182 research outputs found
Inflammatory and Microbiota-Related Regulation of the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier
The intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) is one of the largest interfaces between the environment and the internal milieu of the body. It is essential to limit the passage of harmful antigens and microorganisms and, on the other side, to assure the absorption of nutrients and water. The maintenance of this delicate equilibrium is tightly regulated as it is essential for human homeostasis. Luminal solutes and ions can pass across the IEB via two main routes: the transcellular pathway or the paracellular pathway. Tight junctions (TJs) are a multi-protein complex responsible for the regulation of paracellular permeability. TJs control the passage of antigens through the IEB and have a key role in maintaining barrier integrity. Several factors, including cytokines, gut microbiota, and dietary components are known to regulate intestinal TJs. Gut microbiota participates in several human functions including the modulation of epithelial cells and immune system through the release of several metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Mediators released by immune cells can induce epithelial cell damage and TJs dysfunction. The subsequent disruption of the IEB allows the passage of antigens into the mucosa leading to further inflammation. Growing evidence indicates that dysbiosis, immune activation, and IEB dysfunction have a role in several diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and gluten-related conditions. Here we summarize the interplay between the IEB and gut microbiota and mucosal immune system and their involvement in IBS, IBD, and gluten-related disorders
New insights into irritable bowel syndrome pathophysiological mechanisms: contribution of epigenetics
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a complex multifactorial condition including alterations of the gut-brain axis, intestinal permeability, mucosal neuro-immune interactions, and microbiota imbalance. Recent advances proposed epigenetic factors as possible regulators of several mechanisms involved in IBS pathophysiology. These epigenetic factors include biomolecular mechanisms inducing chromosome-related and heritable changes in gene expression regardless of DNA coding sequence. Accordingly, altered gut microbiota may increase the production of metabolites such as sodium butyrate, a prominent inhibitor of histone deacetylases. Patients with IBS showed an increased amount of butyrate-producing microbial phila as well as an altered profile of methylated genes and micro-RNAs (miRNAs). Importantly, gene acetylation as well as specific miRNA profiles are involved in different IBS mechanisms and may be applied for future diagnostic purposes, especially to detect increased gut permeability and visceromotor dysfunctions. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the role of epigenetics in IBS pathophysiology
Hypo- and Hyper-Virulent Listeria monocytogenes Clones Persisting in Two Different Food Processing Plants of Central Italy
A total of 66 Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) isolated from 2013 to 2018 in a small-scale meat
processing plant and a dairy facility of Central Italy were studied. Whole Genome Sequencing
and bioinformatics analysis were used to assess the genetic relationships between the strains and
investigate persistence and virulence abilities. The biofilm forming-ability was assessed in vitro.
Cluster analysis grouped the Lm from the meat plant into three main clusters: two of them, both
belonging to CC9, persisted for years in the plant and one (CC121) was isolated in the last year of
sampling. In the dairy facility, all the strains grouped in a CC2 four-year persistent cluster. All the
studied strains carried multidrug efflux-pumps genetic determinants (sugE, mdrl, lde, norM, mepA).
CC121 also harbored the Tn6188 specific for tolerance to Benzalkonium Chloride. Only CC9 and
CC121 carried a Stress Survival Islet and presented high-level cadmium resistance genes (cadA1C1)
carried by different plasmids. They showed a greater biofilm production when compared with CC2.
