227 research outputs found
Parity dependent Josephson current through a helical Luttinger liquid
We consider a superconductor-two dimensional topological insulator-
superconductor junction (S-2DTI-S) and study how the 2{\pi}- and
4{\pi}-periodic Josephson currents are affected by the electron-electron
interaction. In the long-junction limit the supercurrent can by evaluated by
modeling the system as a helical Luttinger liquid coupled to superconducting
reservoirs. After having introduced bosonization in the presence of the parity
constraint we turn to consider the limit of perfect and poor interfaces. For
transparent interfaces, where perfect Andreev reflections occur at the
boundaries, the Josephson current is marginally affected by the interaction. On
the contrary, if strong magnetic scatterers are present in the weak link, the
situation changes dramatically. Here Coulomb interaction plays a crucial role
both in low and high temperature regimes. Furthermore, a phase-shift of
Josephson current can be induced by changing the direction of the magnetization
of the impurity
Signatures of topology in quantum quench dynamics and their interrelation
Motivated by recent experimental progress in the study of quantum systems far
from equilibrium, we investigate the relation between several dynamical
signatures of topology in the coherent time-evolution after a quantum quench.
Specifically, we study the conditions for the appearance of entanglement
spectrum crossings, dynamical quantum phase transitions, and dynamical Chern
numbers. For non-interacting models, we show that in general there is no direct
relation between these three quantities. Instead, we relate the presence of
level crossings in the entanglement spectrum to localized boundary modes that
may not be of topological origin in the conventional sense. Finally, we
investigate how interactions influence the presence of entanglement spectrum
crossings and dynamical quantum phase transitions, by means of time-dependent
density matrix renormalization group simulations.Comment: Updated versio
Laughlin-like states in bosonic and fermionic atomic synthetic ladders
The combination of interactions and static gauge fields plays a pivotal role
in our understanding of strongly-correlated quantum matter. Cold atomic gases
endowed with a synthetic dimension are emerging as an ideal platform to
experimentally address this interplay in quasi-one-dimensional systems. A
fundamental question is whether these setups can give access to pristine
two-dimensional phenomena, such as the fractional quantum Hall effect, and how.
We show that unambiguous signatures of bosonic and fermionic Laughlin-like
states can be observed and characterized in synthetic ladders. We theoretically
diagnose these Laughlin-like states focusing on the chiral current flowing in
the ladder, on the central charge of the low-energy theory, and on the
properties of the entanglement entropy. Remarkably, Laughlin-like states are
separated from conventional liquids by Lifschitz-type transitions,
characterized by sharp discontinuities in the current profiles, which we
address using extensive simulations based on matrix-product states. Our work
provides a qualitative and quantitative guideline towards the observability and
understanding of strongly-correlated states of matter in synthetic ladders. In
particular, we unveil how state-of-the-art experimental settings constitute an
ideal starting point to progressively tackle two-dimensional strongly
interacting systems from a ladder viewpoint, opening a new perspective for the
observation of non-Abelian states of matter.Comment: 19 pages, 17 figures. Updated version after publication in Phys. Rev.
Synthetic gauge fields in synthetic dimensions: interactions and chiral edge modes
Synthetic ladders realized with one-dimensional alkaline-earth(-like) fermionic gases and subject to a gauge field represent a promising environment for the investigation of quantum Hall physics with ultracold atoms. Using density-matrix renormalization group calculations, we study how the quantum Hall-like chiral edge currents are affected by repulsive atom-atom interactions. We relate the properties of such currents to the asymmetry of the spin resolved momentum distribution function, a quantity which is easily addressable in state-of-art experiments. We show that repulsive interactions significantly enhance the chiral currents. Our numerical simulations are performed for atoms with two and three internal spin states
Launch of the Space experiment PAMELA
PAMELA is a satellite borne experiment designed to study with great accuracy
cosmic rays of galactic, solar, and trapped nature in a wide energy range
protons: 80 MeV-700 GeV, electrons 50 MeV-400 GeV). Main objective is the study
of the antimatter component: antiprotons (80 MeV-190 GeV), positrons (50
MeV-270 GeV) and search for antimatter with a precision of the order of 10^-8).
