Influencia de la matriz y tipo de grasa en la digestibilidad de lípidos y proteínas de algunos productos de la pesca

[ES] La insuficiencia pancreática exocrina (IPE) es una de las complicaciones principales de las enfermedades del páncreas y consiste en la incapacidad del páncreas para sintetizar la cantidad de enzimas necesarias para la adecuada digestión de los alimentos. La terapia clínica habitual en individuos con IPE consiste en la administración por vía oral de un suplemento de enzimas pancreáticas para mejorar la absorción de los macronutrientes, y principalmente los lípidos por estar más comprometida su digestión en estas circunstancias. El suplemento se dosifica actualmente en base al peso y edad del paciente. Sin embargo, estos criterios resultan insuficientes pues existen una serie de factores propios al alimento (estructura, cantidad y origen graso, etc.) así como al entorno intestinal (pH, concentración biliar entre otros) que podrían condicionar la eficiencia del suplemento, así como la digestibilidad de sus macronutrientes. Por ello, en el presente trabajo se ha utilizado un método estático de digestión in vitro que permite simular las condiciones gastrointestinales de individuos sanos así como de pacientes con insuficiencia pancreática, con el fin de determinar la eficiencia del suplemento enzimático en la digestibilidad de las grasas y proteínas de una serie de productos alimenticios de la pesca. Concretamente, se llevó a cabo la digestión gastrointestinal de atún en aceite, salmón, merluza empanada y merluza con concentraciones variables del suplemento enzimático Kreon® (0-4000 UL / g grasa), y distintas condiciones de pH intestinal (6-7) y concentración biliar (1 y 10 mM). La digestión dio lugar a una degradación gradual de los distintos tipos de alimentos, facilitando la liberación de los macro y micronutrientes. El índice de degradación de la matriz no se vio afectado ni por el pH ni por la concentración biliar, alcanzando niveles del 80 %, excepto en la merluza en la que se obtuvieron menores valores. Factores como el tipo de cocinado, almacenamiento previo y tipo de grasa, contribuyen de forma diferente a la degradación de la matriz durante el proceso de digestión, favoreciendo o no, tanto el grado de proteólisis como el de lipólisis. En cuanto a la digestibilidad proteica, las mayores diferencias observadas se debieron principalmente a la dosis de Kreon® administrada para todas las matrices y para unas condiciones intestinales constantes (pH 6/ 1 mM). Además, el aumento del pH (de 6 a 7) y de la concentración biliar (de 1 a 10 mM), se tradujo en mayores valores de proteólisis. En cuanto a la lipólisis, sólo en el caso del atún se alcanzaron valores del 100 % para unas condiciones intestinales constantes (pH 6/ 1 mM). En cambio, la composición del fluido biliar contribuyó en iii la digestión de los lípidos, pero no así el pH, observándose una mayor extensión de la lipólisis en los pescados más grasos. Así pues, los productos de la pesca con mayor contenido graso serían los más recomendables para pacientes que cursen IPE puesto que presentan mayor digestibilidad de grasa y proteína.[EN] Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is one of the main complications the diseases of the pancreas have and consists of the inability of the pancreas to synthesize the amount of enzymes needed for the proper digestion of food. The usual clinical therapy in individuals with EPI involves the oral administration of a pancreatic enzyme supplement to improve absorption of macronutrients, and mainly lipids due to their committed digestion in these circumstances. The dosage of the supplement is currently based on the weight and age of the patient. However, these criteria are insufficient because there are a number of specific factors according to the food (structure, quantity and fatty origin, etc.) and the intestinal environment (pH, bile concentration among others) that could influence the efficiency of the supplement as well as the macronutrients digestibility. Therefore, in this paper, we have used a static method of in vitro digestion to simulate the gastrointestinal conditions of healthy individuals and patients with pancreatic insufficiency, in order to determine the efficiency of the enzymatic supplement on fat and protein digestibility from some seafood products. Specifically, this simulate gastrointestinal digestion has been conducted to oiled tuna, salmon, hake and hake pie varying the concentration of the enzyme supplement Kreon® (0-4000 UL / g fat), the intestinal pH conditions (6-7) and the bile concentration (1 to 10 mM). Digestion resulted in a gradual degradation of the different types of seafood, making easy the release of macro- and micronutrients. The rate of matrix degradation was not affected by either the pH and bile concentration, reaching levels of 80%, except hake in which lower values were obtained. Factors such as the type of cooking, storage and prior type of fat, contributed differently to degradation of the matrix during the digestion process, favoring or not, both the proteolysis and lipolysis degree. As for protein digestibility, the greatest differences observed were mainly due to the Kreon® administrated doses for all matrices within constant intestinal conditions (pH 6/ 1 mM). Furthermore, the increased pH (6 to 7) and bile concentration (1 to 10 mM) resulted in higher values of proteolysis. According to lipolysis results, only in the case of tuna, 100 % values for constant intestinal conditions (pH 6/ 1 mM) were achieved. Instead, bile fluid composition contributed to lipid digestion, not the case of pH, having the fatty fish a greater v extent of lipolysis. Thus, fishery products with higher fat content would be most recommended for patients who attend EPI since they would have a higher fat and protein digestibility.Barberá Bellés, A. (2016). Influencia de la matriz y tipo de grasa en la digestibilidad de lípidos y proteínas de algunos productos de la pesca. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/68948.TFG