All the CC2 carried a full-length inlA while CC9 and CC121 presented a Premature Stop Codon
mutation correlated with less virulence. The hypo-virulent clones CC9 and CC121 appeared the most
adapted to food-processing environments; however, even the hyper-virulent clone CC2 warningly
persisted for a long time. The identification of the main mechanisms promoting Lm persistence in a
specific food processing plant is important to provide recommendations to Food Business Operators
(FBOs) in order to remove or reduce resident Lm
Bollettino Sismico Italiano: gennaio - aprile 2015
Nel primo quadrimestre 2015 si sono verificati 5 eventi di magnitudo superiore a 4: il 23 gennaio un Mw 4.3 Ăš stato localizzato tra le province di Bologna e Prato, seguito da una sequenza di alcune centinaia di eventi; il 6 febbraio un Mw 4.7 al largo delle Isole Eolie, ad oltre 270 km di profonditĂ ; il 28 febbraio un Mw 4.1 nella Piana del Fucino; il 15 aprile un evento di magnitudo Mw 4.3 nel Mar Tirreno, al largo della costa calabra occidentale, ad una profonditĂ di oltre 250 km e il 24 aprile un terremoto di magnitudo ML 4.0 tra le province di Ravenna e ForlĂŹ-Cesena,seguito da una sequenza di oltre 80 repliche.Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia e Dipartimento Protezione CivilePublished4IT. Banche dat
Bollettino Sismico Italiano: maggio - agosto 2016
Il 24 agosto 2016 un terremoto di magnitudo 6.0 ha dato inizio ad una sequenza sismica in Italia centrale, che ha generato decine di migliaia di eventi sismici. Per lâanalisi e revisione di questa sequenza si rimanda ad un uscita speciale del BSI prevista per fine 2017(S_BSI_CI). In questo quadrimestre e nel successivo gli eventi nella zona della sequenza sono quelli localizzati nella sala di sorveglianza. Solo gli eventi con M>= 3.5, e pochi altri (vedi Marchetti et al. Annals of Geophys. DOI: 10.4401/ag6116) sono stati rivisti dal BSI.Nel secondo quadrimestre 2016 si sono verificati sedici eventi di magnitudo superiore a 4.0 (ML) rivisti dagli analisti del BSI uno vicino alle coste tunisine quindi fuori dal territorio nazionale; lâevento di Mw 4.1 che Ăš avvenuto il 30 maggio in provincia di Terni vicino al Lago di Bolsena (lat=42.7, lon=11.98 ad una profonditĂ di 8 km) e 14 eventi nella zona della sequenza nellâultima settimana del
quadrimestre: il 24 agosto 2016 si Ăš verificato lâevento di magnitudo ML=6.0 (Mw=6.0) che ha iniziato una
sequenza sismica per la quale sono stati localizzati decine di migliaia di terremoti e che alla fine di ottobre 2016
ha generato eventi persino piĂč forti (fino a Mw=6.5) della prima scossa.Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Dipartimento di Protezione CivilePublished4IT. Banche dat
Les droits disciplinaires des fonctions publiques : « unification », « harmonisation » ou « distanciation ». A propos de la loi du 26 avril 2016 relative à la déontologie et aux droits et obligations des fonctionnaires
The production of tt⟠, W+bb⟠and W+cc⟠is studied in the forward region of protonâproton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98±0.02 fbâ1 . The W bosons are reconstructed in the decays WââÎœ , where â denotes muon or electron, while the b and c quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions.The production of , and is studied in the forward region of proton-proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98 0.02 \mbox{fb}^{-1}. The bosons are reconstructed in the decays , where denotes muon or electron, while the and quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions
Angular analysis of the B-0 -> K*(0) e(+) e(-) decay in the low-q(2) region
An angular analysis of the decay is performed using a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 {\mbox{fb}^{-1}}, collected by the LHCb experiment in collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV during 2011 and 2012. For the first time several observables are measured in the dielectron mass squared () interval between 0.002 and 1.120. The angular observables and which are related to the polarisation and to the lepton forward-backward asymmetry, are measured to be and , where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The angular observables and which are sensitive to the photon polarisation in this range, are found to be and . The results are consistent with Standard Model predictions.An angular analysis of the B â K^{*}^{0} e e decay is performed using a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb, collected by the LHCb experiment in pp collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV during 2011 and 2012. For the first time several observables are measured in the dielectron mass squared (q) interval between 0.002 and 1.120 GeV /c. The angular observables F and A which are related to the K^{*}^{0} polarisation and to the lepton forward-backward asymmetry, are measured to be F = 0.16 ± 0.06 ± 0.03 and A â=â0.10â±â0.18â±â0.05, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The angular observables A and A which are sensitive to the photon polarisation in this q range, are found to be A â=âââ0.23â±â0.23â±â0.05 and A â=â0.14â±â0.22â±â0.05. The results are consistent with Standard Model predictions.An angular analysis of the decay is performed using a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 {\mbox{fb}^{-1}}, collected by the LHCb experiment in collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV during 2011 and 2012. For the first time several observables are measured in the dielectron mass squared () interval between 0.002 and 1.120. The angular observables and which are related to the polarisation and to the lepton forward-backward asymmetry, are measured to be and , where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The angular observables and which are sensitive to the photon polarisation in this range, are found to be and . The results are consistent with Standard Model predictions