The experiment, housed on board the Russian Resurs-DK1 satellite, was launched
on June, 15, 2006 in a 350*600 km orbit with an inclination of 70 degrees. The
detector is composed of a series of scintillator counters arranged at the
extremities of a permanent magnet spectrometer to provide charge,
Time-of-Flight and rigidity information. Lepton/hadron identification is
performed by a Silicon-Tungsten calorimeter and a Neutron detector placed at
the bottom of the device. An Anticounter system is used offline to reject false
triggers coming from the satellite. In self-trigger mode the Calorimeter, the
neutron detector and a shower tail catcher are capable of an independent
measure of the lepton component up to 2 TeV. In this work we describe the
experiment, its scientific objectives and the performance in the first months
after launch.Comment: Accepted for publication on Advances in Space Researc
Two years of flight of the Pamela experiment: results and perspectives
PAMELA is a satellite borne experiment designed to study with great accuracy
cosmic rays of galactic, solar, and trapped nature in a wide energy range
(protons: 80 MeV-700 GeV, electrons 50 MeV-400 GeV). Main objective is the
study of the antimatter component: antiprotons (80 MeV-190 GeV), positrons (50
MeV-270 GeV) and search for antinuclei with a precision of the order of
). The experiment, housed on board the Russian Resurs-DK1 satellite,
was launched on June, 2006 in a orbit with an
inclination of 70 degrees. In this work we describe the scientific objectives
and the performance of PAMELA in its first two years of operation. Data on
protons of trapped, secondary and galactic nature - as well as measurements of
the December 2006 Solar Particle Event - are also provided.Comment: To appear on J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. as part of the proceedings of the
International Workshop on Advances in Cosmic Ray Science March, 17-19, 2008
Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japa
Observations of the December 13 and 14, 2006, Solar Particle Events in the 80 MeV/n - 3 GeV/n range from space with PAMELA detector
We present the space spectrometer PAMELA observations of proton and helium
fluxes during the December 13 and 14, 2006 solar particle events. This is the
first direct measurement of the solar energetic particles in space with a
single instrument in the energy range from 80 MeV/n up to 3
GeV/n. In the event of December 13 measured energy spectra of solar protons and
helium were compared with results obtained by neutron monitors and other
detectors. Our measurements show a spectral behaviour different from those
derived from the neutron monitor network. No satisfactory analytical fitting
was found for the energy spectra. During the first hours of the December 13
event solar energetic particles spectra were close to the exponential form
demonstrating rather significant temporal evolution. Solar He with energy up to
~1 GeV/n was recorded on December 13. In the event of December 14 energy of
solar protons reached ~600 MeV whereas maximum energy of He was below 100
MeV/n. The spectra were slightly bended in the lower energy range and preserved
their form during the second event. Difference in the particle flux appearance
and temporal evolution in these two events may argue for a special conditions
leading to acceleration of solar particles up to relativistic energies.Comment: Accepted for publication on Astrophysical journa
PAMELA results on the cosmic-ray antiproton flux from 60 MeV to 180 GeV in kinetic energy
The satellite-borne experiment PAMELA has been used to make a new measurement
of the cosmic-ray antiproton flux and the antiproton-to-proton flux ratio which
extends previously published measurements down to 60 MeV and up to 180 GeV in
kinetic energy. During 850 days of data acquisition approximately 1500
antiprotons were observed. The measurements are consistent with purely
secondary production of antiprotons in the galaxy. More precise secondary
production models are required for a complete interpretation of the results.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in Physical
Review Letter
Time dependence of the e^- flux measured by PAMELA during the July 2006 - December 2009 solar minimum
Precision measurements of the electron component in the cosmic radiation
provide important information about the origin and propagation of cosmic rays
in the Galaxy not accessible from the study of the cosmic-ray nuclear
components due to their differing diffusion and energy-loss processes. However,
when measured near Earth, the effects of propagation and modulation of galactic
cosmic rays in the heliosphere, particularly significant for energies up to at
least 30 GeV, must be properly taken into account. In this paper the electron
(e^-) spectra measured by PAMELA down to 70 MeV from July 2006 to December 2009
over six-months time intervals are presented. Fluxes are compared with a
state-of-the-art three-dimensional model of solar modulation that reproduces
the observations remarkably well.Comment: 40 pages, 18 figures, 1 tabl
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