Automatic checking of the usage of the C++ move semantics

The C++ programming language is a favorable choice when implementing high performance applications, like real-time and embedded programming, large telecommunication systems, financial simulations, as well as a wide range of other speed sensitive programs. While C++ has all the facilities to handle the computer hardware without compromises, the copy based value semantics of assignment is a common source of performance degradation. New language features, like the move semantics were introduced recently to serve an instrument to avoid unnecessary copies. Unfortunately, correct usage of move semantics is not trivial, and unintentional expensive copies of C++ objects - like copying containers instead of using move semantics - may determine the main (worst-case) time characteristics of the programs. In this paper we introduce a new approach of investigating performance bottlenecks for C++ programs, which operates at language source level and targets the move semantics of the C++ programming language. We detect copies occurring in operations marked as move operations, i.e. intended not containing expensive copy actions. Move operations are marked with generalized attributes - a new language feature introduced to C++11 standard. We implemented a tool prototype to detect such copy/move semantic errors in C++ programs. Our prototype is using the open source LLVM/Clang parser infrastructure, therefore highly portable

Fogászati jellegű sérülések törvényszéki vizsgálata

Absztrakt Bevezetés: A fogászati sérülések dokumentációja és véleményezése meglehetősen hiányos. Szakmai elemzést igényel, hogy miért nem tekintik fontosnak egy baleset után a fogazat állapotát, illetve a korszerű fogorvosi módszerek hogyan befolyásolják a sérülések jellegét, diagnosztikáját és kezelését. Célkitűzés: A fogsérülések rendszerezése, valamint a szakirodalmi és saját adatok összevetése a sérülések eredete és jellege szempontjából, a diagnosztikára vonatkozó javaslatok megfogalmazása. Módszer: A szerzők elemezték a Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézetben a sérülést túlélt betegekre vonatkozó „fogászati sérüléses” szakvéleményeket a 2009 és 2013 közötti időszakban. Eredmények: A közel 7000 szakvéleményben csak 20 fogászati jellegű eset volt, míg a szakirodalmi adatok szerint jelentősen nagyobb számban fordulhatnak elő a fogazat sérülései. Következtetések: Elhanyagolhatóan kevés olyan eset található, amelyikben konkrétan szó van a fogazatot ért kárról, míg több olyan is előfordult, ahol a trauma hatására a fogazatban is szinte biztosan történt elváltozás, de dokumentálva nem volt. A sérülések keletkezési mechanizmusa, a gyógyulás prognosztikai értékelése és a szükséges korrekció szakértői véleményezése a jövőben nagyobb figyelmet érdemel. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(11), 430–435

A városnövekedés területi eltérései Európában, különös tekintettel a járműipari városokra = Spatial disparities of urban growth with special regard to locations of automotive industry

In addition to the separation of the phases of the European Union urban development processes, this paper seeks to trace their special disparities. By the 21st century Europe faced a special situation, practically never experienced before in its history as regards migration, by the breaking down of the blocking role of state borders and the improvement of transportation facilities. These factors led to the dissolution of the isolation of some elements in the European mosaic of nation states, and this was relevant not only for the European Union member states but also for countries that are not EU members. Our paper reveals how the pan-European migration processes induce a variety of urban development tendencies in the various macro-regions. Different independent analyses are provided to discuss the spatial disparities of urban development. Firstly, general urban development tendencies are examined in the respective countries, and the development characteristics of large cities are introduced. This is followed by an analysis of medium-sized cities on the basis of a broad database, and finally the paper discusses the survey of a group of cities which host automotive companies. In other words, the paper is composed of four chapters. First of all, we review the demographic changes and the urbanization processes of the continent. After that, we focus on large cities, and then on the size category of 50 000–500 000 inhabitants. In the last chapter we discuss the features of European automotive settlements, regardless of the population. The aim of this analysis is to explore the impacts of automotive industry on the social and economic indicators of the examined urban areas. We assume this sector has got a positive impact on the economic performance of a given urban area, and it can have an impact on its demographic processes as well. An important research question is which European countries, great regions and settlement size categories are favoured by the automotive industry. In addition, we try to trace the position of Győr in this special group of cities. Evidently, the type and data demand of these analyses requires various geographical ranges and city size categories, but our conclusions are supported. Typical urban development zones are featured in Europe, and they may be described by similar characteristics, which proves that in our age the phases of urban development are not the same all over the continent. Further development will probably not follow the classical urban development phases, either. It is much more likely to have a centre-periphery relationship in the future, and the exclusivity of the development of large cities will only be experienced in some European countries. The development of cities is not equal in Europe, and we can find variant processes in different great regions. In the past, the differences were connected to the economic development of single countries, nowadays changes are formed by globalization tendencies, the appreciation of dynamic metropolitan areas and migration processes. The crisis in 2008 – which depressed the poorer areas more strongly – stimulated these processes. Today, the internal immigration and international emigration determine the development of areas in poorer countries. In contrast, we see the development of prospering urban regions in the developed parts of the continent, while other parts of the wealthy countries can be found in the phase of deurbanization. In other words, there could be a more balanced spatial development in these countries

