Efeito de diferentes manejos de fornecimento prolongado de colostro sobre os níveis de proteína e albúmina séricas e desempenho de bezerras recém-nascidas

The serum total protein and albumin concentrations and the performance under different milk feeding programs were evaluated in twenty-four female Holstein newborn calves, randomly allocated in three treatments. The animals were daily fed milk or supplemental colostrum, in different feeding programs during the first thirty days of Ufe. Blood samples were collected at 3; 5;10; 15; 17; 20; 22; 25; 30; 40; 50 and 60 days of age and analysed for serum total protein and serum albumin. Animals were weighed at 0; 5; 10; 15; 20; 25; 30; 40; 50 and 60 days after birth. In the first sixty days, the serum total protein concentration in treatment 3 (colostrum fed twice a day) was higher (p < 0.05) than in treatment 1 (milk). The concentration of serum was also different at different ages (p < 0.0001). During the experimental period the total protein decreased (equation r² = 0.98). Serum albumin levels were similar at all ages, but different in treatments. Treatment 2 (colostrum fed once a day) levels were higher (p < 0.05) than in treatment 1 for serum albumin. Treatment 3 body weight gain was higher (p < 0.05) than in treatment 1 during the experimental period. It was concluded that the best performance was found in calves that received a supplemental colostrum diet twice a day.Os níveis séricos de proteína total e albúmina e o desempenho de bezerras holandesas foram estudados utilizando-se 24 animais recém-nascidos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso em parcelas subdivididas, com três tratamentos à base de leite e colostro suplementar, a saber: tratamento 1 - colostro materno no 1&deg; dia de vida (idem para tratamentos 2 e 3) e 2 litros de leite pela manhã e 2 litros de leite à tarde, do 2&deg; dia de vida até o 30&deg; dia de vida; tratamento 2 - fornecimento de 0,8 litros de leite + 1,2 litros de colostro pela manhã e 2 litros de leite à tarde, até 30 dias de idade; tratamento 3 - fornecimento de 1,4 litros de leite + 0,6 litros de colostro pela manhã e igual dieta à tarde, até 30 dias de idade. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas aos 3, 5, 10, 15,17, 20, 22, 25, 30, 40, 50 e 60 dias de vida e analisadas quanto à concentração de proteína total e albúmina séricas.Os animais foram pesados ao nascer e aos 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50 e 60 dias de idade. Os animais do tratamento 3 (colostro duas vezes/dia) tiveram concentração de proteína total sérica superior (p < 0,05) a dos animais do tratamento 1(leite). O nível sérico de proteína total variou entre idades experimentais (p < 0,0001). Houve redução da concentração de proteína total durante o período experimental (r² = 0,98). A albúmina sérica não diferiu entre as idades experimentais, havendo porém, diferença entre tratamentos, sendo que os animais do tratamento 2 (colostro uma vez/dia) superaram (p < 0,05) os do tratamento 1 (leite) em relação a está variável. O ganho de peso no periodo foi maior (p < 0,05) no tratamento 3 (colostro duas vezes/dia) do que no tratamento 1 (leite). Concluiu-se que o fornecimento de colostro suplementar misturado ao leite duas vezes ao dia proporcionou melhor desempenho das bezerras, evidenciando o seu alto valor nutricional

Influence of extended colostrum feeding on protein fluctuation of new born calves with different acquired passive immunity

