35 research outputs found
Introducing the role of the municipality of residence in studying the secondary migration of international migrants. Evidence from Lombardy (Italy)
Secondary internal and international movements of migrants are receiving increasing attention in Europe while research has so far focused on the characteristics of individuals who remigrate or plan to re-emigrate, the attributes of the place that secondary migrants aim to leave have been less studied compared to other personal characteristics. This knowledge gap is primarily due to the fact that detailed information on the municipality of residence is largely unavailable in nationwide sample surveys. To fill this gap, after considering the time since migrants' arrival in Italy and previous internal mobility, we analyse the relationship between the characteristics of the municipality where migrants live and short-term migration intentions of return, onward and internal migration in a competing risk framework. We focus on ethnic concentration (community hotspots and coldspots) and classification into central and marginal areas as critical characteristics of municipalities. We used a unique pooled data set that includes seven cross-sectional surveys conducted between 2010 and 2016 by the Regional Observatory for Integration and Multiethnicity in the Northern Italian region of Lombardy. Municipal characteristics are strongly related to migrants' intentions: migrants who intend to move internally or to a third country are more likely live in urban, suburban, intermediate and peripheral areas and in the mountains. In contrast, the intention to return is not correlated with the characteristics of the municipality. The concentration of co-nationals is also uncorrelated with short-term migration intentions. We discuss the limitations of using a concentration indicator to study the relationship with secondary mobility
Migrants'Â choices pertaining to informal childcare in Italy and France: A complex relationship between the origin and destination countries
Childcare is a need that inevitably emerges once migrants establish themselves
and their families in their destination country. However, migrants' use of informal
childcare still constitutes an underâresearched phenomenon. Using data from the
âSocial Condition and Integration of Foreign Citizensâ survey (2011â2012) for
Italy and the âTrajectoires et Originesâ survey (2008â2009) for France, this paper
examines differences between migrants living in the two countries in terms of
their use of informal childcare and, more specifically, their informal childcare
arrangements. We employ a comparative analysis because we hypothesised that
parental choices would depend on the migrants' region of origin, the institutional
context of their destination country and the interplay between these two
elements. The results suggest that migrants' choices stem from a complex
relationship between the norms and beliefs of the country of origin and those in
the destination country, which are generally characterised by different family
policies and levels of childcare availability. We show that the use of informal
childcare is higher among migrants in Italy than it is among those in France, even
among migrants from the same region of origin. The results also suggest that the
use of particular informal childcare arrangements varies by region of origin
regardless of destination country, supporting the hypothesis that migrants' cultural
values and beliefs play a critical role in determining childcare arrangements.
Finally, we demonstrate that household composition and parents' occupational
status strongly influence migrants' childcare choices
Informal childcare arrangements: a comparison between Italians and migrants
As migrants settle in their destination country, for those who reunited the family or after childbirth childcare becomes a priority. Most studies on migrantsâ childcare arrangements have focused on parental use of formal childcare rather than on different informal childcare solutions by analysing only families with preschool-age children. Italy poses an interesting case study because its welfare system is characterised by a familistic model of care, based on solidarity between generations. In familistic countries, migrantsâ childcare solutions are more constrained. In this study, we analysed differences in informal childcare needs and arrangements for children younger than 14 between Italians and migrants from different countries of origin. We merged two surveys conducted by the Italian National Statistics Institute in 2011â2012: âSocial Condition and Integration of Foreign Citizensâ, a sample of households with at least one migrant with foreign citizenship, and âMultiscopoâAspects of Daily Lifeâ, a sample of households in Italy. We found that household composition and parentsâ employment status play an important role in shaping informal childcare arrangements. Overall, migrants are less likely to use informal childcare, especially grandparents, than Italians but when they do, they rely more on other relatives and non-relatives than Italians. Moreover, differences emerge across migrant subgroups. This study is the first in Italy to contribute to an understanding of the role of migrant status in determining parentsâ childcare arrangements for children up to 13 years
Renal Disease in Essential Mixed Cryoglobulinaemia: LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP OF 44 PATIENTS
The mode of presentation of renal disease in 44 patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia (EMC) was: acute renal failure (two patients), acute nephritic syndrome (six patients), nephrotic syndrome (eight patients), proteinuria and/or haematuria (28 patients). Renal biopsy, performed in 35 patients, showed proliferative lesions in 33, while only minimal glomerular changes were seen in the remaining two. Immunofluorescence studies showed: IgG (85 per cent), IgA (36 per cent), IgM (90 per cent), C3 (90 per cent), Clq (47 per cent), and C4 (33 per cent) deposits, mainly located in subendothelial position. On electron microscopy, crystalloid structure of deposits and monocyte infiltration of capillary loops were the outstanding feature. The survival rate was 75 per cent at 10 years from the onset of clinical symptoms. Thirty-nine patients were followed for three to 146 months (mean 53·8). Twelve patients died, cardiovascular disease and infection being the commonest cause of death. Thirteen patients showed acute renal failure or acute nephritic syndrome: nine recovered completely, whereas the remaining four died during the acute renal episode. Three patients developed chronic renal failure, but only one required chronic dialysis. The ominous significance of renal impairment in EMC should therefore be revaluated. The high prevalence of hypertension (28/44 patients) which was refractory to treatment in six, may be important to the clinical outcom
Rapporto sulla popolazione. Le molte facce della presenza straniera in Italia
