Bis(3-nitro­anilinium) sulfate

In the title salt, 2C6H7N2O2 +·SO4 2−, all the non-H atoms of both cations and the S atom and two O atoms of the anion lie on a crystallographic mirror plane. In the crystal structure, N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds help to establish the packing

Trichlorido{μ-6,6′-dimeth­oxy-2,2′-[cyclo­hexane-1,2-diylbis(nitrilo­methanylyl­idene)]diphenolato}dimethano­l­copper(II)samarium(III)

In the title hetero-dinuclear complex, [CuSm(C22H24N2O4)Cl3(CH3OH)2], the CuII cation is N,N′,O,O′-chelated by a 6,6′-dimeth­oxy-2,2′-[cyclo­hexane-1,2-diylbis(nitrilo­methanylyl­idene)]diphenolate ligand, and one Cl− anion further coordinates to the CuII cation to complete the distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry, while the SmIII cation is chelated by four O atoms from the same ligand, and is further coordinated by two methanol mol­ecules and two Cl− anions in an bicapped trigonal–prismatic geometry. Intra- and inter­molecular O—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds are present in the structure

μ-Acetato-diacetato{μ-6,6′-dimethoxy-2,2′-[o-phenylenebis(nitrilomethanylylidene)]diphenolato}gadolinium(III)zinc

In the heterodinuclear title complex, [GdZn(C22H18N2O4)(CH3COO)3], the ZnII ion is five-coordinated in a square-pyramidal environment defined by two O atoms and two N atoms from the ligand, forming the square plane, and one acetate O atom serving as the apex, while the GdIII ion is nine-coordinated in an approximate mono-capped tetra­gonal–anti­prismatic environment defined by four O atoms from the ligand and five acetate O atoms

Graphene oxide nanoparticles for enhanced photothermal cancer cell therapy under the irradiation of a femtosecond laser beam

Nano-sized graphene and graphene oxide (GO) are promising for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery and photothermal therapy of cancer. It is observed in thiswork that the ultrafast reduction of GO nanoparticles (GONs)with a femtosecond laser beam creates extensive microbubbling. To understand the surface chemistry of GONs on the microbubble formation, the GONs were reduced to remove most of the oxygen-containing groups to get reduced GONs (rGONs). Microbubbling was not observed when the rGONs were irradiated by the laser. The instant collapse of the microbubbles may produce microcavitation effect that brings about localized mechanical damage. To understand the potential applications of this phenomenon, cancer cells labeled with GONs or rGONs were irradiated with the laser. Interestingly, the microbubbling effect greatly facilitated the destruction of cancer cells. When microbubbles were produced, the effective laser power was reduced to less than half of what is needed when microbubbling is absent. This finding will contribute to the safe application of femtosecond laser in the medical area by taking advantage of the ultrafast reduction of GONs. It may also find other important applications that need highly localized microcavitation effects

Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte-Associated Antigen 4 Gene Polymorphisms and Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: An Updated Systematic Review and Cumulative Meta-Analysis

The association of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) gene and susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) has been studied extensively. However, the results were not the same in different ethnic groups. We updated the meta-analysis of association of CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms with AITDs and summarized the results in specific ethnicity. The associations of A49G gene polymorphism with GD, A49G gene polymorphism with HT, CT60 gene polymorphism with GD, and CT60 gene polymorphism with HT were summarized based on the literatures published up to October 30, 2014, in English or Chinese languages. The participants involved in the studies of A49G with GD, A49G with HT, CT60 with GD, and CT60HT were 39004 subjects (in 51 studies), 13102 subjects (in 22 studies), 31446 subjects (in 22 studies), and 6948 subjects (in 8 studies), respectively. The pooled ORs of CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms with AITDs were larger than 1.00, and the 95% CIs of ORs were statistically significant among whole population analyses. However, the subgroup analysis demonstrated that pooled ORs of A49G polymorphisms with GD among Africans or Americans are less than 1.00. The accumulated evidence suggests that the G allele mutant of A49G and CT60 increased the risks of HT and GD

Theory and Experiments of Pressure-Tunable Broadband Light Emission from Self-Trapped Excitons in Metal Halide Crystals

Hydrostatic pressure has been commonly applied to tune broadband light emissions from self-trapped excitons (STE) in perovskites for producing white light and study of basic electron-phonon interactions. However, a general theory is still lacking to understand pressure-driven evolution of STE emissions. In this work we first identify a theoretical model that predicts the effect of hydrostatic pressure on STE emission spectrum, we then report the observation of extremely broadband photoluminescence emission and its wide pressure spectral tuning in 2D indirect bandgap CsPb2Br5 crystals. An excellent agreement is found between the theory and experiment on the peculiar experimental observation of STE emission with a nearly constant spectral bandwidth but linearly increasing energy with pressure below 2 GPa. Further analysis by the theory and experiment under higher pressure reveals that two types of STE are involved and respond differently to external pressure. We subsequently survey published STE emissions and discovered that most of them show a spectral blue-shift under pressure, as predicted by the theory. The identification of an appropriate theoretical model and its application to STE emission through the coordinate configuration diagram paves the way for engineering the STE emission and basic understanding of electron-phonon interaction

Selective fiber Bragg grating inscription in four-core fiber for two-dimension vector bending sensing

The paper presents selective fiber Bragg grating (FBG) inscription in four-core fiber based on a phase mask scanning method. The inscription factors are systematically investigated, which involves fiber core position and focused laser beam size in fiber, etc. Several specific inscriptions (including individual, dual and all inscriptions) are demonstrated. Two orthogonally positioned cores are selectively inscribed and applied to two-dimension vector bending measurement. The measured bending sensitivities of two FBGs range from −54.3 pm/m−1 to 52.2 pm/m−1 and −53.7 pm/m−1 to 52.8 pm/m−1, respectively. More importantly, it has been revealed that their sensitivities versus bending direction follow regular cosinoidal and sinusoidal distribution. The direction and amplitude of the vector bending can be recovered using measured central wavelength shifts of those two FBGs

Precise determination of seawater calcium using isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

NSC, TaiwanWe describe a method for rapid, precise and accurate determination of calcium ion (Ca2+) concentration in seawater using isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-ICP-MS). A 10 mu L aliquot of seawater was spiked with an appropriate Ca-43 enriched solution for Ca-44/Ca-43 ID-ICP-MS analyses, using an Element XR (Thermo Fisher Scientific), operated at low resolution in E-scan acquisition mode. A standard-sample bracketing technique was applied to correct for potential mass discrimination and ratio drift at every 5 samples. A precision of better than 0.05% for within-run and 0.10% for duplicate measurements of the IAPSO seawater standard was achieved using 10 mu L solutions with a measuring time less than 3 minutes. Depth profiles of seawater samples collected from the Arctic Ocean basin were processed and compared with results obtained by the classic ethylene glycol tetra-acetic acid (EGTA) titration. Our new ID-ICP-MS data agreed closely with the conventional EGTA data, with the latter consistently displaying 1.5% excess Ca2+ values, possibly due to a contribution of interference from Mg2+ and Sr2+ in the EGTA titration. The newly obtained Sr/Ca profiles reveal sensitive water mass mixing in the upper oceanic column to reflect ice melting in the Arctic region. This novel technique provides a tool for seawater Ca2+ determination with small sample size, high throughput, excellent internal precision and external reproducibility