Devenir paysan-boulanger

Emblématique d’une reconnexion logique et nécessaire entre agriculture et alimentation, l’émergence du métier de « Paysan-Boulanger » questionne la recomposition des identités de métiers au sein des mondes agricoles en mutation. L’exploration des significations données à ce concept par ceux qui le revendiquent, ainsi que des activités qui rythment et organisent leur travail quotidien permet de mettre à jour des rapports et liens renouvelés aux matières, entités vivantes et techniques. À partir d’un travail socio‐anthropologique qui combine recueil de récits de vie et observation participante en situation de wwoofing, cet article propose une première description de cette catégorie sociale et professionnelle aux contours encore flous, en croisant analyses des trajectoires de vie et des motivations, des­criptions d’objets et d’entités emblématiques pour les Paysans‐Boulangers rencontrés et enfin caractérisation des formes d’organisation du travail, des temporalités et des valeurs qui lui sont associées.Emblematic of a logical and necessary reconnection between agriculture and food, the emergence of the peasant-baker profession raises questions about the reconfiguration of professional identities within changing agricultural worlds. The exploration of the meanings given to this concept by those who claim it, as well as the activities that give rhythm and organization to their daily work, make it possible to bring up to date the renewed relationships and connections to materials, living and technical entities. This socio-anthropological work combines a collection of life stories and participant observations in a wwoofing situation. It offers an initial description of this social and professional category, whose borders are still unclear, by joining analyses of life trajectories and motivations, descriptions of objects and entities emblematic to the “Paysans‐Boulangers”, and finally the characterization of forms of work organisation, and the temporalities and values associated with it

Intégration des concentrations métalliques dissoutes lors d'un évènement hydrologique transitoire sur le Rhône : cas des opérations de gestion sédimentaires.

National audienc

Politiques de gentrification

Quelles relations existe-t-il entre politiques publiques et processus de gentrification dans les villes contemporaines ? Plutôt qu’à l’analyse des effets de politiques ou de projets urbains sur le peuplement d’espaces populaires, ce dossier thématique s’attache à une analyse de la gentrification (qu’elle soit résidentielle, commerciale, touristique, productive…) comme stratégie de politique urbaine. Les six textes qui le composent analysent plusieurs projets de reconversion d’anciens espaces industriels et ouvriers, des politiques de régulation d’un marché populaire, des projets de street art ou encore un projet d’équipement conjuguant pratique du culte et activités culturelles. Ces dispositifs d’action publique apparaissent comme autant de constructions sociales situées, singulières à plusieurs titres et non dénuées d’ambiguïtés, mais qui gagnent néanmoins à être pensées ensemble, dès lors que chacun participe à des stratégies locales de gentrification. En ce sens, ces textes confortent à nos yeux la pertinence analytique de la catégorie de « politique de gentrification », définie comme une configuration d’action publique qui entend répondre à des problèmes politiques associés à des espaces populaires par un répertoire de projets y créant de facto des conditions favorables au déploiement de processus de gentrification. What is the relationship between public policy and gentrification in contemporary cities? Rather than analysing the effects of diverse urban policies or projects on the profiles of working-class areas, this special issue approaches gentrification (whether residential, commercial, tourism, productive, etc.) as an urban policy strategy. The six texts that make up the special issue analyse reconversion projects of former industrial and working-class areas, policies for regulating a popular market, street art projects or a purpose-built facility combining cultural and worship activities developed in working-class neighbourhoods. While each of these policies appears to be situated social construction, singular in many respects and not devoid of ambiguities, they nevertheless ought to be thought of together, for each one participates in local gentrification strategies. In this sense, we argue that these texts reinforce the analytical relevance of the 'gentrification policy' category, defined as a policy that intends to respond to selected political problems associated with popular spaces by a repertoire of projects de facto creating conditions favourable to gentrification processes

A novel injectable radiopaque hydrogel with potent properties for multicolor CT imaging in the context of brain and cartilage regenerative therapy

