Eclipse maps of spiral shocks in the accretion disc of IP Pegasi in outburst

Eclipse lightcurves of the dwarf nova IP Peg during the November 1996 outburst are analysed with eclipse mapping techniques to constrain the location and investigate the spatial structure of the spiral shocks observed in the Doppler tomograms (Harlaftis et al. 1999). Eclipse maps in the blue continuum and in the CIII+NIII 4650 emission line show two asymmetric arcs of \sim 90 degrees in azimuth and extending from intermediate to the outer disc regions (R \simeq 0.2 - 0.6 R_{L1}, where R_{L1} is the distance from disc centre to the inner Lagrangian point) which are interpreted as being the spiral shocks seen in the Doppler tomograms. The HeII 4686 eclipse map also shows two asymmetric arcs diluted by a central brightness source. The central source probably corresponds to the low-velocity component seen in the Doppler tomogram and is understood in terms of gas outflow in a wind emanating from the inner parts of the disc. We estimate that the spirals contribute about 16 and 30 per cent of the total line flux, respectively, for the HeII and CIII+NIII lines. Comparison between the Doppler and eclipse maps reveal that the Keplerian velocities derived from the radial position of the shocks are systematically larger than those inferred from the Doppler tomography indicating that the gas in the spiral shocks has sub-Keplerian velocities. We undertake simulations with the aim to investigate the effect of artifacts on the image reconstruction of the spiral structures.Comment: MNRAS, in press. 6 pages, 1 embedded PS and 3 JPEG figures; typed with MNRAS latex styl

The Influence of oral environment on diet choices in goats: a focus on saliva protein composition

There is ample evidence that ruminants are capable of making choices between different foods that provide a more balanced diet that would be obtained by eating at random. In the particular case of goats, they occupy a diversity of habitats and different breeds present variability of feeding behaviors resultant from adaptations to the existent plant species. In their food search activity, individuals are faced with variable amounts of plant secondary metabolites (PSMs), which may present some toxic and anti-nutritional effects depending on the individual’s ability to deal with it. The oral cavity has a key role in the recognition and decision processes of ingestion or rejection. In this chapter we will first consider how goats identify foods and behave according to the food items available. Focus will be done on the importance of taste sense in this process and the information available on the main structures involved in taste detection and perception in goats will be reviewed. In a second section we will focus on the characteristics of goat’s saliva, particularly in terms of their protein composition, presenting results obtained by our research team

Sensitive Dependence on Parameters of Continuous-time Nonlinear Dynamical Systems

We would like to thank the partial support of this work by the Brazilian agencies FAPESP (processes: 2011/19296-1 and 2013/26598-0, CNPq and CAPES. MSB acknowledges EPSRC Ref. EP/I032606/1.Peer reviewedPostprin

Tracing the spiral arms in IP Pegasi

We report the analysis of time-resolved spectroscopy of IP Pegasi in outburst with eclipse mapping techniques to investigate the location and geometry of the observed spiral structures. We were able to obtain an improved view of the spiral structures with the aid of light curves extracted in velocity bins matching the observed range of velocities of the spiral arms combined with a double default map tailored for reconstruction of asymmetric structures. Two-armed spiral structures are clearly seen in all eclipse maps. The arms are located at different distances from the disc centre. The “blue” arm is farther out in the disc (R = 0.55 ± 0.05 R L1 ) than the “red” arm (R = 0.30 ± 0.05 R L1 ). There is evidence that the velocity of the emitting gas along the spiral pattern is lower than the Keplerian velocity for the same disc radius. The discrepancy is smaller in the outer arm (measured velocities 10–15 per cent lower than Keplerian) and is more significant in the inner arm (observed velocities up to 40 per cent lower than Keplerian). We measured the opening angle of the spirals from the azimuthal intensity distribution of the eclipse maps to be φ = 25◦ ± 3◦ . A comparison with similar measurements on data at different outburst stages reveals that the opening angle of the spiral arms in IP Peg decreases while the outbursting accretion disc cools and shrinks, in agreement with the expected evolution of a tidally driven spiral wave. The sub-Keplerian velocities along the spiral pattern and the clear correlation between the opening angle of the spirals and the outburst stage favors the interpretation of these asymmetric structures as tidally-induced spiral shocks