The objective of this study was to evaluate the protein fluctuation of 32 Holstein newborn calves under different milk feeding programs. Animals with high and low condition of acquired passive immunity, were splited in two groups, with and without extended colostrum feeding. The treatments were: T1 - high/milk; T2 - low/milk; T3 -high/colostrum; T4 - low/colostrum. Total protein (TP), albumin and imunoglobulin G (IgG) present in the serum of the calves were evaluated. Calves of Tl and T3 showed higher concentration of TP and IgG as compared to T2 and T4. TP and albumin concentration were higher (P = 0,0001 e p = 0,059) in T3 and T4 in relation to animals in T1 and T2. The lowest concentration of PT and IgG were higher (p = 0,082 e p = 0,0001) in Tl and T3 as compared to T2 and T4. The date when the lowest concentrations of TP ocurred in Tl and T3, 40 days, was superior (p = 0,0012) to 20 days found in T2 and T4. The same ocurred to IgG (p = 0,060) with dates of 50 and 40 days for high (T1 and T3) and low (T2 and T4) groups respectively. Animals that received colostrum (T3 and T4) showed, only for TP, higher (p = 0,0002) concentrations in relation to the minimum concentration, which was registred at the age of 30 days. The date when the lowest concentration of IgG occurred was not different between animals that received colostrum and milk (40 days). According to the results it is suggested that colostrum in the diet has a positive effect in the serum protein synthesis, which in addition to immunoglobulins play an important role in the serum protein fluctuation of the newborn calves.O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento das proteínas séricas de 32 bezerros recém-nascidos submetidos a diferentes programas de aleitamento. Foram utilizados animais com duas diferentes condições de imunidade passiva adquirida, alta e baixa, divididos em dois grupos, com e sem fornecimento prolongado de colostra. Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: T1 - alto/leite; T2 -baixo/leite; T3 - alto/colostro; T4 - baixo/ colostro. Foram avaliados os parâmetros séricos de proteína total (PT), albumina e imunoglobulina G (IgG). O grupo alto (T1 e T3) apresentou uma concentração média superior de proteína total (p = 0,0033) e imunoglobulina (p = 0,0001) séricas comparadas com os valores encontrados para o grupo baixo (T2 e T4). Proteína total e albumina apresentaram concentrações médias superiores (p = 0,0001 e p = 0,059) no grupo colostra (T3 e T4) comparado com o grupo leite (T1 e T2). Os valores mínimos médios para PT e IgG foram superiores (p = 0,082 e p = 0,0001) no grupo alto comparado com o grupo baixo. A data de ocorrência do valor médio mínimo no grupo alto para PT foi 40 dias, valor superior (p = 0,0012) aos 20 dias encontrado para o grupo baixo. O mesmo ocorreu para IgG (p = 0,060), tendo sido obtido 50 e 40 dias, respectivamente, para os grupos alto e baixo. Os animais que receberam colostra (T3 e T4) apresentaram, apenas para PT, valor superior (p = 0,0002) para o parâmetro menor valor médio, que ocorreu aos 30 dias de idade. A data de ocorrência do valor médio mínimo para IgG não diferiu entre os animais que receberam colostro e leite (40 dias). O fornecimento prolongado de colostro na dieta pode favorecer o processo de síntese de proteínas séricas em bezerros recém-nascidos

Fornecimento prolongado de colostro e protecao passiva em bezerros recem-nascidos.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento imunologico de 32 bezerros recem-nascidos submetidos a diferentes programas de aleitamento. Animais com duas condicoes diferentes de imunidade passiva adquirida, alta e baixa, foram divididos em dois grupos: com e sem fornecimento prolongado de colostro. Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: T1 - alto/leite; T2 - baixo/leite; T3 - alto/colostro; T4 - baixo/colostro. O grupo alto apresentou concentracao media de imunoglobina G superior (<0,0001) ao grupo baixo, respectivamente 33,46 +-7,0 mg/mL e 21,46+-6,1 mg/mL. Entre os menores valores medios de imunoglobina serica (IgG) para os grupos altos (22,53 +-4,0 mg/mL) e baixo (15,9 +-4,7 mg/mL), a diferenca foi significativa (p<0,0001), assim como suas idades de ocorrencia (p<0,0604), registradas aos 50 dias para grupo alto e 40 dias para o grupo baixo. Com relacao ao inicio de diarreia, a diferenca foi significativa (p<0,003) entre T2 e T3, que apresentaram idades medias de 7,0 e 10,38 dias, respectivamente. O fornecimento de colostro por periodo prolongado, associado a niveis adequados de imunidade passiva, resultou em melhor protecao contra diarreia em comparacao aos animais alimentados so com leite. Os resultados sugerem tambem uma taxa constante de catabolismo das imunoglobinas adquiridas passivamente.199