Proteomic Analysis of Dysfunctional Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells Reveals Substantial Differences in Most Common Experimental Models of Chronic Liver Diseases

Animal models; Chronic liver disease; Endothelial dysfunctionModels animals; Malaltia hepàtica crònica; Disfunció endotelialModelos animales; Enfermedad hepática crónica; Disfunción endotelialMolecular markers of dedifferentiation of dysfunctional liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) have not been fully elucidated. We aimed at deciphering the molecular profile of dysfunctional LSEC in different pathological scenarios. Flow cytometry was used to sort CD11b−/CD32b+ and CD11b−/CD32b− LSEC from three rat models of liver disease (bile duct ligation-BDL; inhaled carbon tetrachloride-CCl4; and high fat glucose/fructose diet-HFGFD). A full proteomic profile was performed applying nano-scale liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS) and analyzed with PEAKS software. The percentage of CD32b− LSEC varied across groups, suggesting different capillarization processes. Both CD32+ and CD32b− LSEC from models are different from control LSEC, but differently expressed proteins in CD32b− LSEC are significantly higher. Heatmaps evidenced specific protein expression patterns for each model. Analysis of biological significance comparing dysfunctional CD32b− LSEC with specialized CD32b+ LSEC from controls showed central similarities represented by 45 common down-regulated proteins involved in the suppression of the endocytic machinery and 63 common up-regulated proteins associated with the actin-dependent cytoskeleton reorganization. In summary; substantial differences but also similarities in dysfunctional LSEC from the three most common models of liver disease were found, supporting the idea that LSEC may harbor different protein expression profiles according to the etiology or disease stage.This work was supported by grants PI18/00947 and AC18/00033 (ENM3 2018) and PI21/00691 from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and cofounded by the European Union (ERDF/ESF, “Investing in your future”). J.G. is the recipient of a clinical intensification award and D.H. of a Sara Borrell grant, both from ISCIII. M.G. and A.B. have predoctoral fellowships from Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR) and ISCIII respectively. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) is supported by ISCIII. The APC was funded by ISCIII

A Nine-Strain Bacterial Consortium Improves Portal Hypertension and Insulin Signaling and Delays NAFLD Progression In Vivo

The gut microbiome has a recognized role in Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and associated comorbidities such as Type-2 diabetes and obesity. Stool transplantation has been shown to improve disease by restoring endothelial function and insulin signaling. However, more patient-friendly treatments are required. The present study aimed to test the effect of a defined bacterial consortium of nine gut commensal strains in two in vivo rodent models of Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a rat model of NASH and portal hypertension (PHT), and the Stelic animal (mouse) model (STAM™). In both studies the consortium was administered orally q.d. after disease induction. In the NASH rats, the consortium was administered for 2 weeks and compared to stool transplant. In the STAM™ study administration was performed for 4 weeks, and the effects compared to vehicle or Telmisartan at the stage of NASH/early fibrosis. A second group of animals was followed for another 3 weeks to assess later-stage fibrosis. In the NASH rats, an improvement in PHT and endothelial function was observed. Gut microbial compositional changes also revealed that the consortium achieved a more defined and richer replacement of the gut microbiome than stool transplantation. Moreover, liver transcriptomics suggested a beneficial modulation of pro-fibrogenic pathways. An improvement in liver fibrosis was then confirmed in the STAM™ study. In this study, the bacterial consortium improved the NAFLD activity score, consistent with a decrease in steatosis and ballooning. Serum cytokeratin-18 levels were also reduced. Therefore, administration of a specific bacterial consortium of defined composition can ameliorate NASH, PHT, and fibrosis, and delay disease progression