It’s Not Easy Being Green: A Narrative Review on the Microbiology, Virulence and Therapeutic Prospects of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most frequent cause of infection among non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria, predominantly affecting immunocompromised patients, but its pathogenic role should not be disregarded in immunocompetent patients. These pathogens present a concerning therapeutic challenge to clinicians, both in community and in hospital settings, due to their increasing prevalence of resistance, and this may lead to prolonged therapy, sequelae, and excess mortality in the affected patient population. The resistance mechanisms of P. aeruginosa may be classified into intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms. These mechanisms lead to occurrence of resistant strains against important antibiotics-relevant in the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections-such as β-lactams, quinolones, aminoglycosides, and colistin. The occurrence of a specific resistotype of P. aeruginosa, namely the emergence of carbapenem-resistant but cephalosporin-susceptible (Car-R/Ceph-S) strains, has received substantial attention from clinical microbiologists and infection control specialists; nevertheless, the available literature on this topic is still scarce. The aim of this present review paper is to provide a concise summary on the adaptability, virulence, and antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa to a readership of basic scientists and clinicians

Biomechanical Effects of Different Load Cases with an Implant-Supported Full Bridge on Four Implants in an Edentulous Mandible: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis (3D-FEA)

The long-term success and predictability of implant-supported restorations largely depends on the biomechanical forces (stresses) acting on implants and the surrounding alveolar bone in the mandible. The aim of our study was to investigate the biomechanical behavior of an edentulous mandible with an implant-supported full bridge on four implants under simulated masticatory forces, in the context of different loading schemes, using a three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D-FEA). A patient-specific 3D finite element model was constructed using pre- and post-implantation computer tomography (CT) images of a patient undergoing implant treatment. Simplified masticatory forces set at 300 N were exerted vertically on the denture in four different simulated load cases (LC1–LC4). Two sets of simulations for different implants and denture materials (S1: titanium and titanium; S2: titanium and cobalt-chromium, respectively) were made. Stress outputs were taken as maximum (Pmax) and minimum principal stress (Pmin) and equivalent stress (Peqv) values. The highest peak Pmax values were observed for LC2 (where the modelled masticatory force excluded the cantilevers of the denture extending behind the terminal implants), both regarding the cortical bone (S1 Pmax: 89.57 MPa, S2 Pmax: 102.98 MPa) and trabecular bone (S1 Pmax: 3.03 MPa, S2 Pmax: 2.62 MPa). Overall, LC1—where masticatory forces covered the entire mesio−distal surface of the denture, including the cantilever—was the most advantageous. Peak Pmax values in the cortical bone and the trabecular bone were 14.97–15.87% and 87.96–94.54% higher in the case of S2, respectively. To ensure the long-term maintenance and longevity of treatment for implant-supported restorations in the mandible, efforts to establish the stresses of the surrounding bone in the physiological range, with the most even stress distribution possible, have paramount importance