (IMI)TRUEpu

Research protocol: a synthesis of qualitative studies on the process of adaptation to dependency in elderly persons and their families

Background: Dealing with dependency in the elderly and their families leads us to explore the life experience of those involved together with the processes of adaptation to this condition. A number of original studies have been published which, following a qualitative methodology, have dealt with both dimensions. Methods/Design: Objectives: 1) To present a synthesis of the qualitative evidence available on the process of adaptation to dependency in elderly persons and their families; 2) to conduct an in-depth study into the experiences and strategies developed by both to optimise their living conditions; 3) to enable standards of action/ intervention to be developed in the caregiving environment. A synthesis of qualitative studies is projected with an extensive and inclusive bibliography search strategy. The primary search will focus on the major databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, PSICODOC, Cochrane Library, JBI, EMBASE, LILACS, CUIDEN, CUIDEN qualitative, CUIDATGE, British Nursing Index, SSCI). The secondary search will be conducted in articles taken from the references to studies identified in the articles and reports and the manual search in congresses and foundation papers. Article quality will be assessed by the guide proposed by Sandelowski & Barroso and data extraction done using the QARI data extraction form proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute for Evidence-Based Practice. The synthesis of the findings will be based on the principles and procedures of grounded theory: coding, identification and relationship between categories, and synthesis using constant comparison as a strategy. Discussion: This synthesis of qualitative evidence will enable us to detect health needs as perceived by the receivers in their own interaction contexts.Health Research Spain Fund for financing this Project entitled "A synthesis of qualitative studies on the process of adaptation to dependency in elderly persons and their families", (PI07/90871 Health Ministry) after a peer-reviewed funding process

Mitochondrial RNA methyltransferase TRMT61B is a new, potential biomarker and therapeutic target for highly aneuploid cancers

La versión final de este artículo está disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41418-022-01044-6 (Martín, A., Epifano, C., Vilaplana-Marti, B. et al. Mitochondrial RNA methyltransferase TRMT61B is a new, potential biomarker and therapeutic target for highly aneuploid cancers. Cell Death Differ 30, 37–53 (2023))Chromosomal instability (CIN) is an important source of genetic and phenotypic variation that has been extensively reported as a critical cancer related property that improves tumor cell adaptation and survival. CIN and its immediate consequence, aneuploidy, provoke adverse effects on cellular homeostasis that need to be overcome by developing efficient anti-stress mechanisms. Perturbations in these safeguard responses might be detrimental for cancer cells and represent an important tumor specific Achilles heel since CIN and aneuploidy are very rare events in normal cells. On the other hand, epitranscriptomic marks catalyzed by different RNA modifying enzymes have been found to change under several stress insults. Although CIN and aneuploidy are important intracellular stressors, their biological connection with RNA modifications is pending to be determined. In an in silico search for new cancer biomarkers, we have identified TRMT61B, a mitochondrial RNA methyltransferase enzyme, to be associated with high levels of aneuploidy. In the present work, we study the connection of this molecule with cancer and aneuploidy. First, we show increased protein amounts of TRMT61B in tumor cell lines with imbalanced karyotype as well as in different tumor types compared to unaffected control tissues. In addition, we demonstrate that depletion of TRMT61B in melanoma cells reduces cell proliferation either by fostering apoptosis and inhibiting autophagy in high-aneuploid (ANEhigh) cells or by inducing senescence in the case of low-aneuploid (ANElow) cell lines. Further, TRMT61B elimination compromises mitochondrial function and reduces the expression of several mitochondrial encoded proteins that are part of the electron transport chain. Finally, transwell and xenograft experiments revealed a reduced invasive and tumorigenic capacity upon TRMT61B depletion that strengthen the therapeutic value of this aneuploidy-associated biomarker. These results, which connect tumorigenesis, aneuploidy and mitochondrial RNA methylation, bring to the cancer field a new putative strategy to specifically target high aneuploid tumors.AM was a recipient of a postdoctoral fellowship from the Fundación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC). This study was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (to IPC, SAF2016-76929-R) and from the Acción Estratégica de Salud Intramural (to A.M., PI17CIII/00010)N