Al di lĂ delle emergenze recenti, lâimmigrazione straniera Ăš un fenomeno le cui origini risalgono a circa quaranta anni fa: proprio i demografi italiani furono tra i primi a segnalarne lâimportanza, analizzandone cause, caratteristiche e conseguenze. Questo Rapporto permette di seguire la pluridecennale evoluzione dellâimmigrazione e della presenza straniera in Italia, con attenzione alle specificitĂ dei diversi contesti territoriali. Una ricca e affidabile documentazione statistica consente di illustrare le origini e le caratteristiche degli stranieri, i loro comportamenti demografici, lâinserimento nel mercato del lavoro e le condizioni di integrazione. Tra le questioni affrontate si segnalano quelle, rilevantissime, dei profughi, della cittadinanza e delle seconde generazioni
Intentions on desired length of stay among immigrants in Italy
Abstract The decision to emigrate from the country of origin may not be a permanent one: migrants can decide to return home or to emigrate to a third country. This phenomenon, established for some time in certain other European countries, has become an important one for Italy only recently. This paper contributes to the knowledge of migrantsâ intentions in two ways: on the one hand, it analyses the factors associated with indecision about future plans; on the other, it focuses on the desired length of stay and its relationship with attachments (family, economic, socio-cultural and psychological) to host and home country. We used two logistic regression models: one for migrantsâ indecision and the other for migrantsâ desired length of stay. The data were collected by survey, coordinated by the ISMU Foundation and conducted in 2008 and 2009 with more than 12,000 migrants living in Italy. According to our results, indecision seems to be associated with an intermediate phase of migration at the early stage of family development in the case of negative balance of the migration experience, while attachment to the host country is associated with longer stay, and no attachments or attachment to the country of origin are associated with shorter stay
Satisfied after all? Working trajectories and job satisfaction of foreign-born female domestic and care workers in Italy
Foreign-born women frequently find their first job in the domestic sector. This is usually considered a stepping-stone, but it is rather a definitive condition. We analyse the working trajectory of foreign-born women with a first job in domestic work using sequence analysis and studying their association with job satisfaction by means of logistic regression models. The data were collected as part of the Foreigners\u2019 Job Trajectories project conducted by the ISMU Foundation in Italy in 2009. We found that, after all, domestic and care workers can be satisfied with their job if basic decent working conditions are guaranteed. Particular attention is paid to the high rate of job satisfaction for women with a trajectory from live-out to live-in jobs. Possible explications for job satisfaction are extensively discussed focusing on economic drivers, the agency of domestic workers, and the emotive dimension of domestic and care works
Moving on? Gender, education, and citizenship as key factors among shortâterm onward migration planners
Onward migration is a rising issue in migration studies as a consequence of the growing complexity
in migration patterns worldwide. This paper analyses historic and economic reasons behind the
recent surge of onward migration from Southern European countries and, more specifically, Italy.
Using 2014 ORIM data about shortâterm onward migration intentions and a logistic regression
model, the paper explores factors that select aspirant onward migrants from Italy. The model tests
the effects of socioâdemographic and economic factors. The results of the study question the idea
of citizenship as the highest level of integration in the host country and suggest that the recent
wave of onward migration from Italy is mainly a reactive phenomenon triggered by the economic
crisis. Most of all, this study explicitly underlines the role of gender in shaping intentions of
shortâterm onward migration in Italy. The genderâsensible approach adopted in the present study
shows the important role of women in the decisionâmaking process of couples: female unemployment
significantly increases intentions of onward migration, and the migration is also considered as
an opportunity for the spouse and a gain in the economic prospects of the entire family.
Conversely, female employment has a significant role in preventing onward migratio
Female Labour Segregation in the Domestic Services in Italy
Third-country immigrants are over-represented among lower status workers in all EU countries and rarely achieve upward mobility. The present paper aims to analyse the migration trajectories of foreign-born women who entered the Italian labour market as domestic workers, in order to assess the role of personal and group characteristics in determining the chances of leaving this sector. The data were collected as part of a project studying the working trajectories of migrants in Italy. The survey was conducted during 2009 on 13,000 migrants aged 18 and over, living in Italy at the time of the interview and born in high emigration countries. We used a piecewise exponential model with random intercept for citizenship with time measured from the beginning of the person's first domestic work in Italy. Our results show low exit rates from the domestic sector but we identify personal and group characteristics which facilitate exit from this segment of the labour market. Employment experience, including unskilled, has a positive effect on the transition in the host country, as do education achieved in the country of origin and higher levels of tasks and duties in the last job held in the country of origin, whereas ethnic networks limit access to other occupations. The aims of the women's migration project include a strong emphasis on occupational mobility, whether they migrate for work or for family reasons. Finally, we find evidence of the existence of a "U-shaped" pattern in occupational mobility for this particular subpopulation of worker
Reti sociali e senso di appartenenza nel contesto migratorio. Unâindagine in Lombardia (Social networks and sense of belonging in emigration. The case of Lombardy)
Il presente contributo indaga il ruolo delle reti sociali amicali, familiari e lavorative degli immigrati sul sentimento di appartenenza allâItalia. Lâanalisi si basa sullâindagine 2013 effettuata in Lombardia dallâOsservatorio Regionale per lâIntegrazione e la MultietnicitĂ della regione Lombardia (Orim) su un campione di 4.000 stranieri o immigrati provenienti da paesi a forte pressione migratoria. I risultati mostrano con evidenza il ruolo cruciale delle reti sociali, in particolare quello della componente bridging, nel creare senso di appartenenza tra gli stranieri che vivono in Lombardia. Gli stranieri che provano il maggior senso di appartenenza allâItalia sono persone che hanno nella propria rete amicale una buona presenza di italiani se non addirittura una prevalenza di questi rispetto agli stranieri e che dichiarano di condividere appieno le norme sociali e i valori che caratterizzano la societĂ italiana e ne regolano la vita quotidian