Cell therapy is promising to treat many conditions, including neurological and osteoarticular diseases. Encapsulation of cells within hydrogels facilitates cell delivery and can improve therapeutic effects. However, much work remains to be done to align treatment strategies with specific diseases. The development of imaging tools that enable monitoring cells and hydrogel independently is key to achieving this goal. Our objective herein is to longitudinally study an iodine-labeled hydrogel, incorporating gold-labeled stem cells, by bicolor CT imaging after in vivo injection in rodent brains or knees. To this aim, an injectable self-healing hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with long-persistent radiopacity was formed by the covalent grafting of a clinical contrast agent on HA. The labeling conditions were tuned to achieve sufficient X-ray signal and to maintain the mechanical and self-healing properties as well as injectability of the original HA scaffold. The efficient delivery of both cells and hydrogel at the targeted sites was demonstrated by synchrotron K-edge subtraction-CT. The iodine labeling enabled to monitor the hydrogel biodistribution in vivo up to 3 days post-administration, which represents a technological first in the field of molecular CT imaging agents. This tool may foster the translation of combined cell-hydrogel therapies into the clinics

Subjectivations du(es) / au travail

Des téléologies globalisantes et de nombreux discours et analyses ont largement insisté sur les potentiels renouvellements des mondes du travail. Comment celles et ceux qui y sont directement impliqués pensent-ils et vivent-ils le travail ? Quelles sont les modalités de subjectivation dues au travail ou produites à son propos ? Traduisent-elles une intériorisation des conditions, normes et places imposées ? Ou alternativement manifestent-elles des tentatives d’aborder le travail en inventant de nouvelles formes ? Tels sont les questionnements au centre de ce dossier qui regroupe dix contributions issues de recherches de terrain portant sur des métiers et des configurations de travail très divers. Leur rapprochement dessine un tableau contrasté de subjectivations en travail, tendues vers des horizons d’attente multiples : de la mise aux normes des corps au travail à la quête de reconnaissance, en passant par la tentative de s’émanciper des cadres organisationnels classiques pour inventer, parfois, des horizons politiques alternatifs. Globalizing teleologies and numerous discourses and analyses have insisted widely on potential renewals in the worlds of work. How do those directly involved consider and experience work? What are the modes of subjectivation due to work or produced about it? Do they reflect an internalization of imposed conditions, standards, and places? Or alternatively, do they demonstrate attempts to approach work by inventing new forms? These are the central questions of this issue, which includes ten ethnographic contributions on a diverse range of professions and work configurations. Bringing them together draws a contrasting picture of subjectivations in labor, pointing towards multiple horizons of expectations: from the physical standardization of bodies to the quest for recognition, through attempts to free oneself from traditional organizational frameworks to invent, at times, alternative political horizons

La transition vers la réduction de l’usage des pesticides au prisme de l’intermédiation

Ce numéro comprend les articles issus du colloque de restitution Ecophyto Recherche « Des outils et des dispositifs pour éclairer les décisions, explorer les possibles et accompagner la transition vers des systèmes économes et multi-performants », qui s’est tenu à Saint-Malo, du 22 au 24 mars 2017National audienceGlobal assessment indicators used to measure the efficiency of the national action plan Ecophyto might hide processes which occur at intermediary level (supply chains, locality, farm). To highlight such processes, we analyse how public policy instruments are used by various AKIS players in relation to the logic supporting their respective collective action. Our results described: (i) the diversity of existing frames related to such logics and their prescriptive dimension regarding intermediary activities; (ii) the way various intermediary players built their relation to technical knowledge and act to legitimise their position and their technical discourse in order to initiate, support and develop the negotiated changes related to less pesticide use; (iii) the objects which are produced and mobilised to support intermediation, their structuring role, and the need to pay attention to the knowledge embedded in these objects as well as to their transformation during the collective action processLes indicateurs globaux d’évaluation pour mesurer l’efficacité du plan Ecophyto peuvent masquer des dynamiques aux niveaux intermédiaires (territoire, filières, exploitation). Pour éclairer celles-ci, nous analysons la façon dont les instruments de politique publique liés au plan sont mobilisés dans des logiques d’action collective portées par divers acteurs au sein du développement agricole. Nos résultats portent sur : (i) la diversité des cadrages liés à ces logiques et la façon dont ils orientent les activités d’intermédiation ; (ii) la façon dont des acteurs intermédiaires construisent un rapport à la technique et une légitimité de leur position et de leur discours sur la technique afin d’initier, accompagner et aider à concrétiser des changements négociés pour réduire l’usage des pesticides ; (iii) les objets produits et mobilisés pour soutenir l’intermédiation, leur rôle structurant, l’attention nécessaire aux connaissances qui les sous-tendent et la façon dont ils se transforment dans l’action collective