Genetic Variability In The G Protein Gene Of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Isolated From The Campinas Metropolitan Region, Brazil

Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is recognized as the most important viral agent of serious respiratory tract diseases in the pediatric population worldwide. A prospective study for hRSV was conducted in children ageing less than 1 year admitted in two university hospitals in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic variability of both A and B subgroups of hRSV isolated during an epidemic period in the Campinas metropolitan region, Brazil, by sequencing a variable region of the G protein gene. Phylogenetic trees were constructed from alignments of sequences available in the GenBank database and Brazil isolates for hRSV A and B. The data demonstrate that Brazilian isolates clusters together with A and B viruses from Kenya, New Zealand, South Africa, West Virginia, United States (CH, Rochester), and other Brazilian isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of subgroup A isolates showed that the sequences obtained on the present study falls on three clusters, namely GA2, GA5, and SAA1 that co-circulate during the analyzed period. Subgroup B isolates detected belongs to three genotypes, GB3 (SAB3) and BA (BAIII). Different subgroup B genotypes were detected and BA isolates present in our samples showed some degree of genetic variability. This is one of the first reports on the molecular epidemiology of hRSV strains from the Campinas metropolitan region, São Paulo state, Brazil. And is also the first description of the circulation pattern of hRSV genotypes in two university hospitals, revealing interesting differences between the two subgroups of the virus. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.80916531660Anderson, L.J., Hierholzer, J.C., Tsou, C., Hendry, R.M., Fernie, B.F., Stone, Y., McIntosh, K., Antigenic characterization of respiratory syncytial virus strains with monoclonal antibodies (1985) J Infect Dis, 151, pp. 626-633Anderson, L.J., Hendry, R.M., Piedik, L.T., Tsou, C., McIntosh, K., Multicenter study of strains of respiratory syncytial virus (1991) J Infect Dis, 163, pp. 687-692Cane, P.A., Pringle, C.R., Respiratory synctial viral heterogeneity during an epidemic analysis by limited nucleotide sequencing (SH gene) and restriction mapping (N gene) (1991) J Gen Virol, 27, pp. 349-357Cane, P.A., Matthews, D., Pringle, C., Identification of variable domains of attachment G protein of subgroup A respiratory syncytial viruses (1991) J Gen Virol, 72, pp. 2091-2096Choi, E.H., Lee, H.J., Genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of the G protein of subgroups A and B of respiratory syncytial viruses isolated over 9 consecutive epidemics in Korea (2000) J Infect Dis, 181, pp. 1547-1556Collins, P.L., Chanock, R.M., Murphy, B.R., Respiratory syncytial virus (2001) Fields virology, pp. 1443-1486. , Knipe DM, Howley PM, editors, 4th edition. 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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (rsv) In Infants Hospitalized For Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Disease: Incidence And Associated Risks

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the main causes of acute lower respiratory tract infections worldwide. We examined the incidence and associated risks for RSV infection in infants hospitalized in two university hospitals in the state of São Paulo. We made a prospective cohort study involving 152 infants hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTI) in two university hospitals in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, between April and September 2004. Clinical and epidemiological data were obtained at admission. RSV was detected by direct immunofluorescence of nasopharyngeal secretions. Factors associated with RSV infection were assessed by calculating the relative risk (RR). The incidence of RSV infection was 17.5%. Risk factors associated with infection were: gestational age less than 35 weeks (RR: 4.17; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.21-7.87); birth weight less than or equal to 2,500 grams (RR: 2.69; 95% CI 1.34-5.37); mother's educational level less than five years of schooling (RR: 2.28; 95% CI 1.13-4.59) and pulse oximetry at admission to hospital lower than 90% (RR: 2.19; 95% CI 1.10-4.37). Low birth weight and prematurity are factors associated with respiratory disease due to RSV in infants. Low educational level of the mother and poor socioeconomic conditions also constitute risk factors. Hypoxemia in RSV infections at admission indicates potential severity and a need for early oxygen therapy. © 2006 by The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Contexto Publishing. 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Colostral immunoglobulins absorption in Canchim and Nelore calves Absorção de imunoglobulinas do colostro em bezerros das raças Canchim e Nelore

