5,038 research outputs found
Global controllability tests for geometric hybrid control systems
Hybrid systems are characterized by having an interaction between continuous
dynamics and discrete events. The contribution of this paper is to provide
hybrid systems with a novel geometric formulation so that controls can be
added. Using this framework we describe some new global controllability tests
for hybrid control systems exploiting the geometry and the topology of the set
of jump points, where the instantaneous change of dynamics take place.
Controllability is understood as the existence of a feasible trajectory for the
system joining any two given points. As a result we describe examples where
none of the continuous control systems are controllable, but the associated
hybrid system is controllable because of the characteristics of the jump set.Comment: 27 pages, 5 figure
Characterization of new hybrid pixel module concepts for the ATLAS Insertable B-Layer upgrade
The ATLAS Insertable B-Layer (IBL) collaboration plans to insert a fourth
pixel layer inside the present Pixel Detector to recover from eventual failures
in the current pixel system, especially the b-layer. Additionally the IBL will
ensure excellent tracking, vertexing and b-tagging performance during the LHC
phase I and add robustness in tracking with high luminosity pile-up. The
expected peak luminosity for IBL is 2 to 3centerdot1034 cm-2s-1 and IBL is
designed for an integrated luminosity of 700 fb-1. This corresponds to an
expected fluence of 5centerdot1015 1 MeV neqcm-2 and a total ionizing dose of
250 MRad. In order to cope with these requirements, two new module concepts are
under investigation, both based on a new front end IC, called FE-I4. This IC
was designed as readout chip for future ATLAS Pixel Detectors and its first
application will be the IBL. The planar pixel sensor (PPS) based module concept
benefits from its well understood design, which is kept as similar as possible
to the design of the current ATLAS Pixel Detector sensor. The second approach
of the new three dimensional (3D) silicon sensor technology benefits from the
shorter charge carrier drift distance to the electrodes, which completely
penetrate the sensor bulk. Prototype modules of both sensor concepts have been
build and tested in laboratory and test beam environment before and after
irradiation. Both concepts show very high performance even after irradiation to
5centerdot1015 1 MeV neqcm-2 and meet the IBL specifications in terms of hit
efficiency being larger than 97%. Lowest operational threshold studies have
been effected and prove independent of the used sensor concept the excellent
performance of FE-I4 based module concepts in terms of noise hit occupancy at
low thresholds.Comment: Part of 9th International Conference on Position Sensitive Detectors
(PSD9
Numerical modelling of ground-tunnel support interaction using bedded-beam-spring model with fuzzy parameters
The study of the ground-tunnel interaction by introducing a predetermined degree of variation (fuzziness)
in some parameters of the chosen model is presented and discussed. This research comes from the consideration
that tunnel model parameters and geometry are usually affected by a degree of uncertainty, mainly due to
construction imprecision and the great variability of rock mass properties. The research has been developed by
using the fuzzy set theory assuming that three model parameters are affected by a certain amount of uncertainty
(defined by the so-called membership functions). The response of the numerical model is calculated by solving
the fuzzy equations for different shapes of the membership functions. In order to investigate the effects of some
model parameters, and to provide a simple procedure and tool for the designers, a study on the effect of tunnel
boundary conditions, based on a fuzzy model, has been carried out using a simple but well known and widely used
design method such as the bedded-beam-spring model
Design and Performance of the CMS Pixel Detector Readout Chip
The readout chip for the CMS pixel detector has to deal with an enormous data
rate. On-chip zero suppression is inevitable and hit data must be buffered
locally during the latency of the first level trigger. Dead-time must be kept
at a minimum. It is dominated by contributions coming from the readout. To keep
it low an analog readout scheme has been adopted where pixel addresses are
analog coded. We present the architecture of the final CMS pixel detector
readout chip with special emphasis on the analog readout chain. Measurements of
its performance are discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 11 figures. Contribution to the Proceedings of the Pixel2005
Workshop, Bonn, German
SO(4,C)-covariant Ashtekar-Barbero gravity and the Immirzi parameter
An so(4,C)-covariant hamiltonian formulation of a family of generalized
Hilbert-Palatini actions depending on a parameter (the so called Immirzi
parameter) is developed. It encompasses the Ashtekar-Barbero gravity which
serves as a basis of quantum loop gravity. Dirac quantization of this system is
constructed. Next we study dependence of the quantum system on the Immirzi
parameter. The path integral quantization shows no dependence on it. A way to
modify the loop approach in the accordance with the formalism developed here is
briefly outlined.Comment: 14 pages, LATEX; minor changes; misprints corrected; commutator of
two secondary second class constraints correcte
BF Actions for the Husain-Kuchar Model
We show that the Husain-Kuchar model can be described in the framework of BF
theories. This is a first step towards its quantization by standard
perturbative QFT techniques or the spin-foam formalism introduced in the
space-time description of General Relativity and other diff-invariant theories.
The actions that we will consider are similar to the ones describing the
BF-Yang-Mills model and some mass generating mechanisms for gauge fields. We
will also discuss the role of diffeomorphisms in the new formulations that we
propose.Comment: 21 pages (in DIN A4 format), minor typos corrected; to appear in
Phys. Rev.
Creation of the universe with a stealth scalar field
The stealth scalar field is a non-trivial configuration without any
back-reaction to geometry, which is characteristic for non-minimally coupled
scalar fields. Studying the creation probability of the de Sitter universe with
a stealth scalar field by the Hartle and Hawking's semi-classical method, we
show that the effect of the stealth field can be significant. For the class of
scalar fields we consider, creation with a stealth field is possible for a
discrete value of the coupling constant and its creation probability is always
less than that with a trivial scalar field. However, those creation rates can
be almost the same depending on the parameters of the theory.Comment: 7 pages; v2, references added; v3, creation of the open universe
adde
Room-temperature structural phase transition in the quasi-2D spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet Cu(pz)(ClO)
Cu(pz)(ClO) (with pz denoting pyrazine CHN) is a
two-dimensional spin-1/2 square-lattice antiferromagnet with =
4.24 K. Due to a persisting focus on the low-temperature magnetic properties,
its room-temperature structural and physical properties caught no attention up
to now. Here we report a study of the structural features of
Cu(pz)(ClO) in the paramagnetic phase, up to 330 K. By employing
magnetization, specific heat, Cl nuclear magnetic resonance, and neutron
diffraction measurements, we provide evidence of a second-order phase
transition at = 294 K, not reported before. The absence of a
magnetic ordering across in the magnetization data, yet the
presence of a sizable anomaly in the specific heat, suggest a structural
order-to-disorder type transition. NMR and neutron-diffraction data corroborate
our conjecture, by revealing subtle angular distortions of the pyrazine rings
and of ClO counteranion tetrahedra, shown to adopt a configuration of
higher symmetry above the transition temperature.Comment: 10 pages, 12 figure
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