Women and health professionals’ perspectives on a conditional cash transfer programme to improve pregnancy follow-up: a qualitative analysis of the NAITRE randomised controlled study

Objectives Women of low socioeconomic status have been described as having suboptimal prenatal care, which in turn has been associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. Many types of conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes have been developed, including programmes to improve prenatal care or smoking cessation during pregnancy, and their effects demonstrated. However, ethical critiques have included paternalism and lack of informed choice. Our objective was to determine if women and healthcare professionals (HPs) shared these concerns.Design Prospective qualitative research.Setting We included economically disadvantaged women, as defined by health insurance data, who participated in the French NAITRE randomised trial assessing a CCT programme during prenatal follow-up to improve pregnancy outcomes. The HP worked in some maternities participating in this trial.Participants 26 women, 14 who received CCT and 12 who did not, mostly unemployed (20/26), and - 7 HPs.Interventions We conducted a multicentre cross-sectional qualitative study among women and HPs who participated in the NAITRE Study to assess their views on CCT. The women were interviewed after childbirth.Results Women did not perceive CCT negatively. They did not mention feeling stigmatised. They described CCT as a significant source of aid for women with limited financial resources. HP described the CCT in less positive terms, for example, expressing concern about discussing cash transfer at their first medical consultation with women. Though they emphasised ethical concerns about the basis of the trial, they recognised the importance of evaluating CCT.Conclusions In France, a high-income country where prenatal follow-up is free, HPs were concerned that the CCT programme would change their relationship with patients and wondered if it was the best use of funding. However, women who received a cash incentive said they did not feel stigmatised and indicated that these payments helped them prepare for their baby’s birth.Trial registration number NCT0240285

Surgical treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations: clinical outcomes of patients included in the registry of a pragmatic randomized trial

International audienceOBJECTIVE The Treatment of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations Study (TOBAS) is a pragmatic study that includes 2 randomized trials and registries of treated or conservatively managed patients. The authors report the results of the surgical registry. METHODS TOBAS patients are managed according to an algorithm that combines clinical judgment and randomized allocation. For patients considered for curative treatment, clinicians selected from surgery, endovascular therapy, or radiation therapy as the primary curative method, and whether observation was a reasonable alternative. When surgery was selected and observation was deemed unreasonable, the patient was not included in the randomized controlled trial but placed in the surgical registry. The primary outcome of the trial was mRS score > 2 at 10 years (at last follow-up for the current report). Secondary outcomes include angiographic results, perioperative serious adverse events, and permanent treatment-related complications leading to mRS score > 2. RESULTS From June 2014 to May 2021, 1010 patients were recruited at 30 TOBAS centers. Surgery was selected for 229/512 patients (44%) considered for curative treatment; 77 (34%) were included in the surgery versus observation randomized trial and 152 (66%) were placed in the surgical registry. Surgical registry patients had 124/152 (82%) ruptured and 28/152 (18%) unruptured arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), with the majority categorized as low-grade Spetzler-Martin grade I–II AVM (118/152 [78%]). Thirteen patients were excluded, leaving 139 patients for analysis. Embolization was performed prior to surgery in 78/139 (56%) patients. Surgical angiographic cure was obtained in 123/139 all-grade (89%, 95% CI 82%–93%) and 105/110 low-grade (95%, 95% CI 90%–98%) AVM patients. At the mean follow-up of 18.1 months, 16 patients (12%, 95% CI 7%–18%) had reached the primary safety outcome of mRS score > 2, including 11/16 who had a baseline mRS score ≥ 3 due to previous AVM rupture. Serious adverse events occurred in 29 patients (21%, 95% CI 15%–28%). Permanent treatment-related complications leading to mRS score > 2 occurred in 6/139 patients (4%, 95% CI 2%–9%), 5 (83%) of whom had complications due to preoperative embolization. CONCLUSIONS The surgical treatment of brain AVMs in the TOBAS registry was curative in 88% of patients. The participation of more patients, surgeons, and centers in randomized trials is needed to definitively establish the role of surgery in the treatment of unruptured brain AVMs. Clinical trial registration no.: NCT02098252 ( ClinicalTrials.gov

Patient Selection in a Pragmatic Study on the Management of Patients with Brain Arteriovenous Malformations

The Treatment of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations Study (TOBAS) is an all-inclusive pragmatic study comprising 2 randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Patients excluded from the RCTs are followed in parallel treatment and observation registries, allowing a comparison between RCT and registry patients