A study of CP violation in B-+/- -> DK +/- and B-+/- -> D pi(+/-) decays with D -> (KSK +/-)-K-0 pi(-/+) final states
A first study of CP violation in the decay modes and , where labels a or meson and labels a or meson, is performed. The analysis uses the LHCb data set collected in collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb. The analysis is sensitive to the CP-violating CKM phase through seven observables: one charge asymmetry in each of the four modes and three ratios of the charge-integrated yields. The results are consistent with measurements of using other decay modes
Study of the rare B-s(0) and B-0 decays into the pi(+) pi(-) mu(+) mu(-) final state
A search for the rare decays and is performed in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb collected by the LHCb detector in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. Decay candidates with pion pairs that have invariant mass in the range 0.5-1.3 GeV/ and with muon pairs that do not originate from a resonance are considered. The first observation of the decay and the first evidence of the decay are obtained and the branching fractions are measured to be and , where the third uncertainty is due to the branching fraction of the decay , used as a normalisation.A search for the rare decays Bs0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ and B0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ is performed in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fbâ1 collected by the LHCb detector in protonâproton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV . Decay candidates with pion pairs that have invariant mass in the range 0.5â1.3 GeV/c2 and with muon pairs that do not originate from a resonance are considered. The first observation of the decay Bs0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ and the first evidence of the decay B0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ are obtained and the branching fractions, restricted to the dipion-mass range considered, are measured to be B(Bs0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ)=(8.6±1.5 (stat)±0.7 (syst)±0.7(norm))Ă10â8 and B(B0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ)=(2.11±0.51(stat)±0.15(syst)±0.16(norm))Ă10â8 , where the third uncertainty is due to the branching fraction of the decay B0âJ/Ï(âÎŒ+ÎŒâ)Kâ(892)0(âK+Ïâ) , used as a normalisation.A search for the rare decays Bs0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ and B0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ is performed in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fbâ1 collected by the LHCb detector in protonâproton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV . Decay candidates with pion pairs that have invariant mass in the range 0.5â1.3 GeV/c2 and with muon pairs that do not originate from a resonance are considered. The first observation of the decay Bs0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ and the first evidence of the decay B0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ are obtained and the branching fractions, restricted to the dipion-mass range considered, are measured to be B(Bs0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ)=(8.6±1.5 (stat)±0.7 (syst)±0.7(norm))Ă10â8 and B(B0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ)=(2.11±0.51(stat)±0.15(syst)±0.16(norm))Ă10â8 , where the third uncertainty is due to the branching fraction of the decay B0âJ/Ï(âÎŒ+ÎŒâ)Kâ(892)0(âK+Ïâ) , used as a normalisation.A search for the rare decays and is performed in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb collected by the LHCb detector in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. Decay candidates with pion pairs that have invariant mass in the range 0.5-1.3 GeV/ and with muon pairs that do not originate from a resonance are considered. The first observation of the decay and the first evidence of the decay are obtained and the branching fractions, restricted to the dipion-mass range considered, are measured to be and , where the third uncertainty is due to the branching fraction of the decay , used as a normalisation
Observation of the B0 â Ï0Ï0 decay from an amplitude analysis of B0 â (Ï+Ïâ)(Ï+Ïâ) decays
Protonâproton collision data recorded in 2011 and 2012 by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fbâ1 , are analysed to search for the charmless B0âÏ0Ï0 decay. More than 600 B0â(Ï+Ïâ)(Ï+Ïâ) signal decays are selected and used to perform an amplitude analysis, under the assumption of no CP violation in the decay, from which the B0âÏ0Ï0 decay is observed for the first time with 7.1 standard deviations significance. The fraction of B0âÏ0Ï0 decays yielding a longitudinally polarised final state is measured to be fL=0.745â0.058+0.048(stat)±0.034(syst) . The B0âÏ0Ï0 branching fraction, using the B0âÏKâ(892)0 decay as reference, is also reported as B(B0âÏ0Ï0)=(0.94±0.17(stat)±0.09(syst)±0.06(BF))Ă10â6
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