The efficiency of absorption of colostral immunoglobulins was evaluated in five Canchim and seven Nelore calves. They received colostrum pools with concentration of 70.20 ± 6.14 mg/mL through esofageal feeder at 2, 12, 24 and 36 hours after birth. The immunoglobulins concentrations of the pools were estimated through specific gravity and measured by radial immunodifusion. In the blood collection at birth and during the first 70 days of life, the total protein was assayed by biuret method and the immunoglobulins were assayed by radial immunodifusion. Data were analysed as a randomized split-plot statistical model. The highest concentrations of serum immunoglobulins and total protein were observed at 24 hours of age. No significant differences (P>0.5484) were observed for immunoglobulins concentration at 24 hours, with concentrations of 28.80 ± 7.24 mg/mL for Canchim and 27.32 ± 9.54 mg/mL for Nelore. The efficiency for immunoglobulins absorption was not significantly different (P>0.8715) between breeds, 64.04 ± 7.74% for Canchim and 62.30 ± 6.93% for Nelore. The lack of statistical significance persisted until the fourtieth day of life, period of maternal immunoglobulin predominance in the calves blood circulation. In the following period, from 40 to 70 days of age, phase of establishment of the endogenous production of immunoglobulin, differences in the IgG concentrations between the two groups were detected refflecting a possible breed effect difference. The process of colostral IgG absorption by the newborn calves was not affected by breed. The differences between breeds in the calves serum IgG were related to the phase of endogenous production of antibodies.<br>A eficiência de absorção de imunoglobulinas do colostro foi avaliada em cinco bezerros da raça Canchim e sete bezerros da raça Nelore. Os bezerros receberam colostro de "pools" com concentração média de 70,20 ± 6,14 mg/mL, por sonda esofagiana, às 2, 12, 24 e 36 horas após o nascimento. As concentrações de imunoglobulinas dos "pools" foram estimadas por gravidade específica e quantificadas por imunodifusão radial. No sangue obtido ao nascimento e durante os primeiros 70 dias de idade, a proteína total foi analisada pelo método do biureto e as imunoglobulinas séricas, quantificadas por imunodifusão radial. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em parcelas subdivididas no tempo. As concentrações máximas de imunoglobulinas séricas e de proteína total foram observada às 24 horas de idade. Não foi observada diferença significativa quanto à concentração de imunoglobulinas às 24 horas (P>0,5484), com valores médios de 28,80 ± 7,24 mg/mL para Canchim e de 27,32 ± 9,54 mg/mL para Nelore. A eficiência de absorção das imunoglobulinas não diferiu significativamente (P> 0,8715) entre as raças, sendo 64,04 ± 7,74% para Canchim e 62,30 ± 6,93% para Nelore. A ausência de diferença significativa estendeu-se até o 40º dia, período de predominância de anticorpos maternos na corrente sangüínea do bezerro. No período seguinte, dos 40 aos 70 dias de idade, fase de estabelecimento da produção endógena de anticorpos, verificaram-se diferenças na concentração de IgG entre os dois grupos de animais, refletindo provavelmente o comportamento diferenciado das raças. O processo de absorção das imunoglobulinas provenientes do colostro pelos bezerros recém-nascidos não foi afetado pela raça. As diferenças entre raças na concentração sérica de IgG foram relacionadas à fase endógena de produção de anticorpos